2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## Orm 使用方法
|
2013-07-31 14:11:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
beego/orm 的使用例子
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
后文例子如无特殊说明都以这个为基础。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### models.go:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
|
|
|
"github.com/astaxie/beego/orm"
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type User struct {
|
|
|
|
|
Id int `orm:"auto"` // 设置为auto主键
|
|
|
|
|
Name string
|
|
|
|
|
Profile *Profile `orm:"rel(one)"` // OneToOne relation
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type Profile struct {
|
|
|
|
|
Id int `orm:"auto"`
|
|
|
|
|
Age int16
|
|
|
|
|
User *User `orm:"reverse(one)"` // 设置反向关系(可选)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func init() {
|
|
|
|
|
// 需要在init中注册定义的model
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterModel(new(User), new(Profile))
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### main.go
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-01 01:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
package main
|
2013-07-31 14:11:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-01 01:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
|
|
|
"fmt"
|
|
|
|
|
"github.com/astaxie/beego/orm"
|
|
|
|
|
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func init() {
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDriver("mysql", orm.DR_MySQL)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("default", "mysql", "root:root@/orm_test?charset=utf8", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
|
|
|
o := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
o.Using("default") // 默认使用 default,你可以指定为其他数据库
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
profile := NewProfile()
|
|
|
|
|
profile.Age = 30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
user := NewUser()
|
|
|
|
|
user.Profile = profile
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
user.Name = "slene"
|
2013-08-01 01:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-01 07:52:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(o.Insert(profile))
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(o.Insert(user))
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 数据库的设置
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-11 14:27:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
目前 orm 支持三种数据库,以下为测试过的 driver
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将你需要使用的 driver 加入 import 中
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
|
|
|
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
|
|
|
|
|
_ "github.com/lib/pq"
|
|
|
|
|
_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
#### RegisterDriver
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-13 10:06:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
三种默认数据库类型
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
orm.DR_MySQL
|
|
|
|
|
orm.DR_Sqlite
|
|
|
|
|
orm.DR_Postgres
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数1 driverName
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数2 数据库类型
|
|
|
|
|
// 这个用来设置 driverName 对应的数据库类型
|
|
|
|
|
// mysql / sqlite3 / postgres 这三种是默认已经注册过的,所以可以无需设置
|
2013-08-13 10:06:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDriver("mymysql", orm.DR_MySQL)
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### RegisterDataBase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
orm 必须注册一个名称为 `default` 的数据库,用以作为默认使用。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数1 自定义数据库名称,用来在orm中切换数据库使用
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数2 driverName
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数3 对应的链接字符串
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数4 设置最大的空闲连接数,使用 golang 自己的连接池
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("default", "mysql", "root:root@/orm_test?charset=utf8", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-13 10:06:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
#### 时区设置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
orm 默认使用 time.Local 本地时区
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* 作用于 orm 自动创建的时间
|
|
|
|
|
* 从数据库中取回的时间转换成 orm 本地时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果需要的话,你也可以进行更改
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
// 设置为 UTC 时间
|
|
|
|
|
orm.DefaultTimeLoc = time.UTC
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
orm 在进行 RegisterDataBase 的同时,会获取数据库使用的时区,然后在 time.Time 类型存取的时做相应转换,以匹配时间系统,从而保证时间不会出错。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**注意:** 鉴于 Sqlite3 的设计,存取默认都为 UTC 时间
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## RegisterModel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果使用 orm.QuerySeter 进行高级查询的话,这个是必须的。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
反之,如果只使用 Raw 查询和 map struct,是无需这一步的。您可以去查看 [Raw SQL 查询](Raw.md)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将你定义的 Model 进行注册,最佳设计是有单独的 models.go 文件,在他的 init 函数中进行注册。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
迷你版 models.go
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import "github.com/astaxie/beego/orm"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type User struct {
|
|
|
|
|
Id int `orm:"auto"`
|
|
|
|
|
name string
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func init(){
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterModel(new(User))
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RegisterModel 也可以同时注册多个 model
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterModel(new(User), new(Profile), new(Post))
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## ORM 接口使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 orm 必然接触的 Ormer 接口,我们来熟悉一下
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
var o Ormer
|
|
|
|
|
o = orm.NewOrm() // 创建一个 Ormer
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
// NewOrm 的同时会执行 orm.BootStrap (整个 app 只执行一次),用以验证模型之间的定义并缓存。
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* type Ormer interface {
|
2013-08-07 15:35:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* [Read(Modeler) error](Object.md#read)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Insert(Modeler) (int64, error)](Object.md#insert)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Update(Modeler) (int64, error)](Object.md#update)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Delete(Modeler) (int64, error)](Object.md#delete)
|
|
|
|
|
* [M2mAdd(Modeler, string, ...interface{}) (int64, error)](Object.md#m2madd)
|
|
|
|
|
* [M2mDel(Modeler, string, ...interface{}) (int64, error)](Object.md#m2mdel)
|
|
|
|
|
* [LoadRel(Modeler, string) (int64, error)](Object.md#loadRel)
|
|
|
|
|
* [QueryTable(interface{}) QuerySeter](#querytable)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Using(string) error](#using)
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* [Begin() error](Transaction.md)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Commit() error](Transaction.md)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Rollback() error](Transaction.md)
|
2013-08-07 15:35:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* [Raw(string, ...interface{}) RawSeter](#raw)
|
|
|
|
|
* [Driver() Driver](#driver)
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
* }
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### QueryTable
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-07 15:35:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
传入表名,或者 Modeler 对象,返回一个 [QuerySeter](Query.md#queryseter)
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
o := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
var qs QuerySeter
|
|
|
|
|
qs = o.QueryTable("user")
|
|
|
|
|
// 如果表没有定义过,会立刻 panic
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Using
|
2013-08-01 01:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
切换为其他数据库
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("db1", "mysql", "root:root@/orm_db2?charset=utf8", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("db2", "sqlite3", "data.db", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o1 := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
o1.Using("db1")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o2 := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
o2.Using("db2")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 切换为其他数据库以后
|
|
|
|
|
// 这个 Ormer 对象的其下的 api 调用都将使用这个数据库
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
默认使用 `default` 数据库,无需调用 Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Raw
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 sql 语句直接进行操作
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw 函数,返回一个 [RawSeter](Raw.md) 用以对设置的 sql 语句和参数进行操作
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
o := NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
var r RawSeter
|
2013-08-08 03:07:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
r = o.Raw("UPDATE user SET name = ? WHERE name = ?", "testing", "slene")
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Driver
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
返回当前 orm 使用的 db 信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
type Driver interface {
|
|
|
|
|
Name() string
|
|
|
|
|
Type() DriverType
|
2013-08-01 01:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
}
|
2013-08-07 11:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("db1", "mysql", "root:root@/orm_db2?charset=utf8", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
orm.RegisterDataBase("db2", "sqlite3", "data.db", 30)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o1 := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
o1.Using("db1")
|
|
|
|
|
dr := o1.Driver()
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(dr.Name() == "db1") // true
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(dr.Type() == orm.DR_MySQL) // true
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o2 := orm.NewOrm()
|
|
|
|
|
o2.Using("db2")
|
|
|
|
|
dr = o2.Driver()
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(dr.Name() == "db2") // true
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(dr.Type() == orm.DR_Sqlite) // true
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2013-08-09 05:53:04 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 调试模式打印查询语句
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
简单的设置 Debug 为 true 打印查询的语句
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
可能存在性能问题,不建议使用在产品模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
|
|
|
orm.Debug = true
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
默认使用 os.Stderr 输出日志信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
改变输出到你自己的 io.Writer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
var w io.Writer
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
// 设置为你的 io.Writer
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
orm.DebugLog = orm.NewLog(w)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
日志格式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 时间 - [Queries/数据库名] - [执行操作/执行时间] - [SQL语句] - 使用标点 `,` 分隔的参数列表 - 打印遇到的错误
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Exec / 0.4ms] - [INSERT INTO `user` (`name`) VALUES (?)] - `slene`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Exec / 0.5ms] - [UPDATE `user` SET `name` = ? WHERE `id` = ?] - `astaxie`, `14`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [db.QueryRow / 0.4ms] - [SELECT `id`, `name` FROM `user` WHERE `id` = ?] - `14`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Exec / 0.4ms] - [INSERT INTO `post` (`user_id`,`title`,`content`) VALUES (?, ?, ?)] - `14`, `beego orm`, `powerful amazing`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Query / 0.4ms] - [SELECT T1.`name` `User__Name`, T0.`user_id` `User`, T1.`id` `User__Id` FROM `post` T0 INNER JOIN `user` T1 ON T1.`id` = T0.`user_id` WHERE T0.`id` = ? LIMIT 1000] - `68`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Exec / 0.4ms] - [DELETE FROM `user` WHERE `id` = ?] - `14`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Query / 0.3ms] - [SELECT T0.`id` FROM `post` T0 WHERE T0.`user_id` IN (?) ] - `14`
|
|
|
|
|
[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [ db.Exec / 0.4ms] - [DELETE FROM `post` WHERE `id` IN (?)] - `68`
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
日志内容包括 **所有的数据库操作**,事务,Prepare,等
|