Merge branch 'release/release1.1.0'

README.md

@@ -35,9 +35,5 @@ More info [beego.me](http://beego.me)
 beego is licensed under the Apache Licence, Version 2.0
 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html).
 
-
+[![Clone in Koding](http://learn.koding.com/btn/clone_d.png)][koding]
-## Use case
+[koding]: https://koding.com/Teamwork?import=https://github.com/astaxie/beego/archive/master.zip&c=git1
-
-- Displaying API documentation: [gowalker](https://github.com/Unknwon/gowalker)
-- seocms: [seocms](https://github.com/chinakr/seocms)
-- CMS: [toropress](https://github.com/insionng/toropress)

app.go

@@ -118,6 +118,14 @@ func (app *App) AutoRouter(c ControllerInterface) *App {
 	return app
 }
 
+// AutoRouterWithPrefix adds beego-defined controller handler with prefix.
+// if beego.AutoPrefix("/admin",&MainContorlller{}) and MainController has methods List and Page,
+// visit the url /admin/main/list to exec List function or /admin/main/page to exec Page function.
+func (app *App) AutoRouterWithPrefix(prefix string, c ControllerInterface) *App {
+	app.Handlers.AddAutoPrefix(prefix, c)
+	return app
+}
+
 // UrlFor creates a url with another registered controller handler with params.
 // The endpoint is formed as path.controller.name to defined the controller method which will run.
 // The values need key-pair data to assign into controller method.

beego.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/astaxie/beego/middleware"
@@ -11,7 +12,77 @@ import (
 )
 
 // beego web framework version.
-const VERSION = "1.0.1"
+const VERSION = "1.1.0"
+
+type hookfunc func() error //hook function to run
+var hooks []hookfunc       //hook function slice to store the hookfunc
+
+type groupRouter struct {
+	pattern        string
+	controller     ControllerInterface
+	mappingMethods string
+}
+
+// RouterGroups which will store routers
+type GroupRouters []groupRouter
+
+// Get a new GroupRouters
+func NewGroupRouters() GroupRouters {
+	return make([]groupRouter, 0)
+}
+
+// Add Router in the GroupRouters
+// it is for plugin or module to register router
+func (gr GroupRouters) AddRouter(pattern string, c ControllerInterface, mappingMethod ...string) {
+	var newRG groupRouter
+	if len(mappingMethod) > 0 {
+		newRG = groupRouter{
+			pattern,
+			c,
+			mappingMethod[0],
+		}
+	} else {
+		newRG = groupRouter{
+			pattern,
+			c,
+			"",
+		}
+	}
+	gr = append(gr, newRG)
+}
+
+func (gr GroupRouters) AddAuto(c ControllerInterface) {
+	newRG := groupRouter{
+		"",
+		c,
+		"",
+	}
+	gr = append(gr, newRG)
+}
+
+// AddGroupRouter with the prefix
+// it will register the router in BeeApp
+// the follow code is write in modules:
+// GR:=NewGroupRouters()
+// GR.AddRouter("/login",&UserController,"get:Login")
+// GR.AddRouter("/logout",&UserController,"get:Logout")
+// GR.AddRouter("/register",&UserController,"get:Reg")
+// the follow code is write in app:
+// import "github.com/beego/modules/auth"
+// AddRouterGroup("/admin", auth.GR)
+func AddGroupRouter(prefix string, groups GroupRouters) *App {
+	for _, v := range groups {
+		if v.pattern == "" {
+			BeeApp.AutoRouterWithPrefix(prefix, v.controller)
+		} else if v.mappingMethods != "" {
+			BeeApp.Router(prefix+v.pattern, v.controller, v.mappingMethods)
+		} else {
+			BeeApp.Router(prefix+v.pattern, v.controller)
+		}
+
+	}
+	return BeeApp
+}
 
 // Router adds a patterned controller handler to BeeApp.
 // it's an alias method of App.Router.
@@ -36,6 +107,13 @@ func AutoRouter(c ControllerInterface) *App {
 	return BeeApp
 }
 
+// AutoPrefix adds controller handler to BeeApp with prefix.
+// it's same to App.AutoRouterWithPrefix.
+func AutoPrefix(prefix string, c ControllerInterface) *App {
+	BeeApp.AutoRouterWithPrefix(prefix, c)
+	return BeeApp
+}
+
 // ErrorHandler registers http.HandlerFunc to each http err code string.
 // usage:
 // 	beego.ErrorHandler("404",NotFound)
@@ -87,6 +165,12 @@ func InsertFilter(pattern string, pos int, filter FilterFunc) *App {
 	return BeeApp
 }
 
+// The hookfunc will run in beego.Run()
+// such as sessionInit, middlerware start, buildtemplate, admin start
+func AddAPPStartHook(hf hookfunc) {
+	hooks = append(hooks, hf)
+}
+
 // Run beego application.
 // it's alias of App.Run.
 func Run() {
@@ -99,18 +183,32 @@ func Run() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	//init mime
+	// do hooks function
-	initMime()
+	for _, hk := range hooks {
+		err := hk()
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
 
 	if SessionOn {
-		GlobalSessions, _ = session.NewManager(SessionProvider,
+		var err error
-			SessionName,
+		sessionConfig := AppConfig.String("sessionConfig")
-			SessionGCMaxLifetime,
+		if sessionConfig == "" {
-			SessionSavePath,
+			sessionConfig = `{"cookieName":"` + SessionName + `",` +
-			HttpTLS,
+				`"gclifetime":` + strconv.FormatInt(SessionGCMaxLifetime, 10) + `,` +
-			SessionHashFunc,
+				`"providerConfig":"` + SessionSavePath + `",` +
-			SessionHashKey,
+				`"secure":` + strconv.FormatBool(HttpTLS) + `,` +
-			SessionCookieLifeTime)
+				`"sessionIDHashFunc":"` + SessionHashFunc + `",` +
+				`"sessionIDHashKey":"` + SessionHashKey + `",` +
+				`"enableSetCookie":` + strconv.FormatBool(SessionAutoSetCookie) + `,` +
+				`"cookieLifeTime":` + strconv.Itoa(SessionCookieLifeTime) + `}`
+		}
+		GlobalSessions, err = session.NewManager(SessionProvider,
+			sessionConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
 		go GlobalSessions.GC()
 	}
 
@@ -123,7 +221,7 @@ func Run() {
 
 	middleware.VERSION = VERSION
 	middleware.AppName = AppName
-	middleware.RegisterErrorHander()
+	middleware.RegisterErrorHandler()
 
 	if EnableAdmin {
 		go BeeAdminApp.Run()
@@ -131,3 +229,9 @@ func Run() {
 
 	BeeApp.Run()
 }
+
+func init() {
+	hooks = make([]hookfunc, 0)
+	//init mime
+	AddAPPStartHook(initMime)
+}

cache/README.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ interval means the gc time. The cache will check at each time interval, whether
 
 ## Memcache adapter
 
-memory adapter use the vitess's [Memcache](http://code.google.com/p/vitess/go/memcache) client.
+Memcache adapter use the vitess's [Memcache](http://code.google.com/p/vitess/go/memcache) client.
 
 Configure like this:
 

cache/cache_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-func Test_cache(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 	bm, err := NewCache("memory", `{"interval":20}`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error("init err")
@@ -51,3 +51,51 @@ func Test_cache(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("delete err")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFileCache(t *testing.T) {
+	bm, err := NewCache("file", `{"CachePath":"/cache","FileSuffix":".bin","DirectoryLevel":2,"EmbedExpiry":0}`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error("init err")
+	}
+	if err = bm.Put("astaxie", 1, 10); err != nil {
+		t.Error("set Error", err)
+	}
+	if !bm.IsExist("astaxie") {
+		t.Error("check err")
+	}
+
+	if v := bm.Get("astaxie"); v.(int) != 1 {
+		t.Error("get err")
+	}
+
+	if err = bm.Incr("astaxie"); err != nil {
+		t.Error("Incr Error", err)
+	}
+
+	if v := bm.Get("astaxie"); v.(int) != 2 {
+		t.Error("get err")
+	}
+
+	if err = bm.Decr("astaxie"); err != nil {
+		t.Error("Incr Error", err)
+	}
+
+	if v := bm.Get("astaxie"); v.(int) != 1 {
+		t.Error("get err")
+	}
+	bm.Delete("astaxie")
+	if bm.IsExist("astaxie") {
+		t.Error("delete err")
+	}
+	//test string
+	if err = bm.Put("astaxie", "author", 10); err != nil {
+		t.Error("set Error", err)
+	}
+	if !bm.IsExist("astaxie") {
+		t.Error("check err")
+	}
+
+	if v := bm.Get("astaxie"); v.(string) != "author" {
+		t.Error("get err")
+	}
+}

cache/file.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func (this *FileCache) StartAndGC(config string) error {
 	var cfg map[string]string
 	json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), &cfg)
 	//fmt.Println(cfg)
+	//fmt.Println(config)
 	if _, ok := cfg["CachePath"]; !ok {
 		cfg["CachePath"] = FileCachePath
 	}
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func (this *FileCache) Get(key string) interface{} {
 		return ""
 	}
 	var to FileCacheItem
-	Gob_decode([]byte(filedata), &to)
+	Gob_decode(filedata, &to)
 	if to.Expired < time.Now().Unix() {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func (this *FileCache) Delete(key string) error {
 func (this *FileCache) Incr(key string) error {
 	data := this.Get(key)
 	var incr int
-	fmt.Println(reflect.TypeOf(data).Name())
+	//fmt.Println(reflect.TypeOf(data).Name())
 	if reflect.TypeOf(data).Name() != "int" {
 		incr = 0
 	} else {
@@ -210,8 +211,7 @@ func (this *FileCache) IsExist(key string) bool {
 // Clean cached files.
 // not implemented.
 func (this *FileCache) ClearAll() error {
-	//this.CachePath .递归删除
+	//this.CachePath
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func Gob_encode(data interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 // Gob decodes file cache item.
-func Gob_decode(data []byte, to interface{}) error {
+func Gob_decode(data []byte, to *FileCacheItem) error {
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(data)
 	dec := gob.NewDecoder(buf)
 	return dec.Decode(&to)

cache/memcache.go

@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ func NewMemCache() *MemcacheCache {
 // get value from memcache.
 func (rc *MemcacheCache) Get(key string) interface{} {
 	if rc.c == nil {
-		rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+		var err error
+		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	v, err := rc.c.Get(key)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -39,7 +43,11 @@ func (rc *MemcacheCache) Get(key string) interface{} {
 // put value to memcache. only support string.
 func (rc *MemcacheCache) Put(key string, val interface{}, timeout int64) error {
 	if rc.c == nil {
-		rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+		var err error
+		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	v, ok := val.(string)
 	if !ok {
@@ -55,7 +63,11 @@ func (rc *MemcacheCache) Put(key string, val interface{}, timeout int64) error {
 // delete value in memcache.
 func (rc *MemcacheCache) Delete(key string) error {
 	if rc.c == nil {
-		rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+		var err error
+		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	_, err := rc.c.Delete(key)
 	return err
@@ -76,7 +88,11 @@ func (rc *MemcacheCache) Decr(key string) error {
 // check value exists in memcache.
 func (rc *MemcacheCache) IsExist(key string) bool {
 	if rc.c == nil {
-		rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+		var err error
+		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
 	}
 	v, err := rc.c.Get(key)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -93,7 +109,11 @@ func (rc *MemcacheCache) IsExist(key string) bool {
 // clear all cached in memcache.
 func (rc *MemcacheCache) ClearAll() error {
 	if rc.c == nil {
-		rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+		var err error
+		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	err := rc.c.FlushAll()
 	return err
@@ -109,20 +129,21 @@ func (rc *MemcacheCache) StartAndGC(config string) error {
 		return errors.New("config has no conn key")
 	}
 	rc.conninfo = cf["conn"]
-	rc.c = rc.connectInit()
+	var err error
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+	if err != nil {
 		return errors.New("dial tcp conn error")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // connect to memcache and keep the connection.
-func (rc *MemcacheCache) connectInit() *memcache.Connection {
+func (rc *MemcacheCache) connectInit() (*memcache.Connection, error) {
 	c, err := memcache.Connect(rc.conninfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return c
+	return c, nil
 }
 
 func init() {

cache/redis.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package cache
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/beego/redigo/redis"
 )
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ var (
 
 // Redis cache adapter.
 type RedisCache struct {
-	c        redis.Conn
+	p        *redis.Pool // redis connection pool
 	conninfo string
 	key      string
 }
@@ -24,107 +25,62 @@ func NewRedisCache() *RedisCache {
 	return &RedisCache{key: DefaultKey}
 }
 
+// actually do the redis cmds
+func (rc *RedisCache) do(commandName string, args ...interface{}) (reply interface{}, err error) {
+	c := rc.p.Get()
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	return c.Do(commandName, args...)
+}
+
 // Get cache from redis.
 func (rc *RedisCache) Get(key string) interface{} {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	v, err := rc.do("HGET", rc.key, key)
-		var err error
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-	v, err := rc.c.Do("HGET", rc.key, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+
 	return v
 }
 
 // put cache to redis.
 // timeout is ignored.
 func (rc *RedisCache) Put(key string, val interface{}, timeout int64) error {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	_, err := rc.do("HSET", rc.key, key, val)
-		var err error
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	_, err := rc.c.Do("HSET", rc.key, key, val)
 	return err
 }
 
 // delete cache in redis.
 func (rc *RedisCache) Delete(key string) error {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	_, err := rc.do("HDEL", rc.key, key)
-		var err error
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	_, err := rc.c.Do("HDEL", rc.key, key)
 	return err
 }
 
 // check cache exist in redis.
 func (rc *RedisCache) IsExist(key string) bool {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	v, err := redis.Bool(rc.do("HEXISTS", rc.key, key))
-		var err error
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	v, err := redis.Bool(rc.c.Do("HEXISTS", rc.key, key))
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
+
 	return v
 }
 
 // increase counter in redis.
 func (rc *RedisCache) Incr(key string) error {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	_, err := redis.Bool(rc.do("HINCRBY", rc.key, key, 1))
-		var err error
+	return err
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	_, err := redis.Bool(rc.c.Do("HINCRBY", rc.key, key, 1))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 // decrease counter in redis.
 func (rc *RedisCache) Decr(key string) error {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	_, err := redis.Bool(rc.do("HINCRBY", rc.key, key, -1))
-		var err error
+	return err
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	_, err := redis.Bool(rc.c.Do("HINCRBY", rc.key, key, -1))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 // clean all cache in redis. delete this redis collection.
 func (rc *RedisCache) ClearAll() error {
-	if rc.c == nil {
+	_, err := rc.do("DEL", rc.key)
-		var err error
-		rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	_, err := rc.c.Do("DEL", rc.key)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -135,32 +91,42 @@ func (rc *RedisCache) ClearAll() error {
 func (rc *RedisCache) StartAndGC(config string) error {
 	var cf map[string]string
 	json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), &cf)
+
 	if _, ok := cf["key"]; !ok {
 		cf["key"] = DefaultKey
 	}
+
 	if _, ok := cf["conn"]; !ok {
 		return errors.New("config has no conn key")
 	}
+
 	rc.key = cf["key"]
 	rc.conninfo = cf["conn"]
-	var err error
+	rc.connectInit()
-	rc.c, err = rc.connectInit()
+
-	if err != nil {
+	c := rc.p.Get()
+	defer c.Close()
+	if err := c.Err(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if rc.c == nil {
+
-		return errors.New("dial tcp conn error")
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // connect to redis.
-func (rc *RedisCache) connectInit() (redis.Conn, error) {
+func (rc *RedisCache) connectInit() {
-	c, err := redis.Dial("tcp", rc.conninfo)
+	// initialize a new pool
-	if err != nil {
+	rc.p = &redis.Pool{
-		return nil, err
+		MaxIdle:     3,
+		IdleTimeout: 180 * time.Second,
+		Dial: func() (redis.Conn, error) {
+			c, err := redis.Dial("tcp", rc.conninfo)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return c, nil
+		},
 	}
-	return c, nil
 }
 
 func init() {

config.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ var (
 	SessionHashFunc        string           // session hash generation func.
 	SessionHashKey         string           // session hash salt string.
 	SessionCookieLifeTime  int              // the life time of session id in cookie.
+	SessionAutoSetCookie   bool             // auto setcookie
 	UseFcgi                bool
 	MaxMemory              int64
 	EnableGzip             bool // flag of enable gzip
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ func init() {
 	SessionHashFunc = "sha1"
 	SessionHashKey = "beegoserversessionkey"
 	SessionCookieLifeTime = 0 //set cookie default is the brower life
+	SessionAutoSetCookie = true
 
 	UseFcgi = false
 
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ func init() {
 func ParseConfig() (err error) {
 	AppConfig, err = config.NewConfig("ini", AppConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
+		AppConfig = config.NewFakeConfig()
 		return err
 	} else {
 		HttpAddr = AppConfig.String("HttpAddr")

config/config.go

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ import (
 
 // ConfigContainer defines how to get and set value from configuration raw data.
 type ConfigContainer interface {
-	Set(key, val string) error // support section::key type in given key when using ini type.
+	Set(key, val string) error   // support section::key type in given key when using ini type.
-	String(key string) string  // support section::key type in key string when using ini and json type; Int,Int64,Bool,Float,DIY are same.
+	String(key string) string    // support section::key type in key string when using ini and json type; Int,Int64,Bool,Float,DIY are same.
+	Strings(key string) []string //get string slice
 	Int(key string) (int, error)
 	Int64(key string) (int64, error)
 	Bool(key string) (bool, error)

config/fake.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type fakeConfigContainer struct {
+	data map[string]string
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) getData(key string) string {
+	key = strings.ToLower(key)
+	return c.data[key]
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Set(key, val string) error {
+	key = strings.ToLower(key)
+	c.data[key] = val
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) String(key string) string {
+	return c.getData(key)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Strings(key string) []string {
+	return strings.Split(c.getData(key), ";")
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Int(key string) (int, error) {
+	return strconv.Atoi(c.getData(key))
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Int64(key string) (int64, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseInt(c.getData(key), 10, 64)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Bool(key string) (bool, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseBool(c.getData(key))
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) Float(key string) (float64, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseFloat(c.getData(key), 64)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeConfigContainer) DIY(key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	key = strings.ToLower(key)
+	if v, ok := c.data[key]; ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("key not find")
+}
+
+var _ ConfigContainer = new(fakeConfigContainer)
+
+func NewFakeConfig() ConfigContainer {
+	return &fakeConfigContainer{
+		data: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}

config/ini.go

@@ -146,6 +146,11 @@ func (c *IniConfigContainer) String(key string) string {
 	return c.getdata(key)
 }
 
+// Strings returns the []string value for a given key.
+func (c *IniConfigContainer) Strings(key string) []string {
+	return strings.Split(c.String(key), ";")
+}
+
 // WriteValue writes a new value for key.
 // if write to one section, the key need be "section::key".
 // if the section is not existed, it panics.

config/ini_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ copyrequestbody = true
 key1="asta"
 key2 = "xie"
 CaseInsensitive = true
+peers = one;two;three
 `
 
 func TestIni(t *testing.T) {
@@ -78,4 +79,11 @@ func TestIni(t *testing.T) {
 	if v, err := iniconf.Bool("demo::caseinsensitive"); err != nil || v != true {
 		t.Fatal("get demo.caseinsensitive error")
 	}
+
+	if data := iniconf.Strings("demo::peers"); len(data) != 3 {
+		t.Fatal("get strings error", data)
+	} else if data[0] != "one" {
+		t.Fatal("get first params error not equat to one")
+	}
+
 }

config/json.go

@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ func (c *JsonConfigContainer) String(key string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// Strings returns the []string value for a given key.
+func (c *JsonConfigContainer) Strings(key string) []string {
+	return strings.Split(c.String(key), ";")
+}
+
 // WriteValue writes a new value for key.
 func (c *JsonConfigContainer) Set(key, val string) error {
 	c.Lock()

config/xml.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/beego/x2j"
@@ -72,6 +73,11 @@ func (c *XMLConfigContainer) String(key string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// Strings returns the []string value for a given key.
+func (c *XMLConfigContainer) Strings(key string) []string {
+	return strings.Split(c.String(key), ";")
+}
+
 // WriteValue writes a new value for key.
 func (c *XMLConfigContainer) Set(key, val string) error {
 	c.Lock()

config/yaml.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/beego/goyaml2"
@@ -117,6 +118,11 @@ func (c *YAMLConfigContainer) String(key string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// Strings returns the []string value for a given key.
+func (c *YAMLConfigContainer) Strings(key string) []string {
+	return strings.Split(c.String(key), ";")
+}
+
 // WriteValue writes a new value for key.
 func (c *YAMLConfigContainer) Set(key, val string) error {
 	c.Lock()

controller.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package beego
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/hmac"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/astaxie/beego/context"
 	"github.com/astaxie/beego/session"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/utils"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ type Controller struct {
 	CruSession     session.SessionStore
 	XSRFExpire     int
 	AppController  interface{}
+	EnableReander  bool
 }
 
 // ControllerInterface is an interface to uniform all controller handler.
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ func (c *Controller) Init(ctx *context.Context, controllerName, actionName strin
 	c.Ctx = ctx
 	c.TplExt = "tpl"
 	c.AppController = app
+	c.EnableReander = true
+	c.Data = ctx.Input.Data
 }
 
 // Prepare runs after Init before request function execution.
@@ -123,6 +126,9 @@ func (c *Controller) Options() {
 
 // Render sends the response with rendered template bytes as text/html type.
 func (c *Controller) Render() error {
+	if !c.EnableReander {
+		return nil
+	}
 	rb, err := c.RenderBytes()
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -140,7 +146,7 @@ func (c *Controller) RenderString() (string, error) {
 	return string(b), e
 }
 
-// RenderBytes returns the bytes of renderd tempate string. Do not send out response.
+// RenderBytes returns the bytes of rendered template string. Do not send out response.
 func (c *Controller) RenderBytes() ([]byte, error) {
 	//if the controller has set layout, then first get the tplname's content set the content to the layout
 	if c.Layout != "" {
@@ -165,7 +171,7 @@ func (c *Controller) RenderBytes() ([]byte, error) {
 
 		if c.LayoutSections != nil {
 			for sectionName, sectionTpl := range c.LayoutSections {
-				if (sectionTpl == "") {
+				if sectionTpl == "" {
 					c.Data[sectionName] = ""
 					continue
 				}
@@ -391,12 +397,14 @@ func (c *Controller) DelSession(name interface{}) {
 // SessionRegenerateID regenerates session id for this session.
 // the session data have no changes.
 func (c *Controller) SessionRegenerateID() {
+	c.CruSession.SessionRelease(c.Ctx.ResponseWriter)
 	c.CruSession = GlobalSessions.SessionRegenerateId(c.Ctx.ResponseWriter, c.Ctx.Request)
 	c.Ctx.Input.CruSession = c.CruSession
 }
 
 // DestroySession cleans session data and session cookie.
 func (c *Controller) DestroySession() {
+	c.Ctx.Input.CruSession.Flush()
 	GlobalSessions.SessionDestroy(c.Ctx.ResponseWriter, c.Ctx.Request)
 }
 
@@ -454,7 +462,7 @@ func (c *Controller) XsrfToken() string {
 			} else {
 				expire = int64(XSRFExpire)
 			}
-			token = getRandomString(15)
+			token = string(utils.RandomCreateBytes(15))
 			c.SetSecureCookie(XSRFKEY, "_xsrf", token, expire)
 		}
 		c._xsrf_token = token
@@ -491,14 +499,3 @@ func (c *Controller) XsrfFormHtml() string {
 func (c *Controller) GetControllerAndAction() (controllerName, actionName string) {
 	return c.controllerName, c.actionName
 }
-
-// getRandomString returns random string.
-func getRandomString(n int) string {
-	const alphanum = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-	var bytes = make([]byte, n)
-	rand.Read(bytes)
-	for i, b := range bytes {
-		bytes[i] = alphanum[b%byte(len(alphanum))]
-	}
-	return string(bytes)
-}

example/chat/controllers/ws.go

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package controllers
 
 import (
-	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
-	"github.com/garyburd/go-websocket/websocket"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 )
 
 const (

filter.go

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ func (mr *FilterRouter) ValidRouter(router string) (bool, map[string]string) {
 	if router == mr.pattern {
 		return true, nil
 	}
+	//pattern /admin  router /admin/  match
+	//pattern /admin/ router /admin don't match, because url will 301 in router
+	if n := len(router); n > 1 && router[n-1] == '/' && router[:n-2] == mr.pattern {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
 	if mr.hasregex {
 		if !mr.regex.MatchString(router) {
 			return false, nil
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@ func (mr *FilterRouter) ValidRouter(router string) (bool, map[string]string) {
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-func buildFilter(pattern string, filter FilterFunc) *FilterRouter {
+func buildFilter(pattern string, filter FilterFunc) (*FilterRouter, error) {
 	mr := new(FilterRouter)
 	mr.params = make(map[int]string)
 	mr.filterFunc = filter
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ func buildFilter(pattern string, filter FilterFunc) *FilterRouter {
 	j := 0
 	for i, part := range parts {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(part, ":") {
-			expr := "(.+)"
+			expr := "(.*)"
 			//a user may choose to override the default expression
 			// similar to expressjs: ‘/user/:id([0-9]+)’
 			if index := strings.Index(part, "("); index != -1 {
@@ -77,7 +83,7 @@ func buildFilter(pattern string, filter FilterFunc) *FilterRouter {
 			j++
 		}
 		if strings.HasPrefix(part, "*") {
-			expr := "(.+)"
+			expr := "(.*)"
 			if part == "*.*" {
 				mr.params[j] = ":path"
 				parts[i] = "([^.]+).([^.]+)"
@@ -137,12 +143,11 @@ func buildFilter(pattern string, filter FilterFunc) *FilterRouter {
 		pattern = strings.Join(parts, "/")
 		regex, regexErr := regexp.Compile(pattern)
 		if regexErr != nil {
-			//TODO add error handling here to avoid panic
+			return nil, regexErr
-			panic(regexErr)
 		}
 		mr.regex = regex
 		mr.hasregex = true
 	}
 	mr.pattern = pattern
-	return mr
+	return mr, nil
 }

fiter_test.go

@@ -23,3 +23,32 @@ func TestFilter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("user define func can't run")
 	}
 }
+
+var FilterAdminUser = func(ctx *context.Context) {
+	ctx.Output.Body([]byte("i am admin"))
+}
+
+// Filter pattern /admin/:all
+// all url like    /admin/    /admin/xie    will all get filter
+
+func TestPatternTwo(t *testing.T) {
+	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/admin/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler := NewControllerRegistor()
+	handler.AddFilter("/admin/:all", "AfterStatic", FilterAdminUser)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	if w.Body.String() != "i am admin" {
+		t.Errorf("filter /admin/ can't run")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPatternThree(t *testing.T) {
+	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/admin/astaxie", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler := NewControllerRegistor()
+	handler.AddFilter("/admin/:all", "AfterStatic", FilterAdminUser)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	if w.Body.String() != "i am admin" {
+		t.Errorf("filter /admin/astaxie can't run")
+	}
+}

logs/conn.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"net"
 )
 
+// ConnWriter implements LoggerInterface.
+// it writes messages in keep-live tcp connection.
 type ConnWriter struct {
 	lg             *log.Logger
 	innerWriter    io.WriteCloser
@@ -17,12 +19,15 @@ type ConnWriter struct {
 	Level          int    `json:"level"`
 }
 
+// create new ConnWrite returning as LoggerInterface.
 func NewConn() LoggerInterface {
 	conn := new(ConnWriter)
 	conn.Level = LevelTrace
 	return conn
 }
 
+// init connection writer with json config.
+// json config only need key "level".
 func (c *ConnWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonconfig), c)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -31,6 +36,8 @@ func (c *ConnWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// write message in connection.
+// if connection is down, try to re-connect.
 func (c *ConnWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	if level < c.Level {
 		return nil
@@ -49,10 +56,12 @@ func (c *ConnWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// implementing method. empty.
 func (c *ConnWriter) Flush() {
 
 }
 
+// destroy connection writer and close tcp listener.
 func (c *ConnWriter) Destroy() {
 	if c.innerWriter == nil {
 		return

logs/console.go

@@ -4,13 +4,35 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"log"
 	"os"
+	"runtime"
 )
 
+type Brush func(string) string
+
+func NewBrush(color string) Brush {
+	pre := "\033["
+	reset := "\033[0m"
+	return func(text string) string {
+		return pre + color + "m" + text + reset
+	}
+}
+
+var colors = []Brush{
+	NewBrush("1;36"), // Trace      cyan
+	NewBrush("1;34"), // Debug      blue
+	NewBrush("1;32"), // Info       green
+	NewBrush("1;33"), // Warn       yellow
+	NewBrush("1;31"), // Error      red
+	NewBrush("1;35"), // Critical   purple
+}
+
+// ConsoleWriter implements LoggerInterface and writes messages to terminal.
 type ConsoleWriter struct {
 	lg    *log.Logger
 	Level int `json:"level"`
 }
 
+// create ConsoleWriter returning as LoggerInterface.
 func NewConsole() LoggerInterface {
 	cw := new(ConsoleWriter)
 	cw.lg = log.New(os.Stdout, "", log.Ldate|log.Ltime)
@@ -18,6 +40,8 @@ func NewConsole() LoggerInterface {
 	return cw
 }
 
+// init console logger.
+// jsonconfig like '{"level":LevelTrace}'.
 func (c *ConsoleWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonconfig), c)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -26,18 +50,25 @@ func (c *ConsoleWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// write message in console.
 func (c *ConsoleWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	if level < c.Level {
 		return nil
 	}
-	c.lg.Println(msg)
+	if goos := runtime.GOOS; goos == "windows" {
+		c.lg.Println(msg)
+	} else {
+		c.lg.Println(colors[level](msg))
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// implementing method. empty.
 func (c *ConsoleWriter) Destroy() {
 
 }
 
+// implementing method. empty.
 func (c *ConsoleWriter) Flush() {
 
 }

logs/file.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// FileLogWriter implements LoggerInterface.
+// It writes messages by lines limit, file size limit, or time frequency.
 type FileLogWriter struct {
 	*log.Logger
 	mw *MuxWriter
@@ -38,17 +40,20 @@ type FileLogWriter struct {
 	Level int `json:"level"`
 }
 
+// an *os.File writer with locker.
 type MuxWriter struct {
 	sync.Mutex
 	fd *os.File
 }
 
+// write to os.File.
 func (l *MuxWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	l.Lock()
 	defer l.Unlock()
 	return l.fd.Write(b)
 }
 
+// set os.File in writer.
 func (l *MuxWriter) SetFd(fd *os.File) {
 	if l.fd != nil {
 		l.fd.Close()
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@ func (l *MuxWriter) SetFd(fd *os.File) {
 	l.fd = fd
 }
 
+// create a FileLogWriter returning as LoggerInterface.
 func NewFileWriter() LoggerInterface {
 	w := &FileLogWriter{
 		Filename: "",
@@ -73,15 +79,16 @@ func NewFileWriter() LoggerInterface {
 	return w
 }
 
-// jsonconfig like this
+// Init file logger with json config.
-//{
+// jsonconfig like:
+//	{
 //	"filename":"logs/beego.log",
 //	"maxlines":10000,
 //	"maxsize":1<<30,
 //	"daily":true,
 //	"maxdays":15,
 //	"rotate":true
-//}
+//	}
 func (w *FileLogWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonconfig), w)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -94,6 +101,7 @@ func (w *FileLogWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// start file logger. create log file and set to locker-inside file writer.
 func (w *FileLogWriter) StartLogger() error {
 	fd, err := w.createLogFile()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -122,6 +130,7 @@ func (w *FileLogWriter) docheck(size int) {
 	w.maxsize_cursize += size
 }
 
+// write logger message into file.
 func (w *FileLogWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	if level < w.Level {
 		return nil
@@ -158,6 +167,8 @@ func (w *FileLogWriter) initFd() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// DoRotate means it need to write file in new file.
+// new file name like xx.log.2013-01-01.2
 func (w *FileLogWriter) DoRotate() error {
 	_, err := os.Lstat(w.Filename)
 	if err == nil { // file exists
@@ -211,10 +222,14 @@ func (w *FileLogWriter) deleteOldLog() {
 	})
 }
 
+// destroy file logger, close file writer.
 func (w *FileLogWriter) Destroy() {
 	w.mw.fd.Close()
 }
 
+// flush file logger.
+// there are no buffering messages in file logger in memory.
+// flush file means sync file from disk.
 func (w *FileLogWriter) Flush() {
 	w.mw.fd.Sync()
 }

logs/log.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	// log message levels
 	LevelTrace = iota
 	LevelDebug
 	LevelInfo
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ const (
 
 type loggerType func() LoggerInterface
 
+// LoggerInterface defines the behavior of a log provider.
 type LoggerInterface interface {
 	Init(config string) error
 	WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ func Register(name string, log loggerType) {
 	adapters[name] = log
 }
 
+// BeeLogger is default logger in beego application.
+// it can contain several providers and log message into all providers.
 type BeeLogger struct {
 	lock    sync.Mutex
 	level   int
@@ -50,7 +54,9 @@ type logMsg struct {
 	msg   string
 }
 
-// config need to be correct JSON as string: {"interval":360}
+// NewLogger returns a new BeeLogger.
+// channellen means the number of messages in chan.
+// if the buffering chan is full, logger adapters write to file or other way.
 func NewLogger(channellen int64) *BeeLogger {
 	bl := new(BeeLogger)
 	bl.msg = make(chan *logMsg, channellen)
@@ -60,6 +66,8 @@ func NewLogger(channellen int64) *BeeLogger {
 	return bl
 }
 
+// SetLogger provides a given logger adapter into BeeLogger with config string.
+// config need to be correct JSON as string: {"interval":360}.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) SetLogger(adaptername string, config string) error {
 	bl.lock.Lock()
 	defer bl.lock.Unlock()
@@ -73,6 +81,7 @@ func (bl *BeeLogger) SetLogger(adaptername string, config string) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// remove a logger adapter in BeeLogger.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) DelLogger(adaptername string) error {
 	bl.lock.Lock()
 	defer bl.lock.Unlock()
@@ -96,10 +105,14 @@ func (bl *BeeLogger) writerMsg(loglevel int, msg string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// set log message level.
+// if message level (such as LevelTrace) is less than logger level (such as LevelWarn), ignore message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) SetLevel(l int) {
 	bl.level = l
 }
 
+// start logger chan reading.
+// when chan is full, write logs.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) StartLogger() {
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -111,43 +124,50 @@ func (bl *BeeLogger) StartLogger() {
 	}
 }
 
+// log trace level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Trace(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[T] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelTrace, msg)
 }
 
+// log debug level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Debug(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[D] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelDebug, msg)
 }
 
+// log info level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Info(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[I] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelInfo, msg)
 }
 
+// log warn level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Warn(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[W] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelWarn, msg)
 }
 
+// log error level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Error(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[E] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelError, msg)
 }
 
+// log critical level message.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Critical(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("[C] "+format, v...)
 	bl.writerMsg(LevelCritical, msg)
 }
 
-//flush all chan data
+// flush all chan data.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Flush() {
 	for _, l := range bl.outputs {
 		l.Flush()
 	}
 }
 
+// close logger, flush all chan data and destroy all adapters in BeeLogger.
 func (bl *BeeLogger) Close() {
 	for {
 		if len(bl.msg) > 0 {

logs/smtp.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const (
 	subjectPhrase = "Diagnostic message from server"
 )
 
-// smtpWriter is used to send emails via given SMTP-server.
+// smtpWriter implements LoggerInterface and is used to send emails via given SMTP-server.
 type SmtpWriter struct {
 	Username           string   `json:"Username"`
 	Password           string   `json:"password"`
@@ -22,10 +22,21 @@ type SmtpWriter struct {
 	Level              int      `json:"level"`
 }
 
+// create smtp writer.
 func NewSmtpWriter() LoggerInterface {
 	return &SmtpWriter{Level: LevelTrace}
 }
 
+// init smtp writer with json config.
+// config like:
+//	{
+//		"Username":"example@gmail.com",
+//		"password:"password",
+//		"host":"smtp.gmail.com:465",
+//		"subject":"email title",
+//		"sendTos":["email1","email2"],
+//		"level":LevelError
+//	}
 func (s *SmtpWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonconfig), s)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -34,6 +45,8 @@ func (s *SmtpWriter) Init(jsonconfig string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// write message in smtp writer.
+// it will send an email with subject and only this message.
 func (s *SmtpWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	if level < s.Level {
 		return nil
@@ -65,9 +78,12 @@ func (s *SmtpWriter) WriteMsg(msg string, level int) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// implementing method. empty.
 func (s *SmtpWriter) Flush() {
 	return
 }
+
+// implementing method. empty.
 func (s *SmtpWriter) Destroy() {
 	return
 }

memzipfile.go

@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"compress/flate"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"errors"
-	//"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
 var gmfim map[string]*MemFileInfo = make(map[string]*MemFileInfo)
+var lock sync.RWMutex
 
 // OpenMemZipFile returns MemFile object with a compressed static file.
 // it's used for serve static file if gzip enable.
@@ -32,12 +33,12 @@ func OpenMemZipFile(path string, zip string) (*MemFile, error) {
 
 	modtime := osfileinfo.ModTime()
 	fileSize := osfileinfo.Size()
-
+	lock.RLock()
 	cfi, ok := gmfim[zip+":"+path]
+	lock.RUnlock()
 	if ok && cfi.ModTime() == modtime && cfi.fileSize == fileSize {
-		//fmt.Printf("read %s file %s from cache\n", zip, path)
+
 	} else {
-		//fmt.Printf("NOT read %s file %s from cache\n", zip, path)
 		var content []byte
 		if zip == "gzip" {
 			//将文件内容压缩到zipbuf中
@@ -81,8 +82,9 @@ func OpenMemZipFile(path string, zip string) (*MemFile, error) {
 		}
 
 		cfi = &MemFileInfo{osfileinfo, modtime, content, int64(len(content)), fileSize}
+		lock.Lock()
+		defer lock.Unlock()
 		gmfim[zip+":"+path] = cfi
-		//fmt.Printf("%s file %s to %d, cache it\n", zip, path, len(content))
 	}
 	return &MemFile{fi: cfi, offset: 0}, nil
 }

middleware/error.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ var tpl = `
 </html>
 `
 
+// render default application error page with error and stack string.
 func ShowErr(err interface{}, rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, Stack string) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(tpl)
 	data := make(map[string]string)
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ func ShowErr(err interface{}, rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, Stack str
 	data["Stack"] = Stack
 	data["BeegoVersion"] = VERSION
 	data["GoVersion"] = runtime.Version()
+	rw.WriteHeader(500)
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
@@ -174,18 +176,19 @@ var errtpl = `
 </html>
 `
 
+// map of http handlers for each error string.
 var ErrorMaps map[string]http.HandlerFunc
 
 func init() {
 	ErrorMaps = make(map[string]http.HandlerFunc)
 }
 
-//404
+// show 404 notfound error.
 func NotFound(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(errtpl)
 	data := make(map[string]interface{})
 	data["Title"] = "Page Not Found"
-	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The Page You have requested flown the coop." +
+	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The page you have requested has flown the coop." +
 		"<br>Perhaps you are here because:" +
 		"<br><br><ul>" +
 		"<br>The page has moved" +
@@ -198,28 +201,28 @@ func NotFound(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
-//401
+// show 401 unauthorized error.
 func Unauthorized(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(errtpl)
 	data := make(map[string]interface{})
 	data["Title"] = "Unauthorized"
-	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The Page You have requested can't authorized." +
+	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The page you have requested can't be authorized." +
 		"<br>Perhaps you are here because:" +
 		"<br><br><ul>" +
-		"<br>Check the credentials that you supplied" +
+		"<br>The credentials you supplied are incorrect" +
-		"<br>Check the address for errors" +
+		"<br>There are errors in the website address" +
 		"</ul>")
 	data["BeegoVersion"] = VERSION
 	//rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
-//403
+// show 403 forbidden error.
 func Forbidden(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(errtpl)
 	data := make(map[string]interface{})
 	data["Title"] = "Forbidden"
-	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The Page You have requested forbidden." +
+	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The page you have requested is forbidden." +
 		"<br>Perhaps you are here because:" +
 		"<br><br><ul>" +
 		"<br>Your address may be blocked" +
@@ -231,12 +234,12 @@ func Forbidden(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
-//503
+// show 503 service unavailable error.
 func ServiceUnavailable(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(errtpl)
 	data := make(map[string]interface{})
 	data["Title"] = "Service Unavailable"
-	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The Page You have requested unavailable." +
+	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The page you have requested is unavailable." +
 		"<br>Perhaps you are here because:" +
 		"<br><br><ul>" +
 		"<br><br>The page is overloaded" +
@@ -247,30 +250,32 @@ func ServiceUnavailable(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
-//500
+// show 500 internal server error.
 func InternalServerError(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	t, _ := template.New("beegoerrortemp").Parse(errtpl)
 	data := make(map[string]interface{})
 	data["Title"] = "Internal Server Error"
-	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The Page You have requested has down now." +
+	data["Content"] = template.HTML("<br>The page you have requested is down right now." +
 		"<br><br><ul>" +
-		"<br>simply try again later" +
+		"<br>Please try again later and report the error to the website administrator" +
-		"<br>you should report the fault to the website administrator" +
+		"<br></ul>")
-		"</ul>")
 	data["BeegoVersion"] = VERSION
 	//rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	t.Execute(rw, data)
 }
 
+// show 500 internal error with simple text string.
 func SimpleServerError(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	http.Error(rw, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 }
 
+// add http handler for given error string.
 func Errorhandler(err string, h http.HandlerFunc) {
 	ErrorMaps[err] = h
 }
 
-func RegisterErrorHander() {
+// register default error http handlers, 404,401,403,500 and 503.
+func RegisterErrorHandler() {
 	if _, ok := ErrorMaps["404"]; !ok {
 		ErrorMaps["404"] = NotFound
 	}
@@ -292,6 +297,8 @@ func RegisterErrorHander() {
 	}
 }
 
+// show error string as simple text message.
+// if error string is empty, show 500 error as default.
 func Exception(errcode string, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, msg string) {
 	if h, ok := ErrorMaps[errcode]; ok {
 		isint, err := strconv.Atoi(errcode)

middleware/exceptions.go

@@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ package middleware
 
 import "fmt"
 
+// http exceptions
 type HTTPException struct {
 	StatusCode  int // http status code 4xx, 5xx
 	Description string
 }
 
+// return http exception error string, e.g. "400 Bad Request".
 func (e *HTTPException) Error() string {
-	// return `status description`, e.g. `400 Bad Request`
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", e.StatusCode, e.Description)
 }
 
+// map of http exceptions for each http status code int.
+// defined 400,401,403,404,405,500,502,503 and 504 default.
 var HTTPExceptionMaps map[int]HTTPException
 
 func init() {

mime.go

@@ -544,8 +544,9 @@ var mimemaps map[string]string = map[string]string{
 	".mustache":    "text/html",
 }
 
-func initMime() {
+func initMime() error {
 	for k, v := range mimemaps {
 		mime.AddExtensionType(k, v)
 	}
+	return nil
 }

orm/cmd.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ var (
 	commands = make(map[string]commander)
 )
 
+// print help.
 func printHelp(errs ...string) {
 	content := `orm command usage:
 
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ func printHelp(errs ...string) {
 	os.Exit(2)
 }
 
+// listen for orm command and then run it if command arguments passed.
 func RunCommand() {
 	if len(os.Args) < 2 || os.Args[1] != "orm" {
 		return
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ func RunCommand() {
 	}
 }
 
+// sync database struct command interface.
 type commandSyncDb struct {
 	al        *alias
 	force     bool
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ type commandSyncDb struct {
 	rtOnError bool
 }
 
+// parse orm command line arguments.
 func (d *commandSyncDb) Parse(args []string) {
 	var name string
 
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ func (d *commandSyncDb) Parse(args []string) {
 	d.al = getDbAlias(name)
 }
 
+// run orm line command.
 func (d *commandSyncDb) Run() error {
 	var drops []string
 	if d.force {
@@ -208,10 +213,12 @@ func (d *commandSyncDb) Run() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// database creation commander interface implement.
 type commandSqlAll struct {
 	al *alias
 }
 
+// parse orm command line arguments.
 func (d *commandSqlAll) Parse(args []string) {
 	var name string
 
@@ -222,6 +229,7 @@ func (d *commandSqlAll) Parse(args []string) {
 	d.al = getDbAlias(name)
 }
 
+// run orm line command.
 func (d *commandSqlAll) Run() error {
 	sqls, indexes := getDbCreateSql(d.al)
 	var all []string
@@ -243,6 +251,10 @@ func init() {
 	commands["sqlall"] = new(commandSqlAll)
 }
 
+// run syncdb command line.
+// name means table's alias name. default is "default".
+// force means run next sql if the current is error.
+// verbose means show all info when running command or not.
 func RunSyncdb(name string, force bool, verbose bool) error {
 	BootStrap()
 

orm/cmd_utils.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ type dbIndex struct {
 	Sql   string
 }
 
+// create database drop sql.
 func getDbDropSql(al *alias) (sqls []string) {
 	if len(modelCache.cache) == 0 {
 		fmt.Println("no Model found, need register your model")
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ func getDbDropSql(al *alias) (sqls []string) {
 	return sqls
 }
 
+// get database column type string.
 func getColumnTyp(al *alias, fi *fieldInfo) (col string) {
 	T := al.DbBaser.DbTypes()
 	fieldType := fi.fieldType
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ checkColumn:
 	return
 }
 
+// create alter sql string.
 func getColumnAddQuery(al *alias, fi *fieldInfo) string {
 	Q := al.DbBaser.TableQuote()
 	typ := getColumnTyp(al, fi)
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ func getColumnAddQuery(al *alias, fi *fieldInfo) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE %s%s%s ADD COLUMN %s%s%s %s", Q, fi.mi.table, Q, Q, fi.column, Q, typ)
 }
 
+// create database creation string.
 func getDbCreateSql(al *alias) (sqls []string, tableIndexes map[string][]dbIndex) {
 	if len(modelCache.cache) == 0 {
 		fmt.Println("no Model found, need register your model")

orm/db.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var (
-	ErrMissPK = errors.New("missed pk value")
+	ErrMissPK = errors.New("missed pk value") // missing pk error
 )
 
 var (
@@ -45,13 +45,22 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+// an instance of dbBaser interface/
 type dbBase struct {
 	ins dbBaser
 }
 
+// check dbBase implements dbBaser interface.
 var _ dbBaser = new(dbBase)
 
-func (d *dbBase) collectValues(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, cols []string, skipAuto bool, insert bool, tz *time.Location) (columns []string, values []interface{}, err error) {
+// get struct columns values as interface slice.
+func (d *dbBase) collectValues(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, cols []string, skipAuto bool, insert bool, names *[]string, tz *time.Location) (values []interface{}, err error) {
+	var columns []string
+
+	if names != nil {
+		columns = *names
+	}
+
 	for _, column := range cols {
 		var fi *fieldInfo
 		if fi, _ = mi.fields.GetByAny(column); fi != nil {
@@ -64,14 +73,24 @@ func (d *dbBase) collectValues(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, cols []string,
 		}
 		value, err := d.collectFieldValue(mi, fi, ind, insert, tz)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		columns = append(columns, column)
+
+		if names != nil {
+			columns = append(columns, column)
+		}
+
 		values = append(values, value)
 	}
+
+	if names != nil {
+		*names = columns
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 
+// get one field value in struct column as interface.
 func (d *dbBase) collectFieldValue(mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, ind reflect.Value, insert bool, tz *time.Location) (interface{}, error) {
 	var value interface{}
 	if fi.pk {
@@ -140,6 +159,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) collectFieldValue(mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, ind reflect.Val
 	return value, nil
 }
 
+// create insert sql preparation statement object.
 func (d *dbBase) PrepareInsert(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo) (stmtQuerier, string, error) {
 	Q := d.ins.TableQuote()
 
@@ -165,8 +185,9 @@ func (d *dbBase) PrepareInsert(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo) (stmtQuerier, string,
 	return stmt, query, err
 }
 
+// insert struct with prepared statement and given struct reflect value.
 func (d *dbBase) InsertStmt(stmt stmtQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
-	_, values, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, tz)
+	values, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, nil, tz)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
@@ -185,6 +206,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) InsertStmt(stmt stmtQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value,
 	}
 }
 
+// query sql ,read records and persist in dbBaser.
 func (d *dbBase) Read(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location, cols []string) error {
 	var whereCols []string
 	var args []interface{}
@@ -192,7 +214,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) Read(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Lo
 	// if specify cols length > 0, then use it for where condition.
 	if len(cols) > 0 {
 		var err error
-		whereCols, args, err = d.collectValues(mi, ind, cols, false, false, tz)
+		whereCols = make([]string, 0, len(cols))
+		args, err = d.collectValues(mi, ind, cols, false, false, &whereCols, tz)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -202,7 +225,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) Read(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Lo
 		if ok == false {
 			return ErrMissPK
 		}
-		whereCols = append(whereCols, pkColumn)
+		whereCols = []string{pkColumn}
 		args = append(args, pkValue)
 	}
 
@@ -243,16 +266,77 @@ func (d *dbBase) Read(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Lo
 	return nil
 }
 
+// execute insert sql dbQuerier with given struct reflect.Value.
 func (d *dbBase) Insert(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
-	names, values, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, tz)
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(mi.fields.dbcols)-1)
+	values, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, &names, tz)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
-	return d.InsertValue(q, mi, names, values)
+	return d.InsertValue(q, mi, false, names, values)
 }
 
-func (d *dbBase) InsertValue(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, names []string, values []interface{}) (int64, error) {
+// multi-insert sql with given slice struct reflect.Value.
+func (d *dbBase) InsertMulti(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, sind reflect.Value, bulk int, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
+	var (
+		cnt    int64
+		nums   int
+		values []interface{}
+		names  []string
+	)
+
+	// typ := reflect.Indirect(mi.addrField).Type()
+
+	length := sind.Len()
+
+	for i := 1; i <= length; i++ {
+
+		ind := reflect.Indirect(sind.Index(i - 1))
+
+		// Is this needed ?
+		// if !ind.Type().AssignableTo(typ) {
+		// 	return cnt, ErrArgs
+		// }
+
+		if i == 1 {
+			vus, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, &names, tz)
+			if err != nil {
+				return cnt, err
+			}
+			values = make([]interface{}, bulk*len(vus))
+			nums += copy(values, vus)
+
+		} else {
+
+			vus, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, nil, tz)
+			if err != nil {
+				return cnt, err
+			}
+
+			if len(vus) != len(names) {
+				return cnt, ErrArgs
+			}
+
+			nums += copy(values[nums:], vus)
+		}
+
+		if i > 1 && i%bulk == 0 || length == i {
+			num, err := d.InsertValue(q, mi, true, names, values[:nums])
+			if err != nil {
+				return cnt, err
+			}
+			cnt += num
+			nums = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+// execute insert sql with given struct and given values.
+// insert the given values, not the field values in struct.
+func (d *dbBase) InsertValue(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, isMulti bool, names []string, values []interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	Q := d.ins.TableQuote()
 
 	marks := make([]string, len(names))
@@ -264,36 +348,51 @@ func (d *dbBase) InsertValue(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, names []string, values
 	qmarks := strings.Join(marks, ", ")
 	columns := strings.Join(names, sep)
 
+	multi := len(values) / len(names)
+
+	if isMulti {
+		qmarks = strings.Repeat(qmarks+"), (", multi-1) + qmarks
+	}
+
 	query := fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO %s%s%s (%s%s%s) VALUES (%s)", Q, mi.table, Q, Q, columns, Q, qmarks)
 
 	d.ins.ReplaceMarks(&query)
 
-	if d.ins.HasReturningID(mi, &query) {
+	if isMulti || !d.ins.HasReturningID(mi, &query) {
-		row := q.QueryRow(query, values...)
-		var id int64
-		err := row.Scan(&id)
-		return id, err
-	} else {
 		if res, err := q.Exec(query, values...); err == nil {
+			if isMulti {
+				return res.RowsAffected()
+			}
 			return res.LastInsertId()
 		} else {
 			return 0, err
 		}
+	} else {
+		row := q.QueryRow(query, values...)
+		var id int64
+		err := row.Scan(&id)
+		return id, err
 	}
 }
 
+// execute update sql dbQuerier with given struct reflect.Value.
 func (d *dbBase) Update(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location, cols []string) (int64, error) {
 	pkName, pkValue, ok := getExistPk(mi, ind)
 	if ok == false {
 		return 0, ErrMissPK
 	}
 
+	var setNames []string
+
 	// if specify cols length is zero, then commit all columns.
 	if len(cols) == 0 {
 		cols = mi.fields.dbcols
+		setNames = make([]string, 0, len(mi.fields.dbcols)-1)
+	} else {
+		setNames = make([]string, 0, len(cols))
 	}
 
-	setNames, setValues, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, cols, true, false, tz)
+	setValues, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, cols, true, false, &setNames, tz)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
@@ -317,6 +416,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) Update(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+// execute delete sql dbQuerier with given struct reflect.Value.
+// delete index is pk.
 func (d *dbBase) Delete(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
 	pkName, pkValue, ok := getExistPk(mi, ind)
 	if ok == false {
@@ -358,6 +459,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) Delete(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+// update table-related record by querySet.
+// need querySet not struct reflect.Value to update related records.
 func (d *dbBase) UpdateBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition, params Params, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
 	columns := make([]string, 0, len(params))
 	values := make([]interface{}, 0, len(params))
@@ -433,6 +536,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) UpdateBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Con
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+// delete related records.
+// do UpdateBanch or DeleteBanch by condition of tables' relationship.
 func (d *dbBase) deleteRels(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, args []interface{}, tz *time.Location) error {
 	for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsReverse {
 		fi = fi.reverseFieldInfo
@@ -459,8 +564,11 @@ func (d *dbBase) deleteRels(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, args []interface{}, tz *
 	return nil
 }
 
+// delete table-related records.
 func (d *dbBase) DeleteBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
 	tables := newDbTables(mi, d.ins)
+	tables.skipEnd = true
+
 	if qs != nil {
 		tables.parseRelated(qs.related, qs.relDepth)
 	}
@@ -486,6 +594,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) DeleteBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Con
 		rs = r
 	}
 
+	defer rs.Close()
+
 	var ref interface{}
 
 	args = make([]interface{}, 0)
@@ -532,6 +642,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) DeleteBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Con
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+// read related records.
 func (d *dbBase) ReadBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition, container interface{}, tz *time.Location, cols []string) (int64, error) {
 
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(container)
@@ -640,6 +751,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) ReadBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condi
 		refs[i] = &ref
 	}
 
+	defer rs.Close()
+
 	slice := ind
 
 	var cnt int64
@@ -739,6 +852,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) ReadBatch(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condi
 	return cnt, nil
 }
 
+// excute count sql and return count result int64.
 func (d *dbBase) Count(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition, tz *time.Location) (cnt int64, err error) {
 	tables := newDbTables(mi, d.ins)
 	tables.parseRelated(qs.related, qs.relDepth)
@@ -759,6 +873,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) Count(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition
 	return
 }
 
+// generate sql with replacing operator string placeholders and replaced values.
 func (d *dbBase) GenerateOperatorSql(mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, operator string, args []interface{}, tz *time.Location) (string, []interface{}) {
 	sql := ""
 	params := getFlatParams(fi, args, tz)
@@ -812,10 +927,12 @@ func (d *dbBase) GenerateOperatorSql(mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, operator stri
 	return sql, params
 }
 
+// gernerate sql string with inner function, such as UPPER(text).
 func (d *dbBase) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(*fieldInfo, string, *string) {
 	// default not use
 }
 
+// set values to struct column.
 func (d *dbBase) setColsValues(mi *modelInfo, ind *reflect.Value, cols []string, values []interface{}, tz *time.Location) {
 	for i, column := range cols {
 		val := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(values[i])).Interface()
@@ -837,6 +954,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) setColsValues(mi *modelInfo, ind *reflect.Value, cols []string,
 	}
 }
 
+// convert value from database result to value following in field type.
 func (d *dbBase) convertValueFromDB(fi *fieldInfo, val interface{}, tz *time.Location) (interface{}, error) {
 	if val == nil {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -989,6 +1107,7 @@ end:
 
 }
 
+// set one value to struct column field.
 func (d *dbBase) setFieldValue(fi *fieldInfo, value interface{}, field reflect.Value) (interface{}, error) {
 
 	fieldType := fi.fieldType
@@ -1063,6 +1182,7 @@ setValue:
 	return value, nil
 }
 
+// query sql, read values , save to *[]ParamList.
 func (d *dbBase) ReadValues(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Condition, exprs []string, container interface{}, tz *time.Location) (int64, error) {
 
 	var (
@@ -1150,6 +1270,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) ReadValues(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Cond
 		refs[i] = &ref
 	}
 
+	defer rs.Close()
+
 	var (
 		cnt     int64
 		columns []string
@@ -1228,6 +1350,11 @@ func (d *dbBase) ReadValues(q dbQuerier, qs *querySet, mi *modelInfo, cond *Cond
 	return cnt, nil
 }
 
+func (d *dbBase) RowsTo(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, string, string, *time.Location) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// flag of update joined record.
 func (d *dbBase) SupportUpdateJoin() bool {
 	return true
 }
@@ -1236,30 +1363,37 @@ func (d *dbBase) MaxLimit() uint64 {
 	return 18446744073709551615
 }
 
+// return quote.
 func (d *dbBase) TableQuote() string {
 	return "`"
 }
 
+// replace value placeholer in parametered sql string.
 func (d *dbBase) ReplaceMarks(query *string) {
 	// default use `?` as mark, do nothing
 }
 
+// flag of RETURNING sql.
 func (d *dbBase) HasReturningID(*modelInfo, *string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// convert time from db.
 func (d *dbBase) TimeFromDB(t *time.Time, tz *time.Location) {
 	*t = t.In(tz)
 }
 
+// convert time to db.
 func (d *dbBase) TimeToDB(t *time.Time, tz *time.Location) {
 	*t = t.In(tz)
 }
 
+// get database types.
 func (d *dbBase) DbTypes() map[string]string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// gt all tables.
 func (d *dbBase) GetTables(db dbQuerier) (map[string]bool, error) {
 	tables := make(map[string]bool)
 	query := d.ins.ShowTablesQuery()
@@ -1268,6 +1402,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) GetTables(db dbQuerier) (map[string]bool, error) {
 		return tables, err
 	}
 
+	defer rows.Close()
+
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var table string
 		err := rows.Scan(&table)
@@ -1282,6 +1418,7 @@ func (d *dbBase) GetTables(db dbQuerier) (map[string]bool, error) {
 	return tables, nil
 }
 
+// get all cloumns in table.
 func (d *dbBase) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]string, error) {
 	columns := make(map[string][3]string)
 	query := d.ins.ShowColumnsQuery(table)
@@ -1290,6 +1427,8 @@ func (d *dbBase) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]string, e
 		return columns, err
 	}
 
+	defer rows.Close()
+
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var (
 			name string
@@ -1306,18 +1445,22 @@ func (d *dbBase) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]string, e
 	return columns, nil
 }
 
+// not implement.
 func (d *dbBase) OperatorSql(operator string) string {
 	panic(ErrNotImplement)
 }
 
+// not implement.
 func (d *dbBase) ShowTablesQuery() string {
 	panic(ErrNotImplement)
 }
 
+// not implement.
 func (d *dbBase) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
 	panic(ErrNotImplement)
 }
 
+// not implement.
 func (d *dbBase) IndexExists(dbQuerier, string, string) bool {
 	panic(ErrNotImplement)
 }

orm/db_alias.go

@@ -3,33 +3,37 @@ package orm
 import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
+// database driver constant int.
 type DriverType int
 
 const (
-	_ DriverType = iota
+	_           DriverType = iota // int enum type
-	DR_MySQL
+	DR_MySQL                      // mysql
-	DR_Sqlite
+	DR_Sqlite                     // sqlite
-	DR_Oracle
+	DR_Oracle                     // oracle
-	DR_Postgres
+	DR_Postgres                   // pgsql
 )
 
+// database driver string.
 type driver string
 
+// get type constant int of current driver..
 func (d driver) Type() DriverType {
 	a, _ := dataBaseCache.get(string(d))
 	return a.Driver
 }
 
+// get name of current driver
 func (d driver) Name() string {
 	return string(d)
 }
 
+// check driver iis implemented Driver interface or not.
 var _ Driver = new(driver)
 
 var (
@@ -47,11 +51,13 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+// database alias cacher.
 type _dbCache struct {
 	mux   sync.RWMutex
 	cache map[string]*alias
 }
 
+// add database alias with original name.
 func (ac *_dbCache) add(name string, al *alias) (added bool) {
 	ac.mux.Lock()
 	defer ac.mux.Unlock()
@@ -62,6 +68,7 @@ func (ac *_dbCache) add(name string, al *alias) (added bool) {
 	return
 }
 
+// get database alias if cached.
 func (ac *_dbCache) get(name string) (al *alias, ok bool) {
 	ac.mux.RLock()
 	defer ac.mux.RUnlock()
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ func (ac *_dbCache) get(name string) (al *alias, ok bool) {
 	return
 }
 
+// get default alias.
 func (ac *_dbCache) getDefault() (al *alias) {
 	al, _ = ac.get("default")
 	return
@@ -87,57 +95,29 @@ type alias struct {
 	Engine       string
 }
 
-// Setting the database connect params. Use the database driver self dataSource args.
+func detectTZ(al *alias) {
-func RegisterDataBase(aliasName, driverName, dataSource string, params ...int) {
-	al := new(alias)
-	al.Name = aliasName
-	al.DriverName = driverName
-	al.DataSource = dataSource
-
-	var (
-		err error
-	)
-
-	if dr, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok {
-		al.DbBaser = dbBasers[dr]
-		al.Driver = dr
-	} else {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("driver name `%s` have not registered", driverName)
-		goto end
-	}
-
-	if dataBaseCache.add(aliasName, al) == false {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("db name `%s` already registered, cannot reuse", aliasName)
-		goto end
-	}
-
-	al.DB, err = sql.Open(driverName, dataSource)
-	if err != nil {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("register db `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
-		goto end
-	}
-
 	// orm timezone system match database
 	// default use Local
 	al.TZ = time.Local
 
+	if al.DriverName == "sphinx" {
+		return
+	}
+
 	switch al.Driver {
 	case DR_MySQL:
-		row := al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT @@session.time_zone")
+		row := al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT TIMEDIFF(NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP)")
 		var tz string
 		row.Scan(&tz)
-		if tz == "SYSTEM" {
+		if len(tz) >= 8 {
-			tz = ""
+			if tz[0] != '-' {
-			row = al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT @@system_time_zone")
+				tz = "+" + tz
-			row.Scan(&tz)
-			t, err := time.Parse("MST", tz)
-			if err == nil {
-				al.TZ = t.Location()
 			}
-		} else {
+			t, err := time.Parse("-07:00:00", tz)
-			t, err := time.Parse("-07:00", tz)
 			if err == nil {
 				al.TZ = t.Location()
+			} else {
+				DebugLog.Printf("Detect DB timezone: %s %s\n", tz, err.Error())
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -163,8 +143,64 @@ func RegisterDataBase(aliasName, driverName, dataSource string, params ...int) {
 		loc, err := time.LoadLocation(tz)
 		if err == nil {
 			al.TZ = loc
+		} else {
+			DebugLog.Printf("Detect DB timezone: %s %s\n", tz, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
+}
+
+func addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName string, db *sql.DB) (*alias, error) {
+	al := new(alias)
+	al.Name = aliasName
+	al.DriverName = driverName
+	al.DB = db
+
+	if dr, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok {
+		al.DbBaser = dbBasers[dr]
+		al.Driver = dr
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("driver name `%s` have not registered", driverName)
+	}
+
+	err := db.Ping()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register db Ping `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if dataBaseCache.add(aliasName, al) == false {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("db name `%s` already registered, cannot reuse", aliasName)
+	}
+
+	return al, nil
+}
+
+func AddAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName string, db *sql.DB) error {
+	_, err := addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName, db)
+	return err
+}
+
+// Setting the database connect params. Use the database driver self dataSource args.
+func RegisterDataBase(aliasName, driverName, dataSource string, params ...int) error {
+	var (
+		err error
+		db  *sql.DB
+		al  *alias
+	)
+
+	db, err = sql.Open(driverName, dataSource)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("register db `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	al, err = addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	al.DataSource = dataSource
+
+	detectTZ(al)
 
 	for i, v := range params {
 		switch i {
@@ -175,39 +211,37 @@ func RegisterDataBase(aliasName, driverName, dataSource string, params ...int) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	err = al.DB.Ping()
-	if err != nil {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("register db `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
-		goto end
-	}
-
 end:
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println(err.Error())
+		if db != nil {
-		os.Exit(2)
+			db.Close()
+		}
+		DebugLog.Println(err.Error())
 	}
+
+	return err
 }
 
 // Register a database driver use specify driver name, this can be definition the driver is which database type.
-func RegisterDriver(driverName string, typ DriverType) {
+func RegisterDriver(driverName string, typ DriverType) error {
 	if t, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok == false {
 		drivers[driverName] = typ
 	} else {
 		if t != typ {
-			fmt.Sprintf("driverName `%s` db driver already registered and is other type\n", driverName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("driverName `%s` db driver already registered and is other type\n", driverName)
-			os.Exit(2)
 		}
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Change the database default used timezone
-func SetDataBaseTZ(aliasName string, tz *time.Location) {
+func SetDataBaseTZ(aliasName string, tz *time.Location) error {
 	if al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(aliasName); ok {
 		al.TZ = tz
 	} else {
-		fmt.Sprintf("DataBase name `%s` not registered\n", aliasName)
+		return fmt.Errorf("DataBase name `%s` not registered\n", aliasName)
-		os.Exit(2)
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Change the max idle conns for *sql.DB, use specify database alias name

orm/db_mysql.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 )
 
+// mysql operators.
 var mysqlOperators = map[string]string{
 	"exact":     "= ?",
 	"iexact":    "LIKE ?",
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ var mysqlOperators = map[string]string{
 	"iendswith":   "LIKE ?",
 }
 
+// mysql column field types.
 var mysqlTypes = map[string]string{
 	"auto":            "AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
 	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
@@ -41,29 +43,35 @@ var mysqlTypes = map[string]string{
 	"float64-decimal": "numeric(%d, %d)",
 }
 
+// mysql dbBaser implementation.
 type dbBaseMysql struct {
 	dbBase
 }
 
 var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseMysql)
 
+// get mysql operator.
 func (d *dbBaseMysql) OperatorSql(operator string) string {
 	return mysqlOperators[operator]
 }
 
+// get mysql table field types.
 func (d *dbBaseMysql) DbTypes() map[string]string {
 	return mysqlTypes
 }
 
+// show table sql for mysql.
 func (d *dbBaseMysql) ShowTablesQuery() string {
 	return "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'BASE TABLE' AND table_schema = DATABASE()"
 }
 
+// show columns sql of table for mysql.
 func (d *dbBaseMysql) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE FROM information_schema.columns "+
 		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = '%s'", table)
 }
 
+// execute sql to check index exist.
 func (d *dbBaseMysql) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
 	row := db.QueryRow("SELECT count(*) FROM information_schema.statistics "+
 		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = ? AND index_name = ?", table, name)
@@ -72,6 +80,7 @@ func (d *dbBaseMysql) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool
 	return cnt > 0
 }
 
+// create new mysql dbBaser.
 func newdbBaseMysql() dbBaser {
 	b := new(dbBaseMysql)
 	b.ins = b

orm/db_oracle.go

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package orm
 
+// oracle dbBaser
 type dbBaseOracle struct {
 	dbBase
 }
 
 var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseOracle)
 
+// create oracle dbBaser.
 func newdbBaseOracle() dbBaser {
 	b := new(dbBaseOracle)
 	b.ins = b

orm/db_postgres.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 )
 
+// postgresql operators.
 var postgresOperators = map[string]string{
 	"exact":       "= ?",
 	"iexact":      "= UPPER(?)",
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ var postgresOperators = map[string]string{
 	"iendswith":   "LIKE UPPER(?)",
 }
 
+// postgresql column field types.
 var postgresTypes = map[string]string{
 	"auto":            "serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
 	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
@@ -40,16 +42,19 @@ var postgresTypes = map[string]string{
 	"float64-decimal": "numeric(%d, %d)",
 }
 
+// postgresql dbBaser.
 type dbBasePostgres struct {
 	dbBase
 }
 
 var _ dbBaser = new(dbBasePostgres)
 
+// get postgresql operator.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) OperatorSql(operator string) string {
 	return postgresOperators[operator]
 }
 
+// generate functioned sql string, such as contains(text).
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi *fieldInfo, operator string, leftCol *string) {
 	switch operator {
 	case "contains", "startswith", "endswith":
@@ -59,6 +64,7 @@ func (d *dbBasePostgres) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi *fieldInfo, operator string,
 	}
 }
 
+// postgresql unsupports updating joined record.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) SupportUpdateJoin() bool {
 	return false
 }
@@ -67,10 +73,13 @@ func (d *dbBasePostgres) MaxLimit() uint64 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+// postgresql quote is ".
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) TableQuote() string {
 	return `"`
 }
 
+// postgresql value placeholder is $n.
+// replace default ? to $n.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) ReplaceMarks(query *string) {
 	q := *query
 	num := 0
@@ -97,6 +106,7 @@ func (d *dbBasePostgres) ReplaceMarks(query *string) {
 	*query = string(data)
 }
 
+// make returning sql support for postgresql.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) HasReturningID(mi *modelInfo, query *string) (has bool) {
 	if mi.fields.pk.auto {
 		if query != nil {
@@ -107,18 +117,22 @@ func (d *dbBasePostgres) HasReturningID(mi *modelInfo, query *string) (has bool)
 	return
 }
 
+// show table sql for postgresql.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) ShowTablesQuery() string {
 	return "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'BASE TABLE' AND table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')"
 }
 
+// show table columns sql for postgresql.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns where table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema') and table_name = '%s'", table)
 }
 
+// get column types of postgresql.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) DbTypes() map[string]string {
 	return postgresTypes
 }
 
+// check index exist in postgresql.
 func (d *dbBasePostgres) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
 	query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = '%s' AND indexname = '%s'", table, name)
 	row := db.QueryRow(query)
@@ -127,6 +141,7 @@ func (d *dbBasePostgres) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bo
 	return cnt > 0
 }
 
+// create new postgresql dbBaser.
 func newdbBasePostgres() dbBaser {
 	b := new(dbBasePostgres)
 	b.ins = b

orm/db_sqlite.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 )
 
+// sqlite operators.
 var sqliteOperators = map[string]string{
 	"exact":       "= ?",
 	"iexact":      "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ var sqliteOperators = map[string]string{
 	"iendswith":   "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
 }
 
+// sqlite column types.
 var sqliteTypes = map[string]string{
 	"auto":            "integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT",
 	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
@@ -40,38 +42,47 @@ var sqliteTypes = map[string]string{
 	"float64-decimal": "decimal",
 }
 
+// sqlite dbBaser.
 type dbBaseSqlite struct {
 	dbBase
 }
 
 var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseSqlite)
 
+// get sqlite operator.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) OperatorSql(operator string) string {
 	return sqliteOperators[operator]
 }
 
+// generate functioned sql for sqlite.
+// only support DATE(text).
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi *fieldInfo, operator string, leftCol *string) {
 	if fi.fieldType == TypeDateField {
 		*leftCol = fmt.Sprintf("DATE(%s)", *leftCol)
 	}
 }
 
+// unable updating joined record in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) SupportUpdateJoin() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// max int in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) MaxLimit() uint64 {
 	return 9223372036854775807
 }
 
+// get column types in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) DbTypes() map[string]string {
 	return sqliteTypes
 }
 
+// get show tables sql in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) ShowTablesQuery() string {
 	return "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'"
 }
 
+// get columns in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]string, error) {
 	query := d.ins.ShowColumnsQuery(table)
 	rows, err := db.Query(query)
@@ -92,10 +103,12 @@ func (d *dbBaseSqlite) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]str
 	return columns, nil
 }
 
+// get show columns sql in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("pragma table_info('%s')", table)
 }
 
+// check index exist in sqlite.
 func (d *dbBaseSqlite) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
 	query := fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA index_list('%s')", table)
 	rows, err := db.Query(query)
@@ -113,6 +126,7 @@ func (d *dbBaseSqlite) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool
 	return false
 }
 
+// create new sqlite dbBaser.
 func newdbBaseSqlite() dbBaser {
 	b := new(dbBaseSqlite)
 	b.ins = b

orm/db_tables.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// table info struct.
 type dbTable struct {
 	id    int
 	index string
@@ -18,13 +19,17 @@ type dbTable struct {
 	jtl   *dbTable
 }
 
+// tables collection struct, contains some tables.
 type dbTables struct {
 	tablesM map[string]*dbTable
 	tables  []*dbTable
 	mi      *modelInfo
 	base    dbBaser
+	skipEnd bool
 }
 
+// set table info to collection.
+// if not exist, create new.
 func (t *dbTables) set(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool) *dbTable {
 	name := strings.Join(names, ExprSep)
 	if j, ok := t.tablesM[name]; ok {
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) set(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool)
 	return t.tablesM[name]
 }
 
+// add table info to collection.
 func (t *dbTables) add(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool) (*dbTable, bool) {
 	name := strings.Join(names, ExprSep)
 	if _, ok := t.tablesM[name]; ok == false {
@@ -53,11 +59,14 @@ func (t *dbTables) add(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool)
 	return t.tablesM[name], false
 }
 
+// get table info in collection.
 func (t *dbTables) get(name string) (*dbTable, bool) {
 	j, ok := t.tablesM[name]
 	return j, ok
 }
 
+// get related fields info in recursive depth loop.
+// loop once, depth decreases one.
 func (t *dbTables) loopDepth(depth int, prefix string, fi *fieldInfo, related []string) []string {
 	if depth < 0 || fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany {
 		return related
@@ -78,6 +87,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) loopDepth(depth int, prefix string, fi *fieldInfo, related []
 	return related
 }
 
+// parse related fields.
 func (t *dbTables) parseRelated(rels []string, depth int) {
 
 	relsNum := len(rels)
@@ -111,7 +121,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) parseRelated(rels []string, depth int) {
 				names = append(names, fi.name)
 				mmi = fi.relModelInfo
 
-				if fi.null {
+				if fi.null || t.skipEnd {
 					inner = false
 				}
 
@@ -139,6 +149,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) parseRelated(rels []string, depth int) {
 	}
 }
 
+// generate join string.
 func (t *dbTables) getJoinSql() (join string) {
 	Q := t.base.TableQuote()
 
@@ -185,9 +196,12 @@ func (t *dbTables) getJoinSql() (join string) {
 	return
 }
 
+// parse orm model struct field tag expression.
 func (t *dbTables) parseExprs(mi *modelInfo, exprs []string) (index, name string, info *fieldInfo, success bool) {
 	var (
 		jtl *dbTable
+		fi  *fieldInfo
+		fiN *fieldInfo
 		mmi = mi
 	)
 
@@ -196,9 +210,22 @@ func (t *dbTables) parseExprs(mi *modelInfo, exprs []string) (index, name string
 
 	inner := true
 
+loopFor:
 	for i, ex := range exprs {
 
-		fi, ok := mmi.fields.GetByAny(ex)
+		var ok, okN bool
+
+		if fiN != nil {
+			fi = fiN
+			ok = true
+			fiN = nil
+		}
+
+		if i == 0 {
+			fi, ok = mmi.fields.GetByAny(ex)
+		}
+
+		_ = okN
 
 		if ok {
 
@@ -216,44 +243,61 @@ func (t *dbTables) parseExprs(mi *modelInfo, exprs []string) (index, name string
 				mmi = fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi
 			}
 
+			if i < num {
+				fiN, okN = mmi.fields.GetByAny(exprs[i+1])
+			}
+
 			if isRel && (fi.mi.isThrough == false || num != i) {
-				if fi.null {
+				if fi.null || t.skipEnd {
 					inner = false
 				}
 
-				jt, _ := t.add(names, mmi, fi, inner)
+				if t.skipEnd && okN || !t.skipEnd {
-				jt.jtl = jtl
+					if t.skipEnd && okN && fiN.pk {
-				jtl = jt
+						goto loopEnd
-			}
-
-			if num == i {
-				if i == 0 || jtl == nil {
-					index = "T0"
-				} else {
-					index = jtl.index
-				}
-
-				info = fi
-
-				if jtl == nil {
-					name = fi.name
-				} else {
-					name = jtl.name + ExprSep + fi.name
-				}
-
-				switch {
-				case fi.rel:
-
-				case fi.reverse:
-					switch fi.reverseFieldInfo.fieldType {
-					case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey:
-						index = jtl.index
-						info = fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi.fields.pk
-						name = info.name
 					}
+
+					jt, _ := t.add(names, mmi, fi, inner)
+					jt.jtl = jtl
+					jtl = jt
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			if num != i {
+				continue
+			}
+
+		loopEnd:
+
+			if i == 0 || jtl == nil {
+				index = "T0"
+			} else {
+				index = jtl.index
+			}
+
+			info = fi
+
+			if jtl == nil {
+				name = fi.name
+			} else {
+				name = jtl.name + ExprSep + fi.name
+			}
+
+			switch {
+			case fi.rel:
+
+			case fi.reverse:
+				switch fi.reverseFieldInfo.fieldType {
+				case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey:
+					index = jtl.index
+					info = fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi.fields.pk
+					name = info.name
 				}
 			}
 
+			break loopFor
+
 		} else {
 			index = ""
 			name = ""
@@ -267,6 +311,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) parseExprs(mi *modelInfo, exprs []string) (index, name string
 	return
 }
 
+// generate condition sql.
 func (t *dbTables) getCondSql(cond *Condition, sub bool, tz *time.Location) (where string, params []interface{}) {
 	if cond == nil || cond.IsEmpty() {
 		return
@@ -331,6 +376,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) getCondSql(cond *Condition, sub bool, tz *time.Location) (whe
 	return
 }
 
+// generate order sql.
 func (t *dbTables) getOrderSql(orders []string) (orderSql string) {
 	if len(orders) == 0 {
 		return
@@ -359,6 +405,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) getOrderSql(orders []string) (orderSql string) {
 	return
 }
 
+// generate limit sql.
 func (t *dbTables) getLimitSql(mi *modelInfo, offset int64, limit int64) (limits string) {
 	if limit == 0 {
 		limit = int64(DefaultRowsLimit)
@@ -381,6 +428,7 @@ func (t *dbTables) getLimitSql(mi *modelInfo, offset int64, limit int64) (limits
 	return
 }
 
+// crete new tables collection.
 func newDbTables(mi *modelInfo, base dbBaser) *dbTables {
 	tables := &dbTables{}
 	tables.tablesM = make(map[string]*dbTable)

orm/db_utils.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// get table alias.
 func getDbAlias(name string) *alias {
 	if al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(name); ok {
 		return al
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ func getDbAlias(name string) *alias {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get pk column info.
 func getExistPk(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) (column string, value interface{}, exist bool) {
 	fi := mi.fields.pk
 
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ func getExistPk(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) (column string, value interfac
 	return
 }
 
+// get fields description as flatted string.
 func getFlatParams(fi *fieldInfo, args []interface{}, tz *time.Location) (params []interface{}) {
 
 outFor:

orm/models.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+// model info collection
 type _modelCache struct {
 	sync.RWMutex
 	orders    []string
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ type _modelCache struct {
 	done      bool
 }
 
+// get all model info
 func (mc *_modelCache) all() map[string]*modelInfo {
 	m := make(map[string]*modelInfo, len(mc.cache))
 	for k, v := range mc.cache {
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ func (mc *_modelCache) all() map[string]*modelInfo {
 	return m
 }
 
+// get orderd model info
 func (mc *_modelCache) allOrdered() []*modelInfo {
 	m := make([]*modelInfo, 0, len(mc.orders))
 	for _, table := range mc.orders {
@@ -65,16 +68,19 @@ func (mc *_modelCache) allOrdered() []*modelInfo {
 	return m
 }
 
+// get model info by table name
 func (mc *_modelCache) get(table string) (mi *modelInfo, ok bool) {
 	mi, ok = mc.cache[table]
 	return
 }
 
+// get model info by field name
 func (mc *_modelCache) getByFN(name string) (mi *modelInfo, ok bool) {
 	mi, ok = mc.cacheByFN[name]
 	return
 }
 
+// set model info to collection
 func (mc *_modelCache) set(table string, mi *modelInfo) *modelInfo {
 	mii := mc.cache[table]
 	mc.cache[table] = mi
@@ -85,6 +91,7 @@ func (mc *_modelCache) set(table string, mi *modelInfo) *modelInfo {
 	return mii
 }
 
+// clean all model info.
 func (mc *_modelCache) clean() {
 	mc.orders = make([]string, 0)
 	mc.cache = make(map[string]*modelInfo)

orm/models_boot.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
+// register models.
+// prefix means table name prefix.
 func registerModel(model interface{}, prefix string) {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(model)
 	ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ func registerModel(model interface{}, prefix string) {
 	modelCache.set(table, info)
 }
 
+// boostrap models
 func bootStrap() {
 	if modelCache.done {
 		return
@@ -281,6 +284,7 @@ end:
 	}
 }
 
+// register models
 func RegisterModel(models ...interface{}) {
 	if modelCache.done {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("RegisterModel must be run before BootStrap"))
@@ -302,6 +306,8 @@ func RegisterModelWithPrefix(prefix string, models ...interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
+// bootrap models.
+// make all model parsed and can not add more models
 func BootStrap() {
 	if modelCache.done {
 		return

orm/models_info_f.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 var errSkipField = errors.New("skip field")
 
+// field info collection
 type fields struct {
 	pk            *fieldInfo
 	columns       map[string]*fieldInfo
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ type fields struct {
 	dbcols        []string
 }
 
+// add field info
 func (f *fields) Add(fi *fieldInfo) (added bool) {
 	if f.fields[fi.name] == nil && f.columns[fi.column] == nil {
 		f.columns[fi.column] = fi
@@ -49,14 +51,17 @@ func (f *fields) Add(fi *fieldInfo) (added bool) {
 	return true
 }
 
+// get field info by name
 func (f *fields) GetByName(name string) *fieldInfo {
 	return f.fields[name]
 }
 
+// get field info by column name
 func (f *fields) GetByColumn(column string) *fieldInfo {
 	return f.columns[column]
 }
 
+// get field info by string, name is prior
 func (f *fields) GetByAny(name string) (*fieldInfo, bool) {
 	if fi, ok := f.fields[name]; ok {
 		return fi, ok
@@ -70,6 +75,7 @@ func (f *fields) GetByAny(name string) (*fieldInfo, bool) {
 	return nil, false
 }
 
+// create new field info collection
 func newFields() *fields {
 	f := new(fields)
 	f.fields = make(map[string]*fieldInfo)
@@ -79,6 +85,7 @@ func newFields() *fields {
 	return f
 }
 
+// single field info
 type fieldInfo struct {
 	mi                  *modelInfo
 	fieldIndex          int
@@ -115,6 +122,7 @@ type fieldInfo struct {
 	onDelete            string
 }
 
+// new field info
 func newFieldInfo(mi *modelInfo, field reflect.Value, sf reflect.StructField) (fi *fieldInfo, err error) {
 	var (
 		tag       string

orm/models_info_m.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 )
 
+// single model info
 type modelInfo struct {
 	pkg       string
 	name      string
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ type modelInfo struct {
 	isThrough bool
 }
 
+// new model info
 func newModelInfo(val reflect.Value) (info *modelInfo) {
 	var (
 		err error
@@ -79,6 +81,8 @@ func newModelInfo(val reflect.Value) (info *modelInfo) {
 	return
 }
 
+// combine related model info to new model info.
+// prepare for relation models query.
 func newM2MModelInfo(m1, m2 *modelInfo) (info *modelInfo) {
 	info = new(modelInfo)
 	info.fields = newFields()

orm/models_utils.go

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// get reflect.Type name with package path.
 func getFullName(typ reflect.Type) string {
 	return typ.PkgPath() + "." + typ.Name()
 }
 
+// get table name. method, or field name. auto snaked.
 func getTableName(val reflect.Value) string {
 	ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
 	fun := val.MethodByName("TableName")
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ func getTableName(val reflect.Value) string {
 	return snakeString(ind.Type().Name())
 }
 
+// get table engine, mysiam or innodb.
 func getTableEngine(val reflect.Value) string {
 	fun := val.MethodByName("TableEngine")
 	if fun.IsValid() {
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ func getTableEngine(val reflect.Value) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// get table index from method.
 func getTableIndex(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
 	fun := val.MethodByName("TableIndex")
 	if fun.IsValid() {
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ func getTableIndex(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get table unique from method
 func getTableUnique(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
 	fun := val.MethodByName("TableUnique")
 	if fun.IsValid() {
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ func getTableUnique(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get snaked column name
 func getColumnName(ft int, addrField reflect.Value, sf reflect.StructField, col string) string {
 	col = strings.ToLower(col)
 	column := col
@@ -89,6 +95,7 @@ func getColumnName(ft int, addrField reflect.Value, sf reflect.StructField, col
 	return column
 }
 
+// return field type as type constant from reflect.Value
 func getFieldType(val reflect.Value) (ft int, err error) {
 	elm := reflect.Indirect(val)
 	switch elm.Kind() {
@@ -128,6 +135,7 @@ func getFieldType(val reflect.Value) (ft int, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
+// parse struct tag string
 func parseStructTag(data string, attrs *map[string]bool, tags *map[string]string) {
 	attr := make(map[string]bool)
 	tag := make(map[string]string)

orm/orm.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ var (
 	ErrMultiRows     = errors.New("<QuerySeter> return multi rows")
 	ErrNoRows        = errors.New("<QuerySeter> no row found")
 	ErrStmtClosed    = errors.New("<QuerySeter> stmt already closed")
+	ErrArgs          = errors.New("<Ormer> args error may be empty")
 	ErrNotImplement  = errors.New("have not implement")
 )
 
@@ -39,11 +40,12 @@ type orm struct {
 
 var _ Ormer = new(orm)
 
-func (o *orm) getMiInd(md interface{}) (mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) {
+// get model info and model reflect value
+func (o *orm) getMiInd(md interface{}, needPtr bool) (mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(md)
 	ind = reflect.Indirect(val)
 	typ := ind.Type()
-	if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+	if needPtr && val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> cannot use non-ptr model struct `%s`", getFullName(typ)))
 	}
 	name := getFullName(typ)
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ func (o *orm) getMiInd(md interface{}) (mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) {
 	panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> table: `%s` not found, maybe not RegisterModel", name))
 }
 
+// get field info from model info by given field name
 func (o *orm) getFieldInfo(mi *modelInfo, name string) *fieldInfo {
 	fi, ok := mi.fields.GetByAny(name)
 	if !ok {
@@ -61,8 +64,9 @@ func (o *orm) getFieldInfo(mi *modelInfo, name string) *fieldInfo {
 	return fi
 }
 
+// read data to model
 func (o *orm) Read(md interface{}, cols ...string) error {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	err := o.alias.DbBaser.Read(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -70,26 +74,83 @@ func (o *orm) Read(md interface{}, cols ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Try to read a row from the database, or insert one if it doesn't exist
+func (o *orm) ReadOrCreate(md interface{}, col1 string, cols ...string) (bool, int64, error) {
+	cols = append([]string{col1}, cols...)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	err := o.alias.DbBaser.Read(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols)
+	if err == ErrNoRows {
+		// Create
+		id, err := o.Insert(md)
+		return (err == nil), id, err
+	}
+
+	return false, ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).Int(), err
+}
+
+// insert model data to database
 func (o *orm) Insert(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	id, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Insert(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ)
 	if err != nil {
 		return id, err
 	}
-	if id > 0 {
+
-		if mi.fields.pk.auto {
+	o.setPk(mi, ind, id)
-			if mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPostiveIntegerField > 0 {
+
-				ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetUint(uint64(id))
-			} else {
-				ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetInt(id)
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	return id, nil
 }
 
+// set auto pk field
+func (o *orm) setPk(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, id int64) {
+	if mi.fields.pk.auto {
+		if mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPostiveIntegerField > 0 {
+			ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetUint(uint64(id))
+		} else {
+			ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetInt(id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// insert some models to database
+func (o *orm) InsertMulti(bulk int, mds interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	var cnt int64
+
+	sind := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(mds))
+
+	switch sind.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		if sind.Len() == 0 {
+			return cnt, ErrArgs
+		}
+	default:
+		return cnt, ErrArgs
+	}
+
+	if bulk <= 1 {
+		for i := 0; i < sind.Len(); i++ {
+			ind := sind.Index(i)
+			mi, _ := o.getMiInd(ind.Interface(), false)
+			id, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Insert(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ)
+			if err != nil {
+				return cnt, err
+			}
+
+			o.setPk(mi, ind, id)
+
+			cnt += 1
+		}
+	} else {
+		mi, _ := o.getMiInd(sind.Index(0).Interface(), false)
+		return o.alias.DbBaser.InsertMulti(o.db, mi, sind, bulk, o.alias.TZ)
+	}
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+// update model to database.
+// cols set the columns those want to update.
 func (o *orm) Update(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	num, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Update(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols)
 	if err != nil {
 		return num, err
@@ -97,26 +158,22 @@ func (o *orm) Update(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
 	return num, nil
 }
 
+// delete model in database
 func (o *orm) Delete(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	num, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Delete(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ)
 	if err != nil {
 		return num, err
 	}
 	if num > 0 {
-		if mi.fields.pk.auto {
+		o.setPk(mi, ind, 0)
-			if mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPostiveIntegerField > 0 {
-				ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetUint(0)
-			} else {
-				ind.Field(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetInt(0)
-			}
-		}
 	}
 	return num, nil
 }
 
+// create a models to models queryer
 func (o *orm) QueryM2M(md interface{}, name string) QueryM2Mer {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	fi := o.getFieldInfo(mi, name)
 
 	switch {
@@ -129,6 +186,14 @@ func (o *orm) QueryM2M(md interface{}, name string) QueryM2Mer {
 	return newQueryM2M(md, o, mi, fi, ind)
 }
 
+// load related models to md model.
+// args are limit, offset int and order string.
+//
+// example:
+// 	orm.LoadRelated(post,"Tags")
+// 	for _,tag := range post.Tags{...}
+//
+// make sure the relation is defined in model struct tags.
 func (o *orm) LoadRelated(md interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	_, fi, ind, qseter := o.queryRelated(md, name)
 
@@ -190,14 +255,21 @@ func (o *orm) LoadRelated(md interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) (int
 	return nums, err
 }
 
+// return a QuerySeter for related models to md model.
+// it can do all, update, delete in QuerySeter.
+// example:
+// 	qs := orm.QueryRelated(post,"Tag")
+//  qs.All(&[]*Tag{})
+//
 func (o *orm) QueryRelated(md interface{}, name string) QuerySeter {
 	// is this api needed ?
 	_, _, _, qs := o.queryRelated(md, name)
 	return qs
 }
 
+// get QuerySeter for related models to md model
 func (o *orm) queryRelated(md interface{}, name string) (*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, reflect.Value, QuerySeter) {
-	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
 	fi := o.getFieldInfo(mi, name)
 
 	_, _, exist := getExistPk(mi, ind)
@@ -227,6 +299,7 @@ func (o *orm) queryRelated(md interface{}, name string) (*modelInfo, *fieldInfo,
 	return mi, fi, ind, qs
 }
 
+// get reverse relation QuerySeter
 func (o *orm) getReverseQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *querySet {
 	switch fi.fieldType {
 	case RelReverseOne, RelReverseMany:
@@ -247,6 +320,7 @@ func (o *orm) getReverseQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *queryS
 	return q
 }
 
+// get relation QuerySeter
 func (o *orm) getRelQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *querySet {
 	switch fi.fieldType {
 	case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey, RelManyToMany:
@@ -266,6 +340,9 @@ func (o *orm) getRelQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *querySet {
 	return q
 }
 
+// return a QuerySeter for table operations.
+// table name can be string or struct.
+// e.g. QueryTable("user"), QueryTable(&user{}) or QueryTable((*User)(nil)),
 func (o *orm) QueryTable(ptrStructOrTableName interface{}) (qs QuerySeter) {
 	name := ""
 	if table, ok := ptrStructOrTableName.(string); ok {
@@ -285,6 +362,7 @@ func (o *orm) QueryTable(ptrStructOrTableName interface{}) (qs QuerySeter) {
 	return
 }
 
+// switch to another registered database driver by given name.
 func (o *orm) Using(name string) error {
 	if o.isTx {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer.Using> transaction has been start, cannot change db"))
@@ -302,6 +380,7 @@ func (o *orm) Using(name string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// begin transaction
 func (o *orm) Begin() error {
 	if o.isTx {
 		return ErrTxHasBegan
@@ -320,6 +399,7 @@ func (o *orm) Begin() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// commit transaction
 func (o *orm) Commit() error {
 	if o.isTx == false {
 		return ErrTxDone
@@ -334,6 +414,7 @@ func (o *orm) Commit() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// rollback transaction
 func (o *orm) Rollback() error {
 	if o.isTx == false {
 		return ErrTxDone
@@ -348,14 +429,23 @@ func (o *orm) Rollback() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// return a raw query seter for raw sql string.
 func (o *orm) Raw(query string, args ...interface{}) RawSeter {
 	return newRawSet(o, query, args)
 }
 
+// return current using database Driver
 func (o *orm) Driver() Driver {
 	return driver(o.alias.Name)
 }
 
+func (o *orm) GetDB() dbQuerier {
+	panic(ErrNotImplement)
+	// not enough
+	return o.db
+}
+
+// create new orm
 func NewOrm() Ormer {
 	BootStrap() // execute only once
 
@@ -366,3 +456,30 @@ func NewOrm() Ormer {
 	}
 	return o
 }
+
+// create a new ormer object with specify *sql.DB for query
+func NewOrmWithDB(driverName, aliasName string, db *sql.DB) (Ormer, error) {
+	var al *alias
+
+	if dr, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok {
+		al = new(alias)
+		al.DbBaser = dbBasers[dr]
+		al.Driver = dr
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("driver name `%s` have not registered", driverName)
+	}
+
+	al.Name = aliasName
+	al.DriverName = driverName
+
+	o := new(orm)
+	o.alias = al
+
+	if Debug {
+		o.db = newDbQueryLog(o.alias, db)
+	} else {
+		o.db = db
+	}
+
+	return o, nil
+}

orm/orm_conds.go

@@ -18,15 +18,19 @@ type condValue struct {
 	isCond bool
 }
 
+// condition struct.
+// work for WHERE conditions.
 type Condition struct {
 	params []condValue
 }
 
+// return new condition struct
 func NewCondition() *Condition {
 	c := &Condition{}
 	return c
 }
 
+// add expression to condition
 func (c Condition) And(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.And> args cannot empty"))
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ func (c Condition) And(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// add NOT expression to condition
 func (c Condition) AndNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.AndNot> args cannot empty"))
@@ -43,6 +48,7 @@ func (c Condition) AndNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// combine a condition to current condition
 func (c *Condition) AndCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
 	c = c.clone()
 	if c == cond {
@@ -54,6 +60,7 @@ func (c *Condition) AndCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
 	return c
 }
 
+// add OR expression to condition
 func (c Condition) Or(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.Or> args cannot empty"))
@@ -62,6 +69,7 @@ func (c Condition) Or(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// add OR NOT expression to condition
 func (c Condition) OrNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.OrNot> args cannot empty"))
@@ -70,6 +78,7 @@ func (c Condition) OrNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// combine a OR condition to current condition
 func (c *Condition) OrCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
 	c = c.clone()
 	if c == cond {
@@ -81,10 +90,12 @@ func (c *Condition) OrCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
 	return c
 }
 
+// check the condition arguments are empty or not.
 func (c *Condition) IsEmpty() bool {
 	return len(c.params) == 0
 }
 
+// clone a condition
 func (c Condition) clone() *Condition {
 	return &c
 }

orm/orm_log.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type Log struct {
 	*log.Logger
 }
 
+// set io.Writer to create a Logger.
 func NewLog(out io.Writer) *Log {
 	d := new(Log)
 	d.Logger = log.New(out, "[ORM]", 1e9)
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ func debugLogQueies(alias *alias, operaton, query string, t time.Time, err error
 	DebugLog.Println(con)
 }
 
+// statement query logger struct.
+// if dev mode, use stmtQueryLog, or use stmtQuerier.
 type stmtQueryLog struct {
 	alias *alias
 	query string
@@ -84,6 +87,8 @@ func newStmtQueryLog(alias *alias, stmt stmtQuerier, query string) stmtQuerier {
 	return d
 }
 
+// database query logger struct.
+// if dev mode, use dbQueryLog, or use dbQuerier.
 type dbQueryLog struct {
 	alias *alias
 	db    dbQuerier

orm/orm_object.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 )
 
+// an insert queryer struct
 type insertSet struct {
 	mi     *modelInfo
 	orm    *orm
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ type insertSet struct {
 
 var _ Inserter = new(insertSet)
 
+// insert model ignore it's registered or not.
 func (o *insertSet) Insert(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	if o.closed {
 		return 0, ErrStmtClosed
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ func (o *insertSet) Insert(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	return id, nil
 }
 
+// close insert queryer statement
 func (o *insertSet) Close() error {
 	if o.closed {
 		return ErrStmtClosed
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ func (o *insertSet) Close() error {
 	return o.stmt.Close()
 }
 
+// create new insert queryer.
 func newInsertSet(orm *orm, mi *modelInfo) (Inserter, error) {
 	bi := new(insertSet)
 	bi.orm = orm

orm/orm_querym2m.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 )
 
+// model to model struct
 type queryM2M struct {
 	md  interface{}
 	mi  *modelInfo
@@ -12,6 +13,13 @@ type queryM2M struct {
 	ind reflect.Value
 }
 
+// add models to origin models when creating queryM2M.
+// example:
+// 	m2m := orm.QueryM2M(post,"Tag")
+// 	m2m.Add(&Tag1{},&Tag2{})
+//  for _,tag := range post.Tags{}
+//
+// make sure the relation is defined in post model struct tag.
 func (o *queryM2M) Add(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	fi := o.fi
 	mi := fi.relThroughModelInfo
@@ -44,7 +52,8 @@ func (o *queryM2M) Add(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 
 	names := []string{mfi.column, rfi.column}
 
-	var nums int64
+	values := make([]interface{}, 0, len(models)*2)
+
 	for _, md := range models {
 
 		ind := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(md))
@@ -59,18 +68,14 @@ func (o *queryM2M) Add(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		values := []interface{}{v1, v2}
+		values = append(values, v1, v2)
-		_, err := dbase.InsertValue(orm.db, mi, names, values)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nums, err
-		}
 
-		nums += 1
 	}
 
-	return nums, nil
+	return dbase.InsertValue(orm.db, mi, true, names, values)
 }
 
+// remove models following the origin model relationship
 func (o *queryM2M) Remove(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	fi := o.fi
 	qs := o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md)
@@ -82,17 +87,20 @@ func (o *queryM2M) Remove(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	return nums, nil
 }
 
+// check model is existed in relationship of origin model
 func (o *queryM2M) Exist(md interface{}) bool {
 	fi := o.fi
 	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).
 		Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo.name, md).Exist()
 }
 
+// clean all models in related of origin model
 func (o *queryM2M) Clear() (int64, error) {
 	fi := o.fi
 	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).Delete()
 }
 
+// count all related models of origin model
 func (o *queryM2M) Count() (int64, error) {
 	fi := o.fi
 	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).Count()
@@ -100,6 +108,7 @@ func (o *queryM2M) Count() (int64, error) {
 
 var _ QueryM2Mer = new(queryM2M)
 
+// create new M2M queryer.
 func newQueryM2M(md interface{}, o *orm, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, ind reflect.Value) QueryM2Mer {
 	qm2m := new(queryM2M)
 	qm2m.md = md

orm/orm_queryset.go

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ const (
 	Col_Except
 )
 
+// ColValue do the field raw changes. e.g Nums = Nums + 10. usage:
+// 	Params{
+// 		"Nums": ColValue(Col_Add, 10),
+// 	}
 func ColValue(opt operator, value interface{}) interface{} {
 	switch opt {
 	case Col_Add, Col_Minus, Col_Multiply, Col_Except:
@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@ func ColValue(opt operator, value interface{}) interface{} {
 	return val
 }
 
+// real query struct
 type querySet struct {
 	mi       *modelInfo
 	cond     *Condition
@@ -47,6 +52,7 @@ type querySet struct {
 
 var _ QuerySeter = new(querySet)
 
+// add condition expression to QuerySeter.
 func (o querySet) Filter(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	if o.cond == nil {
 		o.cond = NewCondition()
@@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ func (o querySet) Filter(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	return &o
 }
 
+// add NOT condition to querySeter.
 func (o querySet) Exclude(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	if o.cond == nil {
 		o.cond = NewCondition()
@@ -63,10 +70,13 @@ func (o querySet) Exclude(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	return &o
 }
 
+// set offset number
 func (o *querySet) setOffset(num interface{}) {
 	o.offset = ToInt64(num)
 }
 
+// add LIMIT value.
+// args[0] means offset, e.g. LIMIT num,offset.
 func (o querySet) Limit(limit interface{}, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	o.limit = ToInt64(limit)
 	if len(args) > 0 {
@@ -75,16 +85,21 @@ func (o querySet) Limit(limit interface{}, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	return &o
 }
 
+// add OFFSET value
 func (o querySet) Offset(offset interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	o.setOffset(offset)
 	return &o
 }
 
+// add ORDER expression.
+// "column" means ASC, "-column" means DESC.
 func (o querySet) OrderBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter {
 	o.orders = exprs
 	return &o
 }
 
+// set relation model to query together.
+// it will query relation models and assign to parent model.
 func (o querySet) RelatedSel(params ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	var related []string
 	if len(params) == 0 {
@@ -105,36 +120,50 @@ func (o querySet) RelatedSel(params ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
 	return &o
 }
 
+// set condition to QuerySeter.
 func (o querySet) SetCond(cond *Condition) QuerySeter {
 	o.cond = cond
 	return &o
 }
 
+// return QuerySeter execution result number
 func (o *querySet) Count() (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.Count(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// check result empty or not after QuerySeter executed
 func (o *querySet) Exist() bool {
 	cnt, _ := o.orm.alias.DbBaser.Count(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 	return cnt > 0
 }
 
+// execute update with parameters
 func (o *querySet) Update(values Params) (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.UpdateBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, values, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// execute delete
 func (o *querySet) Delete() (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.DeleteBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// return a insert queryer.
+// it can be used in times.
+// example:
+// 	i,err := sq.PrepareInsert()
+// 	i.Add(&user1{},&user2{})
 func (o *querySet) PrepareInsert() (Inserter, error) {
 	return newInsertSet(o.orm, o.mi)
 }
 
+// query all data and map to containers.
+// cols means the columns when querying.
 func (o *querySet) All(container interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, container, o.orm.alias.TZ, cols)
 }
 
+// query one row data and map to containers.
+// cols means the columns when querying.
 func (o *querySet) One(container interface{}, cols ...string) error {
 	num, err := o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, container, o.orm.alias.TZ, cols)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -149,18 +178,56 @@ func (o *querySet) One(container interface{}, cols ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// query all data and map to []map[string]interface.
+// expres means condition expression.
+// it converts data to []map[column]value.
 func (o *querySet) Values(results *[]Params, exprs ...string) (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, exprs, results, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// query all data and map to [][]interface
+// it converts data to [][column_index]value
 func (o *querySet) ValuesList(results *[]ParamsList, exprs ...string) (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, exprs, results, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// query all data and map to []interface.
+// it's designed for one row record set, auto change to []value, not [][column]value.
 func (o *querySet) ValuesFlat(result *ParamsList, expr string) (int64, error) {
 	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, []string{expr}, result, o.orm.alias.TZ)
 }
 
+// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to map[string]interface{}{
+// 	"total": 100,
+// 	"found": 200,
+// }
+func (o *querySet) RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	panic(ErrNotImplement)
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.RowsTo(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, result, keyCol, valueCol, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to struct {
+// 	Total int
+// 	Found int
+// }
+func (o *querySet) RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	panic(ErrNotImplement)
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.RowsTo(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, ptrStruct, keyCol, valueCol, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// create new QuerySeter.
 func newQuerySet(orm *orm, mi *modelInfo) QuerySeter {
 	o := new(querySet)
 	o.mi = mi

orm/orm_raw.go

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 )
 
+// raw sql string prepared statement
 type rawPrepare struct {
 	rs     *rawSet
 	stmt   stmtQuerier
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func newRawPreparer(rs *rawSet) (RawPreparer, error) {
 	return o, nil
 }
 
+// raw query seter
 type rawSet struct {
 	query string
 	args  []interface{}
@@ -53,11 +54,13 @@ type rawSet struct {
 
 var _ RawSeter = new(rawSet)
 
+// set args for every query
 func (o rawSet) SetArgs(args ...interface{}) RawSeter {
 	o.args = args
 	return &o
 }
 
+// execute raw sql and return sql.Result
 func (o *rawSet) Exec() (sql.Result, error) {
 	query := o.query
 	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ func (o *rawSet) Exec() (sql.Result, error) {
 	return o.orm.db.Exec(query, args...)
 }
 
+// set field value to row container
 func (o *rawSet) setFieldValue(ind reflect.Value, value interface{}) {
 	switch ind.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Bool:
@@ -164,65 +168,12 @@ func (o *rawSet) setFieldValue(ind reflect.Value, value interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (o *rawSet) loopInitRefs(typ reflect.Type, refsPtr *[]interface{}, sIdxesPtr *[][]int) {
+// set field value in loop for slice container
-	sIdxes := *sIdxesPtr
+func (o *rawSet) loopSetRefs(refs []interface{}, sInds []reflect.Value, nIndsPtr *[]reflect.Value, eTyps []reflect.Type, init bool) {
-	refs := *refsPtr
-
-	if typ.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-		if typ.String() == "time.Time" {
-			var ref interface{}
-			refs = append(refs, &ref)
-			sIdxes = append(sIdxes, []int{0})
-		} else {
-			idxs := []int{}
-		outFor:
-			for idx := 0; idx < typ.NumField(); idx++ {
-				ctyp := typ.Field(idx)
-
-				tag := ctyp.Tag.Get(defaultStructTagName)
-				for _, v := range strings.Split(tag, defaultStructTagDelim) {
-					if v == "-" {
-						continue outFor
-					}
-				}
-
-				tp := ctyp.Type
-				if tp.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-					tp = tp.Elem()
-				}
-
-				if tp.String() == "time.Time" {
-					var ref interface{}
-					refs = append(refs, &ref)
-
-				} else if tp.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-					var ref interface{}
-					refs = append(refs, &ref)
-
-				} else {
-					// skip other type
-					continue
-				}
-
-				idxs = append(idxs, idx)
-			}
-			sIdxes = append(sIdxes, idxs)
-		}
-	} else {
-		var ref interface{}
-		refs = append(refs, &ref)
-		sIdxes = append(sIdxes, []int{0})
-	}
-
-	*sIdxesPtr = sIdxes
-	*refsPtr = refs
-}
-
-func (o *rawSet) loopSetRefs(refs []interface{}, sIdxes [][]int, sInds []reflect.Value, nIndsPtr *[]reflect.Value, eTyps []reflect.Type, init bool) {
 	nInds := *nIndsPtr
 
 	cur := 0
-	for i, idxs := range sIdxes {
+	for i := 0; i < len(sInds); i++ {
 		sInd := sInds[i]
 		eTyp := eTyps[i]
 
@@ -258,32 +209,8 @@ func (o *rawSet) loopSetRefs(refs []interface{}, sIdxes [][]int, sInds []reflect
 					o.setFieldValue(ind, value)
 				}
 				cur++
-			} else {
-				hasValue := false
-				for _, idx := range idxs {
-					tind := ind.Field(idx)
-					value := reflect.ValueOf(refs[cur]).Elem().Interface()
-					if value != nil {
-						hasValue = true
-					}
-					if tind.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-						if value == nil {
-							tindV := reflect.New(tind.Type()).Elem()
-							tind.Set(tindV)
-						} else {
-							tindV := reflect.New(tind.Type().Elem())
-							o.setFieldValue(tindV.Elem(), value)
-							tind.Set(tindV)
-						}
-					} else {
-						o.setFieldValue(tind, value)
-					}
-					cur++
-				}
-				if hasValue == false && isPtr {
-					val = reflect.New(val.Type()).Elem()
-				}
 			}
+
 		} else {
 			value := reflect.ValueOf(refs[cur]).Elem().Interface()
 			if isPtr && value == nil {
@@ -312,16 +239,14 @@ func (o *rawSet) loopSetRefs(refs []interface{}, sIdxes [][]int, sInds []reflect
 	}
 }
 
+// query data and map to container
 func (o *rawSet) QueryRow(containers ...interface{}) error {
-	if len(containers) == 0 {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> need at least one arg"))
-	}
-
 	refs := make([]interface{}, 0, len(containers))
-	sIdxes := make([][]int, 0)
 	sInds := make([]reflect.Value, 0)
 	eTyps := make([]reflect.Type, 0)
 
+	structMode := false
+	var sMi *modelInfo
 	for _, container := range containers {
 		val := reflect.ValueOf(container)
 		ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
@@ -335,44 +260,123 @@ func (o *rawSet) QueryRow(containers ...interface{}) error {
 		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 			typ = typ.Elem()
 		}
-		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			typ = typ.Elem()
-		}
 
 		sInds = append(sInds, ind)
 		eTyps = append(eTyps, etyp)
 
-		o.loopInitRefs(typ, &refs, &sIdxes)
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Struct && typ.String() != "time.Time" {
+			if len(containers) > 1 {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> now support one struct only. see #384"))
+			}
+
+			structMode = true
+			fn := getFullName(typ)
+			if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFN(fn); ok {
+				sMi = mi
+			}
+		} else {
+			var ref interface{}
+			refs = append(refs, &ref)
+		}
 	}
 
 	query := o.query
 	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
 
 	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
-	row := o.orm.db.QueryRow(query, args...)
+	rows, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...)
-
+	if err != nil {
-	if err := row.Scan(refs...); err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-		return ErrNoRows
+			return ErrNoRows
-	} else if err != nil {
+		}
 		return err
 	}
 
-	nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
+	defer rows.Close()
-	o.loopSetRefs(refs, sIdxes, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, true)
+
-	for i, sInd := range sInds {
+	if rows.Next() {
-		nInd := nInds[i]
+		if structMode {
-		sInd.Set(nInd)
+			columns, err := rows.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			columnsMp := make(map[string]interface{}, len(columns))
+
+			refs = make([]interface{}, 0, len(columns))
+			for _, col := range columns {
+				var ref interface{}
+				columnsMp[col] = &ref
+				refs = append(refs, &ref)
+			}
+
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			ind := sInds[0]
+
+			if ind.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				if ind.IsNil() || !ind.IsValid() {
+					ind.Set(reflect.New(eTyps[0].Elem()))
+				}
+				ind = ind.Elem()
+			}
+
+			if sMi != nil {
+				for _, col := range columns {
+					if fi := sMi.fields.GetByColumn(col); fi != nil {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(columnsMp[col]).Elem().Interface()
+						o.setFieldValue(ind.FieldByIndex([]int{fi.fieldIndex}), value)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				for i := 0; i < ind.NumField(); i++ {
+					f := ind.Field(i)
+					fe := ind.Type().Field(i)
+
+					var attrs map[string]bool
+					var tags map[string]string
+					parseStructTag(fe.Tag.Get("orm"), &attrs, &tags)
+					var col string
+					if col = tags["column"]; len(col) == 0 {
+						col = snakeString(fe.Name)
+					}
+					if v, ok := columnsMp[col]; ok {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem().Interface()
+						o.setFieldValue(f, value)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
+			o.loopSetRefs(refs, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, true)
+			for i, sInd := range sInds {
+				nInd := nInds[i]
+				sInd.Set(nInd)
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		return ErrNoRows
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// query data rows and map to container
 func (o *rawSet) QueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
-	refs := make([]interface{}, 0)
+	refs := make([]interface{}, 0, len(containers))
-	sIdxes := make([][]int, 0)
 	sInds := make([]reflect.Value, 0)
 	eTyps := make([]reflect.Type, 0)
 
+	structMode := false
+	var sMi *modelInfo
 	for _, container := range containers {
 		val := reflect.ValueOf(container)
 		sInd := reflect.Indirect(val)
@@ -389,7 +393,20 @@ func (o *rawSet) QueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 		sInds = append(sInds, sInd)
 		eTyps = append(eTyps, etyp)
 
-		o.loopInitRefs(typ, &refs, &sIdxes)
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Struct && typ.String() != "time.Time" {
+			if len(containers) > 1 {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> now support one struct only. see #384"))
+			}
+
+			structMode = true
+			fn := getFullName(typ)
+			if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFN(fn); ok {
+				sMi = mi
+			}
+		} else {
+			var ref interface{}
+			refs = append(refs, &ref)
+		}
 	}
 
 	query := o.query
@@ -401,30 +418,107 @@ func (o *rawSet) QueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
-	nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
+	defer rows.Close()
 
 	var cnt int64
-	for rows.Next() {
+	nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
-		if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+	sInd := sInds[0]
-			return 0, err
-		}
 
-		o.loopSetRefs(refs, sIdxes, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, cnt == 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+
+		if structMode {
+			columns, err := rows.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			columnsMp := make(map[string]interface{}, len(columns))
+
+			refs = make([]interface{}, 0, len(columns))
+			for _, col := range columns {
+				var ref interface{}
+				columnsMp[col] = &ref
+				refs = append(refs, &ref)
+			}
+
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			if cnt == 0 && !sInd.IsNil() {
+				sInd.Set(reflect.New(sInd.Type()).Elem())
+			}
+
+			var ind reflect.Value
+			if eTyps[0].Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = reflect.New(eTyps[0].Elem())
+			} else {
+				ind = reflect.New(eTyps[0])
+			}
+
+			if ind.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = ind.Elem()
+			}
+
+			if sMi != nil {
+				for _, col := range columns {
+					if fi := sMi.fields.GetByColumn(col); fi != nil {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(columnsMp[col]).Elem().Interface()
+						o.setFieldValue(ind.FieldByIndex([]int{fi.fieldIndex}), value)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				for i := 0; i < ind.NumField(); i++ {
+					f := ind.Field(i)
+					fe := ind.Type().Field(i)
+
+					var attrs map[string]bool
+					var tags map[string]string
+					parseStructTag(fe.Tag.Get("orm"), &attrs, &tags)
+					var col string
+					if col = tags["column"]; len(col) == 0 {
+						col = snakeString(fe.Name)
+					}
+					if v, ok := columnsMp[col]; ok {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem().Interface()
+						o.setFieldValue(f, value)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if eTyps[0].Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = ind.Addr()
+			}
+
+			sInd = reflect.Append(sInd, ind)
+
+		} else {
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			o.loopSetRefs(refs, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, cnt == 0)
+		}
 
 		cnt++
 	}
 
 	if cnt > 0 {
-		for i, sInd := range sInds {
+
-			nInd := nInds[i]
+		if structMode {
-			sInd.Set(nInd)
+			sInds[0].Set(sInd)
+		} else {
+			for i, sInd := range sInds {
+				nInd := nInds[i]
+				sInd.Set(nInd)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return cnt, nil
 }
 
-func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
+func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}, needCols []string) (int64, error) {
 	var (
 		maps  []Params
 		lists []ParamsList
@@ -455,21 +549,41 @@ func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
 		rs = r
 	}
 
+	defer rs.Close()
+
 	var (
-		refs []interface{}
+		refs   []interface{}
-		cnt  int64
+		cnt    int64
-		cols []string
+		cols   []string
+		indexs []int
 	)
+
 	for rs.Next() {
 		if cnt == 0 {
 			if columns, err := rs.Columns(); err != nil {
 				return 0, err
 			} else {
+				if len(needCols) > 0 {
+					indexs = make([]int, 0, len(needCols))
+				} else {
+					indexs = make([]int, 0, len(columns))
+				}
+
 				cols = columns
 				refs = make([]interface{}, len(cols))
 				for i, _ := range refs {
 					var ref sql.NullString
 					refs[i] = &ref
+
+					if len(needCols) > 0 {
+						for _, c := range needCols {
+							if c == cols[i] {
+								indexs = append(indexs, i)
+							}
+						}
+					} else {
+						indexs = append(indexs, i)
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -481,7 +595,8 @@ func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
 		switch typ {
 		case 1:
 			params := make(Params, len(cols))
-			for i, ref := range refs {
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
 				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
 				if value.Valid {
 					params[cols[i]] = value.String
@@ -492,7 +607,8 @@ func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
 			maps = append(maps, params)
 		case 2:
 			params := make(ParamsList, 0, len(cols))
-			for _, ref := range refs {
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
 				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
 				if value.Valid {
 					params = append(params, value.String)
@@ -502,7 +618,8 @@ func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
 			}
 			lists = append(lists, params)
 		case 3:
-			for _, ref := range refs {
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
 				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
 				if value.Valid {
 					list = append(list, value.String)
@@ -527,18 +644,166 @@ func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}) (int64, error) {
 	return cnt, nil
 }
 
-func (o *rawSet) Values(container *[]Params) (int64, error) {
+func (o *rawSet) queryRowsTo(container interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
-	return o.readValues(container)
+	var (
+		maps Params
+		ind  *reflect.Value
+	)
+
+	typ := 0
+	switch container.(type) {
+	case *Params:
+		typ = 1
+	default:
+		typ = 2
+		vl := reflect.ValueOf(container)
+		id := reflect.Indirect(vl)
+		if vl.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || id.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter> RowsTo unsupport type `%T` need ptr struct", container))
+		}
+
+		ind = &id
+	}
+
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+
+	var rs *sql.Rows
+	if r, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	} else {
+		rs = r
+	}
+
+	defer rs.Close()
+
+	var (
+		refs []interface{}
+		cnt  int64
+		cols []string
+	)
+
+	var (
+		keyIndex   = -1
+		valueIndex = -1
+	)
+
+	for rs.Next() {
+		if cnt == 0 {
+			if columns, err := rs.Columns(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			} else {
+				cols = columns
+				refs = make([]interface{}, len(cols))
+				for i, _ := range refs {
+					if keyCol == cols[i] {
+						keyIndex = i
+					}
+
+					if typ == 1 || keyIndex == i {
+						var ref sql.NullString
+						refs[i] = &ref
+					} else {
+						var ref interface{}
+						refs[i] = &ref
+					}
+
+					if valueCol == cols[i] {
+						valueIndex = i
+					}
+				}
+
+				if keyIndex == -1 || valueIndex == -1 {
+					panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter> RowsTo unknown key, value column name `%s: %s`", keyCol, valueCol))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := rs.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		if cnt == 0 {
+			switch typ {
+			case 1:
+				maps = make(Params)
+			}
+		}
+
+		key := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(refs[keyIndex])).Interface().(sql.NullString).String
+
+		switch typ {
+		case 1:
+			value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(refs[valueIndex])).Interface().(sql.NullString)
+			if value.Valid {
+				maps[key] = value.String
+			} else {
+				maps[key] = nil
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if id := ind.FieldByName(camelString(key)); id.IsValid() {
+				o.setFieldValue(id, reflect.ValueOf(refs[valueIndex]).Elem().Interface())
+			}
+		}
+
+		cnt++
+	}
+
+	if typ == 1 {
+		v, _ := container.(*Params)
+		*v = maps
+	}
+
+	return cnt, nil
 }
 
-func (o *rawSet) ValuesList(container *[]ParamsList) (int64, error) {
+// query data to []map[string]interface
-	return o.readValues(container)
+func (o *rawSet) Values(container *[]Params, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
 }
 
-func (o *rawSet) ValuesFlat(container *ParamsList) (int64, error) {
+// query data to [][]interface
-	return o.readValues(container)
+func (o *rawSet) ValuesList(container *[]ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
 }
 
+// query data to []interface
+func (o *rawSet) ValuesFlat(container *ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
+}
+
+// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to map[string]interface{}{
+// 	"total": 100,
+// 	"found": 200,
+// }
+func (o *rawSet) RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.queryRowsTo(result, keyCol, valueCol)
+}
+
+// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to struct {
+// 	Total int
+// 	Found int
+// }
+func (o *rawSet) RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.queryRowsTo(ptrStruct, keyCol, valueCol)
+}
+
+// return prepared raw statement for used in times.
 func (o *rawSet) Prepare() (RawPreparer, error) {
 	return newRawPreparer(o)
 }

orm/orm_test.go

@@ -1322,58 +1322,6 @@ func TestRawQueryRow(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	type Tmp struct {
-		Skip0    string
-		Id       int
-		Char     *string
-		Skip1    int `orm:"-"`
-		Date     time.Time
-		DateTime time.Time
-	}
-
-	Boolean = false
-	Text = ""
-	Int64 = 0
-	Uint = 0
-
-	tmp := new(Tmp)
-
-	cols = []string{
-		"int", "char", "date", "datetime", "boolean", "text", "int64", "uint",
-	}
-	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT NULL, %s%s%s FROM data WHERE id = ?", Q, strings.Join(cols, sep), Q)
-	values = []interface{}{
-		tmp, &Boolean, &Text, &Int64, &Uint,
-	}
-	err = dORM.Raw(query, 1).QueryRow(values...)
-	throwFailNow(t, err)
-
-	for _, col := range cols {
-		switch col {
-		case "id":
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(tmp.Id, data_values[col]))
-		case "char":
-			c := tmp.Char
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(*c, data_values[col]))
-		case "date":
-			v := tmp.Date.In(DefaultTimeLoc)
-			value := data_values[col].(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc)
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(v, value, test_Date))
-		case "datetime":
-			v := tmp.DateTime.In(DefaultTimeLoc)
-			value := data_values[col].(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc)
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(v, value, test_DateTime))
-		case "boolean":
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(Boolean, data_values[col]))
-		case "text":
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(Text, data_values[col]))
-		case "int64":
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(Int64, data_values[col]))
-		case "uint":
-			throwFail(t, AssertIs(Uint, data_values[col]))
-		}
-	}
-
 	var (
 		uid    int
 		status *int
@@ -1394,22 +1342,13 @@ func TestRawQueryRow(t *testing.T) {
 func TestQueryRows(t *testing.T) {
 	Q := dDbBaser.TableQuote()
 
-	cols := []string{
-		"id", "boolean", "char", "text", "date", "datetime", "byte", "rune", "int", "int8", "int16", "int32",
-		"int64", "uint", "uint8", "uint16", "uint32", "uint64", "float32", "float64", "decimal",
-	}
-
 	var datas []*Data
-	var dids []int
 
-	sep := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s", Q, Q)
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT * FROM %sdata%s", Q, Q)
-	query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %s%s%s, id FROM %sdata%s", Q, strings.Join(cols, sep), Q, Q, Q)
+	num, err := dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&datas)
-	num, err := dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&datas, &dids)
 	throwFailNow(t, err)
 	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
 	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(len(datas), 1))
-	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(len(dids), 1))
-	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(dids[0], 1))
 
 	ind := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(datas[0]))
 
@@ -1427,90 +1366,43 @@ func TestQueryRows(t *testing.T) {
 		throwFail(t, AssertIs(vu == value, true), value, vu)
 	}
 
-	type Tmp struct {
+	var datas2 []Data
-		Id      int
+
-		Name    string
+	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT * FROM %sdata%s", Q, Q)
-		Skiped0 string `orm:"-"`
+	num, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&datas2)
-		Pid     *int
+	throwFailNow(t, err)
-		Skiped1 Data
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
-		Skiped2 *Data
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(len(datas2), 1))
+
+	ind = reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(datas2[0]))
+
+	for name, value := range Data_Values {
+		e := ind.FieldByName(name)
+		vu := e.Interface()
+		switch name {
+		case "Date":
+			vu = vu.(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc).Format(test_Date)
+			value = value.(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc).Format(test_Date)
+		case "DateTime":
+			vu = vu.(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc).Format(test_DateTime)
+			value = value.(time.Time).In(DefaultTimeLoc).Format(test_DateTime)
+		}
+		throwFail(t, AssertIs(vu == value, true), value, vu)
 	}
 
-	var (
+	var ids []int
-		ids         []int
+	var usernames []string
-		userNames   []string
+	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %sid%s, %suser_name%s FROM %suser%s ORDER BY %sid%s ASC", Q, Q, Q, Q, Q, Q, Q, Q)
-		profileIds1 []int
+	num, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&ids, &usernames)
-		profileIds2 []*int
-		createds    []time.Time
-		updateds    []time.Time
-		tmps1       []*Tmp
-		tmps2       []Tmp
-	)
-	cols = []string{
-		"id", "user_name", "profile_id", "profile_id", "id", "user_name", "profile_id", "id", "user_name", "profile_id", "created", "updated",
-	}
-	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %s%s%s FROM %suser%s ORDER BY id", Q, strings.Join(cols, sep), Q, Q, Q)
-	num, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&ids, &userNames, &profileIds1, &profileIds2, &tmps1, &tmps2, &createds, &updateds)
 	throwFailNow(t, err)
 	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(num, 3))
-
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(len(ids), 3))
-	var users []User
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(ids[0], 2))
-	dORM.QueryTable("user").OrderBy("Id").All(&users)
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(usernames[0], "slene"))
-
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(ids[1], 3))
-	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(usernames[1], "astaxie"))
-		id := ids[i]
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(ids[2], 4))
-		name := userNames[i]
+	throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(usernames[2], "nobody"))
-		pid1 := profileIds1[i]
-		pid2 := profileIds2[i]
-		created := createds[i]
-		updated := updateds[i]
-
-		user := users[i]
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(id, user.Id))
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(name, user.UserName))
-		if user.Profile != nil {
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(pid1, user.Profile.Id))
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(*pid2, user.Profile.Id))
-		} else {
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(pid1, 0))
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(pid2, nil))
-		}
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(created, user.Created, test_Date))
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(updated, user.Updated, test_DateTime))
-
-		tmp := tmps1[i]
-		tmp1 := *tmp
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp1.Id, user.Id))
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp1.Name, user.UserName))
-		if user.Profile != nil {
-			pid := tmp1.Pid
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(*pid, user.Profile.Id))
-		} else {
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp1.Pid, nil))
-		}
-
-		tmp2 := tmps2[i]
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp2.Id, user.Id))
-		throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp2.Name, user.UserName))
-		if user.Profile != nil {
-			pid := tmp2.Pid
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(*pid, user.Profile.Id))
-		} else {
-			throwFailNow(t, AssertIs(tmp2.Pid, nil))
-		}
-	}
-
-	type Sec struct {
-		Id   int
-		Name string
-	}
-
-	var tmp []*Sec
-	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT NULL, NULL FROM %suser%s LIMIT 1", Q, Q)
-	num, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&tmp)
-	throwFail(t, err)
-	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
-	throwFail(t, AssertIs(tmp[0], nil))
 }
 
 func TestRawValues(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1669,6 +1561,32 @@ func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	num, err = qs.Filter("user_name", "slene").Filter("profile__isnull", true).Count()
 	throwFail(t, err)
 	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
+
+	qs = dORM.QueryTable("comment")
+	num, err = qs.Count()
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 6))
+
+	qs = dORM.QueryTable("post")
+	num, err = qs.Filter("Id", 3).Delete()
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
+
+	qs = dORM.QueryTable("comment")
+	num, err = qs.Count()
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 4))
+
+	fmt.Println("...")
+	qs = dORM.QueryTable("comment")
+	num, err = qs.Filter("Post__User", 3).Delete()
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 3))
+
+	qs = dORM.QueryTable("comment")
+	num, err = qs.Count()
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
 }
 
 func TestTransaction(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1724,3 +1642,41 @@ func TestTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	throwFail(t, AssertIs(num, 1))
 
 }
+
+func TestReadOrCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	u := &User{
+		UserName: "Kyle",
+		Email: "kylemcc@gmail.com",
+		Password: "other_pass",
+		Status: 7,
+		IsStaff: false,
+		IsActive: true,
+	}
+
+	created, pk, err := dORM.ReadOrCreate(u, "UserName")
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(created, true))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.UserName, "Kyle"))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.Email, "kylemcc@gmail.com"))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.Password, "other_pass"))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.Status, 7))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.IsStaff, false))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.IsActive, true))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.Created.In(DefaultTimeLoc), u.Created.In(DefaultTimeLoc), test_Date))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(u.Updated.In(DefaultTimeLoc), u.Updated.In(DefaultTimeLoc), test_DateTime))
+
+	nu := &User{UserName: u.UserName, Email: "someotheremail@gmail.com"}
+	created, pk, err = dORM.ReadOrCreate(nu, "UserName")
+	throwFail(t, err)
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(created, false))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.Id, u.Id))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(pk, u.Id))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.UserName, u.UserName))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.Email, u.Email)) // should contain the value in the table, not the one specified above
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.Password, u.Password))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.Status, u.Status))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.IsStaff, u.IsStaff))
+	throwFail(t, AssertIs(nu.IsActive, u.IsActive))
+
+	dORM.Delete(u)
+}

orm/types.go

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// database driver
 type Driver interface {
 	Name() string
 	Type() DriverType
 }
 
+// field info
 type Fielder interface {
 	String() string
 	FieldType() int
@@ -18,9 +20,12 @@ type Fielder interface {
 	RawValue() interface{}
 }
 
+// orm struct
 type Ormer interface {
 	Read(interface{}, ...string) error
+	ReadOrCreate(interface{}, string, ...string) (bool, int64, error)
 	Insert(interface{}) (int64, error)
+	InsertMulti(int, interface{}) (int64, error)
 	Update(interface{}, ...string) (int64, error)
 	Delete(interface{}) (int64, error)
 	LoadRelated(interface{}, string, ...interface{}) (int64, error)
@@ -32,13 +37,16 @@ type Ormer interface {
 	Rollback() error
 	Raw(string, ...interface{}) RawSeter
 	Driver() Driver
+	GetDB() dbQuerier
 }
 
+// insert prepared statement
 type Inserter interface {
 	Insert(interface{}) (int64, error)
 	Close() error
 }
 
+// query seter
 type QuerySeter interface {
 	Filter(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter
 	Exclude(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter
@@ -57,8 +65,11 @@ type QuerySeter interface {
 	Values(*[]Params, ...string) (int64, error)
 	ValuesList(*[]ParamsList, ...string) (int64, error)
 	ValuesFlat(*ParamsList, string) (int64, error)
+	RowsToMap(*Params, string, string) (int64, error)
+	RowsToStruct(interface{}, string, string) (int64, error)
 }
 
+// model to model query struct
 type QueryM2Mer interface {
 	Add(...interface{}) (int64, error)
 	Remove(...interface{}) (int64, error)
@@ -67,22 +78,27 @@ type QueryM2Mer interface {
 	Count() (int64, error)
 }
 
+// raw query statement
 type RawPreparer interface {
 	Exec(...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
 	Close() error
 }
 
+// raw query seter
 type RawSeter interface {
 	Exec() (sql.Result, error)
 	QueryRow(...interface{}) error
 	QueryRows(...interface{}) (int64, error)
 	SetArgs(...interface{}) RawSeter
-	Values(*[]Params) (int64, error)
+	Values(*[]Params, ...string) (int64, error)
-	ValuesList(*[]ParamsList) (int64, error)
+	ValuesList(*[]ParamsList, ...string) (int64, error)
-	ValuesFlat(*ParamsList) (int64, error)
+	ValuesFlat(*ParamsList, ...string) (int64, error)
+	RowsToMap(*Params, string, string) (int64, error)
+	RowsToStruct(interface{}, string, string) (int64, error)
 	Prepare() (RawPreparer, error)
 }
 
+// statement querier
 type stmtQuerier interface {
 	Close() error
 	Exec(args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
@@ -90,6 +106,7 @@ type stmtQuerier interface {
 	QueryRow(args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
 }
 
+// db querier
 type dbQuerier interface {
 	Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
 	Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
@@ -97,19 +114,31 @@ type dbQuerier interface {
 	QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
 }
 
+// type DB interface {
+// 	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
+// 	Prepare(query string) (stmtQuerier, error)
+// 	Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+// 	Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+// 	QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+// }
+
+// transaction beginner
 type txer interface {
 	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
 }
 
+// transaction ending
 type txEnder interface {
 	Commit() error
 	Rollback() error
 }
 
+// base database struct
 type dbBaser interface {
 	Read(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location, []string) error
 	Insert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location) (int64, error)
-	InsertValue(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, []string, []interface{}) (int64, error)
+	InsertMulti(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, int, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	InsertValue(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, bool, []string, []interface{}) (int64, error)
 	InsertStmt(stmtQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location) (int64, error)
 	Update(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location, []string) (int64, error)
 	Delete(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location) (int64, error)
@@ -123,6 +152,7 @@ type dbBaser interface {
 	GenerateOperatorLeftCol(*fieldInfo, string, *string)
 	PrepareInsert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo) (stmtQuerier, string, error)
 	ReadValues(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, []string, interface{}, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	RowsTo(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, string, string, *time.Location) (int64, error)
 	MaxLimit() uint64
 	TableQuote() string
 	ReplaceMarks(*string)

orm/utils.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 type StrTo string
 
+// set string
 func (f *StrTo) Set(v string) {
 	if v != "" {
 		*f = StrTo(v)
@@ -18,77 +19,93 @@ func (f *StrTo) Set(v string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// clean string
 func (f *StrTo) Clear() {
 	*f = StrTo(0x1E)
 }
 
+// check string exist
 func (f StrTo) Exist() bool {
 	return string(f) != string(0x1E)
 }
 
+// string to bool
 func (f StrTo) Bool() (bool, error) {
 	return strconv.ParseBool(f.String())
 }
 
+// string to float32
 func (f StrTo) Float32() (float32, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(f.String(), 32)
 	return float32(v), err
 }
 
+// string to float64
 func (f StrTo) Float64() (float64, error) {
 	return strconv.ParseFloat(f.String(), 64)
 }
 
+// string to int
 func (f StrTo) Int() (int, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 32)
 	return int(v), err
 }
 
+// string to int8
 func (f StrTo) Int8() (int8, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 8)
 	return int8(v), err
 }
 
+// string to int16
 func (f StrTo) Int16() (int16, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 16)
 	return int16(v), err
 }
 
+// string to int32
 func (f StrTo) Int32() (int32, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 32)
 	return int32(v), err
 }
 
+// string to int64
 func (f StrTo) Int64() (int64, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 64)
 	return int64(v), err
 }
 
+// string to uint
 func (f StrTo) Uint() (uint, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 32)
 	return uint(v), err
 }
 
+// string to uint8
 func (f StrTo) Uint8() (uint8, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 8)
 	return uint8(v), err
 }
 
+// string to uint16
 func (f StrTo) Uint16() (uint16, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 16)
 	return uint16(v), err
 }
 
+// string to uint31
 func (f StrTo) Uint32() (uint32, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 32)
 	return uint32(v), err
 }
 
+// string to uint64
 func (f StrTo) Uint64() (uint64, error) {
 	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 64)
 	return uint64(v), err
 }
 
+// string to string
 func (f StrTo) String() string {
 	if f.Exist() {
 		return string(f)
@@ -96,6 +113,7 @@ func (f StrTo) String() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// interface to string
 func ToStr(value interface{}, args ...int) (s string) {
 	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case bool:
@@ -134,6 +152,7 @@ func ToStr(value interface{}, args ...int) (s string) {
 	return s
 }
 
+// interface to int64
 func ToInt64(value interface{}) (d int64) {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(value)
 	switch value.(type) {
@@ -147,6 +166,7 @@ func ToInt64(value interface{}) (d int64) {
 	return
 }
 
+// snake string, XxYy to xx_yy
 func snakeString(s string) string {
 	data := make([]byte, 0, len(s)*2)
 	j := false
@@ -164,6 +184,7 @@ func snakeString(s string) string {
 	return strings.ToLower(string(data[:len(data)]))
 }
 
+// camel string, xx_yy to XxYy
 func camelString(s string) string {
 	data := make([]byte, 0, len(s))
 	j := false
@@ -190,6 +211,7 @@ func camelString(s string) string {
 
 type argString []string
 
+// get string by index from string slice
 func (a argString) Get(i int, args ...string) (r string) {
 	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
 		r = a[i]
@@ -201,6 +223,7 @@ func (a argString) Get(i int, args ...string) (r string) {
 
 type argInt []int
 
+// get int by index from int slice
 func (a argInt) Get(i int, args ...int) (r int) {
 	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
 		r = a[i]
@@ -213,6 +236,7 @@ func (a argInt) Get(i int, args ...int) (r int) {
 
 type argAny []interface{}
 
+// get interface by index from interface slice
 func (a argAny) Get(i int, args ...interface{}) (r interface{}) {
 	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
 		r = a[i]
@@ -223,15 +247,18 @@ func (a argAny) Get(i int, args ...interface{}) (r interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// parse time to string with location
 func timeParse(dateString, format string) (time.Time, error) {
 	tp, err := time.ParseInLocation(format, dateString, DefaultTimeLoc)
 	return tp, err
 }
 
+// format time string
 func timeFormat(t time.Time, format string) string {
 	return t.Format(format)
 }
 
+// get pointer indirect type
 func indirectType(v reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
 	switch v.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Ptr:

plugins/auth/basic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// basic auth for plugin
+package auth
+
+// Example:
+// func SecretAuth(username, password string) bool {
+// 	if username == "astaxie" && password == "helloBeego" {
+// 		return true
+// 	}
+// 	return false
+// }
+// authPlugin := auth.NewBasicAuthenticator(SecretAuth)
+// beego.AddFilter("*","AfterStatic",authPlugin)
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/context"
+)
+
+func NewBasicAuthenticator(secrets SecretProvider, Realm string) beego.FilterFunc {
+	return func(ctx *context.Context) {
+		a := &BasicAuth{Secrets: secrets, Realm: Realm}
+		if username := a.CheckAuth(ctx.Request); username == "" {
+			a.RequireAuth(ctx.ResponseWriter, ctx.Request)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type SecretProvider func(user, pass string) bool
+
+type BasicAuth struct {
+	Secrets SecretProvider
+	Realm   string
+}
+
+/*
+ Checks the username/password combination from the request. Returns
+ either an empty string (authentication failed) or the name of the
+ authenticated user.
+
+ Supports MD5 and SHA1 password entries
+*/
+func (a *BasicAuth) CheckAuth(r *http.Request) string {
+	s := strings.SplitN(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), " ", 2)
+	if len(s) != 2 || s[0] != "Basic" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	b, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(s[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	pair := strings.SplitN(string(b), ":", 2)
+	if len(pair) != 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if a.Secrets(pair[0], pair[1]) {
+		return pair[0]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+/*
+ http.Handler for BasicAuth which initiates the authentication process
+ (or requires reauthentication).
+*/
+func (a *BasicAuth) RequireAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="`+a.Realm+`"`)
+	w.WriteHeader(401)
+	w.Write([]byte("401 Unauthorized\n"))
+}

router.go

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package beego
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -30,6 +33,14 @@ const (
 var (
 	// supported http methods.
 	HTTPMETHOD = []string{"get", "post", "put", "delete", "patch", "options", "head"}
+	// these beego.Controller's methods shouldn't reflect to AutoRouter
+	exceptMethod = []string{"Init", "Prepare", "Finish", "Render", "RenderString",
+		"RenderBytes", "Redirect", "Abort", "StopRun", "UrlFor", "ServeJson", "ServeJsonp",
+		"ServeXml", "Input", "ParseForm", "GetString", "GetStrings", "GetInt", "GetBool",
+		"GetFloat", "GetFile", "SaveToFile", "StartSession", "SetSession", "GetSession",
+		"DelSession", "SessionRegenerateID", "DestroySession", "IsAjax", "GetSecureCookie",
+		"SetSecureCookie", "XsrfToken", "CheckXsrfCookie", "XsrfFormHtml",
+		"GetControllerAndAction"}
 )
 
 type controllerInfo struct {
@@ -77,7 +88,7 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) Add(pattern string, c ControllerInterface, mappingM
 	params := make(map[int]string)
 	for i, part := range parts {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(part, ":") {
-			expr := "(.+)"
+			expr := "(.*)"
 			//a user may choose to override the defult expression
 			// similar to expressjs: ‘/user/:id([0-9]+)’
 			if index := strings.Index(part, "("); index != -1 {
@@ -100,7 +111,7 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) Add(pattern string, c ControllerInterface, mappingM
 			j++
 		}
 		if strings.HasPrefix(part, "*") {
-			expr := "(.+)"
+			expr := "(.*)"
 			if part == "*.*" {
 				params[j] = ":path"
 				parts[i] = "([^.]+).([^.]+)"
@@ -218,8 +229,8 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) Add(pattern string, c ControllerInterface, mappingM
 // Add auto router to ControllerRegistor.
 // example beego.AddAuto(&MainContorlller{}),
 // MainController has method List and Page.
-// visit the url /main/list to exec List function
+// visit the url /main/list to execute List function
-// /main/page to exec Page function.
+// /main/page to execute Page function.
 func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddAuto(c ControllerInterface) {
 	p.enableAuto = true
 	reflectVal := reflect.ValueOf(c)
@@ -232,14 +243,42 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddAuto(c ControllerInterface) {
 		p.autoRouter[firstParam] = make(map[string]reflect.Type)
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < rt.NumMethod(); i++ {
-		p.autoRouter[firstParam][rt.Method(i).Name] = ct
+		if !utils.InSlice(rt.Method(i).Name, exceptMethod) {
+			p.autoRouter[firstParam][rt.Method(i).Name] = ct
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Add auto router to ControllerRegistor with prefix.
+// example beego.AddAutoPrefix("/admin",&MainContorlller{}),
+// MainController has method List and Page.
+// visit the url /admin/main/list to execute List function
+// /admin/main/page to execute Page function.
+func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddAutoPrefix(prefix string, c ControllerInterface) {
+	p.enableAuto = true
+	reflectVal := reflect.ValueOf(c)
+	rt := reflectVal.Type()
+	ct := reflect.Indirect(reflectVal).Type()
+	firstParam := strings.Trim(prefix, "/") + "/" + strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(ct.Name(), "Controller"))
+	if _, ok := p.autoRouter[firstParam]; ok {
+		return
+	} else {
+		p.autoRouter[firstParam] = make(map[string]reflect.Type)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < rt.NumMethod(); i++ {
+		if !utils.InSlice(rt.Method(i).Name, exceptMethod) {
+			p.autoRouter[firstParam][rt.Method(i).Name] = ct
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 // [Deprecated] use InsertFilter.
 // Add FilterFunc with pattern for action.
-func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddFilter(pattern, action string, filter FilterFunc) {
+func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddFilter(pattern, action string, filter FilterFunc) error {
-	mr := buildFilter(pattern, filter)
+	mr, err := buildFilter(pattern, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	switch action {
 	case "BeforeRouter":
 		p.filters[BeforeRouter] = append(p.filters[BeforeRouter], mr)
@@ -253,13 +292,18 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) AddFilter(pattern, action string, filter FilterFunc
 		p.filters[FinishRouter] = append(p.filters[FinishRouter], mr)
 	}
 	p.enableFilter = true
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Add a FilterFunc with pattern rule and action constant.
-func (p *ControllerRegistor) InsertFilter(pattern string, pos int, filter FilterFunc) {
+func (p *ControllerRegistor) InsertFilter(pattern string, pos int, filter FilterFunc) error {
-	mr := buildFilter(pattern, filter)
+	mr, err := buildFilter(pattern, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	p.filters[pos] = append(p.filters[pos], mr)
 	p.enableFilter = true
+	return nil
 }
 
 // UrlFor does another controller handler in this request function.
@@ -485,7 +529,9 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 	// session init
 	if SessionOn {
 		context.Input.CruSession = GlobalSessions.SessionStart(w, r)
-		defer context.Input.CruSession.SessionRelease()
+		defer func() {
+			context.Input.CruSession.SessionRelease(w)
+		}()
 	}
 
 	if !utils.InSlice(strings.ToLower(r.Method), HTTPMETHOD) {
@@ -575,12 +621,11 @@ func (p *ControllerRegistor) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 		}
 		// pattern /admin   url /admin 200  /admin/ 200
 		// pattern /admin/  url /admin 301  /admin/ 200
-		if requestPath[n-1] != '/' && len(route.pattern) == n+1 &&
+		if requestPath[n-1] != '/' && requestPath+"/" == route.pattern {
-			route.pattern[n] == '/' && route.pattern[:n] == requestPath {
 			http.Redirect(w, r, requestPath+"/", 301)
 			goto Admin
 		}
-		if requestPath[n-1] == '/' && n >= 2 && requestPath[:n-2] == route.pattern {
+		if requestPath[n-1] == '/' && route.pattern+"/" == requestPath {
 			runMethod = p.getRunMethod(r.Method, context, route)
 			if runMethod != "" {
 				runrouter = route.controllerType
@@ -857,3 +902,13 @@ func (w *responseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
 	w.started = true
 	w.writer.WriteHeader(code)
 }
+
+// hijacker for http
+func (w *responseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	hj, ok := w.writer.(http.Hijacker)
+	if !ok {
+		println("supported?")
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("webserver doesn't support hijacking")
+	}
+	return hj.Hijack()
+}

router_test.go

@@ -198,3 +198,15 @@ func TestPrepare(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf(w.Body.String() + "user define func can't run")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAutoPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/admin/test/list", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handler := NewControllerRegistor()
+	handler.AddAutoPrefix("/admin", &TestController{})
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	if w.Body.String() != "i am list" {
+		t.Errorf("TestAutoPrefix can't run")
+	}
+}

session/README.md

@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ Then in you web app init the global session manager
 * Use **memory** as provider:
 
 		func init() {
-			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("memory", "gosessionid", 3600,"")
+			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("memory", `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":3600}`)
 			go globalSessions.GC()
 		}
 
 * Use **file** as provider, the last param is the path where you want file to be stored:
 
 		func init() {
-			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("file", "gosessionid", 3600, "./tmp")
+			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("file",`{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig","./tmp"}`)
 			go globalSessions.GC()
 		}
 
 * Use **Redis** as provider, the last param is the Redis conn address,poolsize,password:
 
 		func init() {
-			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("redis", "gosessionid", 3600, "127.0.0.1:6379,100,astaxie")
+			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager("redis", `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig","127.0.0.1:6379,100,astaxie"}`)
 			go globalSessions.GC()
 		}
 		
@@ -50,15 +50,24 @@ Then in you web app init the global session manager
 
 		func init() {
 			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager(
-				"mysql", "gosessionid", 3600, "username:password@protocol(address)/dbname?param=value")
+				"mysql", `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig","username:password@protocol(address)/dbname?param=value"}`)
 			go globalSessions.GC()
 		}
 
+* Use **Cookie** as provider:
+
+		func init() {
+			globalSessions, _ = session.NewManager(
+				"cookie", `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","enableSetCookie":false,gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig":"{\"cookieName\":\"gosessionid\",\"securityKey\":\"beegocookiehashkey\"}"}`)
+			go globalSessions.GC()
+		}
+
+
 Finally in the handlerfunc you can use it like this
 
 	func login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(w, r)
-		defer sess.SessionRelease()
+		defer sess.SessionRelease(w)
 		username := sess.Get("username")
 		fmt.Println(username)
 		if r.Method == "GET" {
@@ -78,19 +87,19 @@ When you develop a web app, maybe you want to write own provider because you mus
 
 Writing a provider is easy. You only need to define two struct types 
 (Session and Provider), which satisfy the interface definition. 
-Maybe you will find the **memory** provider as good example.
+Maybe you will find the **memory** provider is a good example.
 
 	type SessionStore interface {
-		Set(key, value interface{}) error //set session value
+		Set(key, value interface{}) error     //set session value
-		Get(key interface{}) interface{}  //get session value
+		Get(key interface{}) interface{}      //get session value
-		Delete(key interface{}) error     //delete session value
+		Delete(key interface{}) error         //delete session value
-		SessionID() string                //back current sessionID
+		SessionID() string                    //back current sessionID
-		SessionRelease()                  // release the resource & save data to provider
+		SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) // release the resource & save data to provider & return the data
-		Flush() error                     //delete all data
+		Flush() error                         //delete all data
 	}
 	
 	type Provider interface {
-		SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error
+		SessionInit(gclifetime int64, config string) error
 		SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error)
 		SessionExist(sid string) bool
 		SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error)

session/sess_cookie.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package session
+
+import (
+	"crypto/aes"
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+var cookiepder = &CookieProvider{}
+
+// Cookie SessionStore
+type CookieSessionStore struct {
+	sid    string
+	values map[interface{}]interface{} // session data
+	lock   sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// Set value to cookie session.
+// the value are encoded as gob with hash block string.
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
+	st.lock.Lock()
+	defer st.lock.Unlock()
+	st.values[key] = value
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get value from cookie session
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
+	st.lock.RLock()
+	defer st.lock.RUnlock()
+	if v, ok := st.values[key]; ok {
+		return v
+	} else {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete value in cookie session
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
+	st.lock.Lock()
+	defer st.lock.Unlock()
+	delete(st.values, key)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Clean all values in cookie session
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) Flush() error {
+	st.lock.Lock()
+	defer st.lock.Unlock()
+	st.values = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Return id of this cookie session
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) SessionID() string {
+	return st.sid
+}
+
+// Write cookie session to http response cookie
+func (st *CookieSessionStore) SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) {
+	str, err := encodeCookie(cookiepder.block,
+		cookiepder.config.SecurityKey,
+		cookiepder.config.SecurityName,
+		st.values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cookie := &http.Cookie{Name: cookiepder.config.CookieName,
+		Value:    url.QueryEscape(str),
+		Path:     "/",
+		HttpOnly: true,
+		Secure:   cookiepder.config.Secure}
+	http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
+	return
+}
+
+type cookieConfig struct {
+	SecurityKey  string `json:"securityKey"`
+	BlockKey     string `json:"blockKey"`
+	SecurityName string `json:"securityName"`
+	CookieName   string `json:"cookieName"`
+	Secure       bool   `json:"secure"`
+	Maxage       int    `json:"maxage"`
+}
+
+// Cookie session provider
+type CookieProvider struct {
+	maxlifetime int64
+	config      *cookieConfig
+	block       cipher.Block
+}
+
+// Init cookie session provider with max lifetime and config json.
+// maxlifetime is ignored.
+// json config:
+// 	securityKey - hash string
+// 	blockKey - gob encode hash string. it's saved as aes crypto.
+// 	securityName - recognized name in encoded cookie string
+// 	cookieName - cookie name
+// 	maxage - cookie max life time.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, config string) error {
+	pder.config = &cookieConfig{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), pder.config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if pder.config.BlockKey == "" {
+		pder.config.BlockKey = string(generateRandomKey(16))
+	}
+	if pder.config.SecurityName == "" {
+		pder.config.SecurityName = string(generateRandomKey(20))
+	}
+	pder.block, err = aes.NewCipher([]byte(pder.config.BlockKey))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get SessionStore in cooke.
+// decode cooke string to map and put into SessionStore with sid.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
+	maps, _ := decodeCookie(pder.block,
+		pder.config.SecurityKey,
+		pder.config.SecurityName,
+		sid, pder.maxlifetime)
+	if maps == nil {
+		maps = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	}
+	rs := &CookieSessionStore{sid: sid, values: maps}
+	return rs, nil
+}
+
+// Cookie session is always existed
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// Implement method, no used.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Implement method, no used.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Implement method, no used.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionGC() {
+	return
+}
+
+// Implement method, return 0.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionAll() int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Implement method, no used.
+func (pder *CookieProvider) SessionUpdate(sid string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	Register("cookie", cookiepder)
+}

session/sess_cookie_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package session
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCookie(t *testing.T) {
+	config := `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","enableSetCookie":false,"gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig":"{\"cookieName\":\"gosessionid\",\"securityKey\":\"beegocookiehashkey\"}"}`
+	globalSessions, err := NewManager("cookie", config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("init cookie session err", err)
+	}
+	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(w, r)
+	err = sess.Set("username", "astaxie")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("set error,", err)
+	}
+	if username := sess.Get("username"); username != "astaxie" {
+		t.Fatal("get username error")
+	}
+	sess.SessionRelease(w)
+	if cookiestr := w.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"); cookiestr == "" {
+		t.Fatal("setcookie error")
+	} else {
+		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(cookiestr), ";")
+		for k, v := range parts {
+			nameval := strings.Split(v, "=")
+			if k == 0 && nameval[0] != "gosessionid" {
+				t.Fatal("error")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

session/sess_file.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ var (
 	gcmaxlifetime int64
 )
 
+// File session store
 type FileSessionStore struct {
 	f      *os.File
 	sid    string
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ type FileSessionStore struct {
 	values map[interface{}]interface{}
 }
 
+// Set value to file session
 func (fs *FileSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	fs.lock.Lock()
 	defer fs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ func (fs *FileSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Get value from file session
 func (fs *FileSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	fs.lock.RLock()
 	defer fs.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@ func (fs *FileSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Delete value in file session by given key
 func (fs *FileSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	fs.lock.Lock()
 	defer fs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -49,6 +54,7 @@ func (fs *FileSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Clean all values in file session
 func (fs *FileSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	fs.lock.Lock()
 	defer fs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -56,11 +62,13 @@ func (fs *FileSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Get file session store id
 func (fs *FileSessionStore) SessionID() string {
 	return fs.sid
 }
 
-func (fs *FileSessionStore) SessionRelease() {
+// Write file session to local file with Gob string
+func (fs *FileSessionStore) SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	defer fs.f.Close()
 	b, err := encodeGob(fs.values)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -71,17 +79,23 @@ func (fs *FileSessionStore) SessionRelease() {
 	fs.f.Write(b)
 }
 
+// File session provider
 type FileProvider struct {
 	maxlifetime int64
 	savePath    string
 }
 
+// Init file session provider.
+// savePath sets the session files path.
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error {
 	fp.maxlifetime = maxlifetime
 	fp.savePath = savePath
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Read file session by sid.
+// if file is not exist, create it.
+// the file path is generated from sid string.
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(fp.savePath, string(sid[0]), string(sid[1])), 0777)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -116,6 +130,8 @@ func (fp *FileProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	return ss, nil
 }
 
+// Check file session exist.
+// it checkes the file named from sid exist or not.
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	_, err := os.Stat(path.Join(fp.savePath, string(sid[0]), string(sid[1]), sid))
 	if err == nil {
@@ -125,16 +141,20 @@ func (fp *FileProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// Remove all files in this save path
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	os.Remove(path.Join(fp.savePath))
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Recycle files in save path
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionGC() {
 	gcmaxlifetime = fp.maxlifetime
 	filepath.Walk(fp.savePath, gcpath)
 }
 
+// Get active file session number.
+// it walks save path to count files.
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionAll() int {
 	a := &activeSession{}
 	err := filepath.Walk(fp.savePath, func(path string, f os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -147,6 +167,8 @@ func (fp *FileProvider) SessionAll() int {
 	return a.total
 }
 
+// Generate new sid for file session.
+// it delete old file and create new file named from new sid.
 func (fp *FileProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(fp.savePath, string(oldsid[0]), string(oldsid[1])), 0777)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -196,6 +218,7 @@ func (fp *FileProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, err
 	return ss, nil
 }
 
+// remove file in save path if expired
 func gcpath(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

session/sess_gob.go

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package session
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/gob"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	gob.Register([]interface{}{})
-	gob.Register(map[int]interface{}{})
-	gob.Register(map[string]interface{}{})
-	gob.Register(map[interface{}]interface{}{})
-	gob.Register(map[string]string{})
-	gob.Register(map[int]string{})
-	gob.Register(map[int]int{})
-	gob.Register(map[int]int64{})
-}
-
-func encodeGob(obj map[interface{}]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	enc := gob.NewEncoder(buf)
-	err := enc.Encode(obj)
-	if err != nil {
-		return []byte(""), err
-	}
-	return buf.Bytes(), nil
-}
-
-func decodeGob(encoded []byte) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(encoded)
-	dec := gob.NewDecoder(buf)
-	var out map[interface{}]interface{}
-	err := dec.Decode(&out)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}

session/sess_mem.go

@@ -2,19 +2,23 @@ package session
 
 import (
 	"container/list"
+	"net/http"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
 var mempder = &MemProvider{list: list.New(), sessions: make(map[string]*list.Element)}
 
+// memory session store.
+// it saved sessions in a map in memory.
 type MemSessionStore struct {
-	sid          string                      //session id唯一标示
+	sid          string                      //session id
-	timeAccessed time.Time                   //最后访问时间
+	timeAccessed time.Time                   //last access time
-	value        map[interface{}]interface{} //session里面存储的值
+	value        map[interface{}]interface{} //session store
 	lock         sync.RWMutex
 }
 
+// set value to memory session
 func (st *MemSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -22,6 +26,7 @@ func (st *MemSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get value from memory session by key
 func (st *MemSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	st.lock.RLock()
 	defer st.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -33,6 +38,7 @@ func (st *MemSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// delete in memory session by key
 func (st *MemSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@ func (st *MemSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// clear all values in memory session
 func (st *MemSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -47,28 +54,31 @@ func (st *MemSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get this id of memory session store
 func (st *MemSessionStore) SessionID() string {
 	return st.sid
 }
 
-func (st *MemSessionStore) SessionRelease() {
+// Implement method, no used.
-
+func (st *MemSessionStore) SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 }
 
 type MemProvider struct {
-	lock        sync.RWMutex             //用来锁
+	lock        sync.RWMutex             // locker
-	sessions    map[string]*list.Element //用来存储在内存
+	sessions    map[string]*list.Element // map in memory
-	list        *list.List               //用来做gc
+	list        *list.List               // for gc
 	maxlifetime int64
 	savePath    string
 }
 
+// init memory session
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error {
 	pder.maxlifetime = maxlifetime
 	pder.savePath = savePath
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get memory session store by sid
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	pder.lock.RLock()
 	if element, ok := pder.sessions[sid]; ok {
@@ -87,6 +97,7 @@ func (pder *MemProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// check session store exist in memory session by sid
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	pder.lock.RLock()
 	defer pder.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -97,6 +108,7 @@ func (pder *MemProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// generate new sid for session store in memory session
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	pder.lock.RLock()
 	if element, ok := pder.sessions[oldsid]; ok {
@@ -120,6 +132,7 @@ func (pder *MemProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, er
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// delete session store in memory session by id
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	pder.lock.Lock()
 	defer pder.lock.Unlock()
@@ -131,6 +144,7 @@ func (pder *MemProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// clean expired session stores in memory session
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionGC() {
 	pder.lock.RLock()
 	for {
@@ -152,10 +166,12 @@ func (pder *MemProvider) SessionGC() {
 	pder.lock.RUnlock()
 }
 
+// get count number of memory session
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionAll() int {
 	return pder.list.Len()
 }
 
+// expand time of session store by id in memory session
 func (pder *MemProvider) SessionUpdate(sid string) error {
 	pder.lock.Lock()
 	defer pder.lock.Unlock()

session/sess_mem_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package session
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestMem(t *testing.T) {
+	globalSessions, _ := NewManager("memory", `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":10}`)
+	go globalSessions.GC()
+	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	sess := globalSessions.SessionStart(w, r)
+	defer sess.SessionRelease(w)
+	err := sess.Set("username", "astaxie")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("set error,", err)
+	}
+	if username := sess.Get("username"); username != "astaxie" {
+		t.Fatal("get username error")
+	}
+	if cookiestr := w.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"); cookiestr == "" {
+		t.Fatal("setcookie error")
+	} else {
+		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(cookiestr), ";")
+		for k, v := range parts {
+			nameval := strings.Split(v, "=")
+			if k == 0 && nameval[0] != "gosessionid" {
+				t.Fatal("error")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

session/sess_mysql.go

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package session
 
-//CREATE TABLE `session` (
+// mysql session support need create table as sql:
-//  `session_key` char(64) NOT NULL,
+//	CREATE TABLE `session` (
-//  `session_data` blob,
+//	`session_key` char(64) NOT NULL,
-//  `session_expiry` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
+//	session_data` blob,
-//  PRIMARY KEY (`session_key`)
+//	`session_expiry` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
-//) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
+//	PRIMARY KEY (`session_key`)
+//	) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
+	"net/http"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 
 var mysqlpder = &MysqlProvider{}
 
+// mysql session store
 type MysqlSessionStore struct {
 	c      *sql.DB
 	sid    string
@@ -24,6 +27,8 @@ type MysqlSessionStore struct {
 	values map[interface{}]interface{}
 }
 
+// set value in mysql session.
+// it is temp value in map.
 func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -31,6 +36,7 @@ func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get value from mysql session
 func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	st.lock.RLock()
 	defer st.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@ func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// delete value in mysql session
 func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -49,6 +56,7 @@ func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// clear all values in mysql session
 func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	st.lock.Lock()
 	defer st.lock.Unlock()
@@ -56,26 +64,31 @@ func (st *MysqlSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get session id of this mysql session store
 func (st *MysqlSessionStore) SessionID() string {
 	return st.sid
 }
 
-func (st *MysqlSessionStore) SessionRelease() {
+// save mysql session values to database.
+// must call this method to save values to database.
+func (st *MysqlSessionStore) SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	defer st.c.Close()
-	if len(st.values) > 0 {
+	b, err := encodeGob(st.values)
-		b, err := encodeGob(st.values)
+	if err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+		return
-			return
-		}
-		st.c.Exec("UPDATE session set `session_data`= ? where session_key=?", b, st.sid)
 	}
+	st.c.Exec("UPDATE session set `session_data`=?, `session_expiry`=? where session_key=?",
+		b, time.Now().Unix(), st.sid)
+
 }
 
+// mysql session provider
 type MysqlProvider struct {
 	maxlifetime int64
 	savePath    string
 }
 
+// connect to mysql
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) connectInit() *sql.DB {
 	db, e := sql.Open("mysql", mp.savePath)
 	if e != nil {
@@ -84,19 +97,23 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) connectInit() *sql.DB {
 	return db
 }
 
+// init mysql session.
+// savepath is the connection string of mysql.
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error {
 	mp.maxlifetime = maxlifetime
 	mp.savePath = savePath
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get mysql session by sid
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
 	row := c.QueryRow("select session_data from session where session_key=?", sid)
 	var sessiondata []byte
 	err := row.Scan(&sessiondata)
 	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-		c.Exec("insert into session(`session_key`,`session_data`,`session_expiry`) values(?,?,?)", sid, "", time.Now().Unix())
+		c.Exec("insert into session(`session_key`,`session_data`,`session_expiry`) values(?,?,?)",
+			sid, "", time.Now().Unix())
 	}
 	var kv map[interface{}]interface{}
 	if len(sessiondata) == 0 {
@@ -111,8 +128,10 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	return rs, nil
 }
 
+// check mysql session exist
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
+	defer c.Close()
 	row := c.QueryRow("select session_data from session where session_key=?", sid)
 	var sessiondata []byte
 	err := row.Scan(&sessiondata)
@@ -123,6 +142,7 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// generate new sid for mysql session
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
 	row := c.QueryRow("select session_data from session where session_key=?", oldsid)
@@ -145,6 +165,7 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, er
 	return rs, nil
 }
 
+// delete mysql session by sid
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
 	c.Exec("DELETE FROM session where session_key=?", sid)
@@ -152,6 +173,7 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// delete expired values in mysql session
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionGC() {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
 	c.Exec("DELETE from session where session_expiry < ?", time.Now().Unix()-mp.maxlifetime)
@@ -159,6 +181,7 @@ func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionGC() {
 	return
 }
 
+// count values in mysql session
 func (mp *MysqlProvider) SessionAll() int {
 	c := mp.connectInit()
 	defer c.Close()

session/sess_redis.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package session
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -10,18 +11,21 @@ import (
 
 var redispder = &RedisProvider{}
 
+// redis max pool size
 var MAX_POOL_SIZE = 100
 
 var redisPool chan redis.Conn
 
+// redis session store
 type RedisSessionStore struct {
-	c           redis.Conn
+	p           *redis.Pool
 	sid         string
 	lock        sync.RWMutex
 	values      map[interface{}]interface{}
 	maxlifetime int64
 }
 
+// set value in redis session
 func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	rs.lock.Lock()
 	defer rs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -29,6 +33,7 @@ func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Set(key, value interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get value in redis session
 func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	rs.lock.RLock()
 	defer rs.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -40,6 +45,7 @@ func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Get(key interface{}) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// delete value in redis session
 func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	rs.lock.Lock()
 	defer rs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -47,6 +53,7 @@ func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Delete(key interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// clear all values in redis session
 func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	rs.lock.Lock()
 	defer rs.lock.Unlock()
@@ -54,22 +61,31 @@ func (rs *RedisSessionStore) Flush() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// get redis session id
 func (rs *RedisSessionStore) SessionID() string {
 	return rs.sid
 }
 
-func (rs *RedisSessionStore) SessionRelease() {
+// save session values to redis
-	defer rs.c.Close()
+func (rs *RedisSessionStore) SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) {
-	if len(rs.values) > 0 {
+	c := rs.p.Get()
-		b, err := encodeGob(rs.values)
+	defer c.Close()
-		if err != nil {
+
-			return
+	// if rs.values is empty, return directly
-		}
+	if len(rs.values) < 1 {
-		rs.c.Do("SET", rs.sid, string(b))
+		c.Do("DEL", rs.sid)
-		rs.c.Do("EXPIRE", rs.sid, rs.maxlifetime)
+		return
 	}
+
+	b, err := encodeGob(rs.values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Do("SET", rs.sid, string(b), "EX", rs.maxlifetime)
 }
 
+// redis session provider
 type RedisProvider struct {
 	maxlifetime int64
 	savePath    string
@@ -78,8 +94,9 @@ type RedisProvider struct {
 	poollist    *redis.Pool
 }
 
-//savepath like redisserveraddr,poolsize,password
+// init redis session
-//127.0.0.1:6379,100,astaxie
+// savepath like redis server addr,pool size,password
+// e.g. 127.0.0.1:6379,100,astaxie
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error {
 	rp.maxlifetime = maxlifetime
 	configs := strings.Split(savePath, ",")
@@ -115,12 +132,11 @@ func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// read redis session by sid
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	c := rp.poollist.Get()
-	if existed, err := redis.Int(c.Do("EXISTS", sid)); err != nil || existed == 0 {
+	defer c.Close()
-		c.Do("SET", sid)
+
-	}
-	c.Do("EXPIRE", sid, rp.maxlifetime)
 	kvs, err := redis.String(c.Do("GET", sid))
 	var kv map[interface{}]interface{}
 	if len(kvs) == 0 {
@@ -131,13 +147,16 @@ func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	rs := &RedisSessionStore{c: c, sid: sid, values: kv, maxlifetime: rp.maxlifetime}
+
+	rs := &RedisSessionStore{p: rp.poollist, sid: sid, values: kv, maxlifetime: rp.maxlifetime}
 	return rs, nil
 }
 
+// check redis session exist by sid
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	c := rp.poollist.Get()
 	defer c.Close()
+
 	if existed, err := redis.Int(c.Do("EXISTS", sid)); err != nil || existed == 0 {
 		return false
 	} else {
@@ -145,13 +164,21 @@ func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionExist(sid string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// generate new sid for redis session
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error) {
 	c := rp.poollist.Get()
-	if existed, err := redis.Int(c.Do("EXISTS", oldsid)); err != nil || existed == 0 {
+	defer c.Close()
-		c.Do("SET", oldsid)
+
+	if existed, _ := redis.Int(c.Do("EXISTS", oldsid)); existed == 0 {
+		// oldsid doesn't exists, set the new sid directly
+		// ignore error here, since if it return error
+		// the existed value will be 0
+		c.Do("SET", sid, "", "EX", rp.maxlifetime)
+	} else {
+		c.Do("RENAME", oldsid, sid)
+		c.Do("EXPIRE", sid, rp.maxlifetime)
 	}
-	c.Do("RENAME", oldsid, sid)
+
-	c.Do("EXPIRE", sid, rp.maxlifetime)
 	kvs, err := redis.String(c.Do("GET", sid))
 	var kv map[interface{}]interface{}
 	if len(kvs) == 0 {
@@ -162,24 +189,27 @@ func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, er
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	rs := &RedisSessionStore{c: c, sid: sid, values: kv, maxlifetime: rp.maxlifetime}
+
+	rs := &RedisSessionStore{p: rp.poollist, sid: sid, values: kv, maxlifetime: rp.maxlifetime}
 	return rs, nil
 }
 
+// delete redis session by id
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionDestroy(sid string) error {
 	c := rp.poollist.Get()
 	defer c.Close()
+
 	c.Do("DEL", sid)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Impelment method, no used.
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionGC() {
 	return
 }
 
-//@todo
+// @todo
 func (rp *RedisProvider) SessionAll() int {
-
 	return 0
 }
 

session/sess_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package session
 
 import (
+	"crypto/aes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -26,3 +28,82 @@ func Test_gob(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("decode int error")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
+	str := generateRandomKey(20)
+	if len(str) != 20 {
+		t.Fatal("generate length is not equal to 20")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCookieEncodeDecode(t *testing.T) {
+	hashKey := "testhashKey"
+	blockkey := generateRandomKey(16)
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(blockkey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("NewCipher:", err)
+	}
+	securityName := string(generateRandomKey(20))
+	val := make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	val["name"] = "astaxie"
+	val["gender"] = "male"
+	str, err := encodeCookie(block, hashKey, securityName, val)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("encodeCookie:", err)
+	}
+	dst := make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	dst, err = decodeCookie(block, hashKey, securityName, str, 3600)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("decodeCookie", err)
+	}
+	if dst["name"] != "astaxie" {
+		t.Fatal("dst get map error")
+	}
+	if dst["gender"] != "male" {
+		t.Fatal("dst get map error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	s := `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","gclifetime":3600}`
+	cf := new(managerConfig)
+	cf.EnableSetCookie = true
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), cf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("parse json error,", err)
+	}
+	if cf.CookieName != "gosessionid" {
+		t.Fatal("parseconfig get cookiename error")
+	}
+	if cf.Gclifetime != 3600 {
+		t.Fatal("parseconfig get gclifetime error")
+	}
+
+	cc := `{"cookieName":"gosessionid","enableSetCookie":false,"gclifetime":3600,"ProviderConfig":"{\"cookieName\":\"gosessionid\",\"securityKey\":\"beegocookiehashkey\"}"}`
+	cf2 := new(managerConfig)
+	cf2.EnableSetCookie = true
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(cc), cf2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("parse json error,", err)
+	}
+	if cf2.CookieName != "gosessionid" {
+		t.Fatal("parseconfig get cookiename error")
+	}
+	if cf2.Gclifetime != 3600 {
+		t.Fatal("parseconfig get gclifetime error")
+	}
+	if cf2.EnableSetCookie != false {
+		t.Fatal("parseconfig get enableSetCookie error")
+	}
+	cconfig := new(cookieConfig)
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(cf2.ProviderConfig), cconfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("parse ProviderConfig err,", err)
+	}
+	if cconfig.CookieName != "gosessionid" {
+		t.Fatal("ProviderConfig get cookieName error")
+	}
+	if cconfig.SecurityKey != "beegocookiehashkey" {
+		t.Fatal("ProviderConfig get securityKey error")
+	}
+}

session/sess_utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package session
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gob.Register([]interface{}{})
+	gob.Register(map[int]interface{}{})
+	gob.Register(map[string]interface{}{})
+	gob.Register(map[interface{}]interface{}{})
+	gob.Register(map[string]string{})
+	gob.Register(map[int]string{})
+	gob.Register(map[int]int{})
+	gob.Register(map[int]int64{})
+}
+
+func encodeGob(obj map[interface{}]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	enc := gob.NewEncoder(buf)
+	err := enc.Encode(obj)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte(""), err
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func decodeGob(encoded []byte) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(encoded)
+	dec := gob.NewDecoder(buf)
+	var out map[interface{}]interface{}
+	err := dec.Decode(&out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// generateRandomKey creates a random key with the given strength.
+func generateRandomKey(strength int) []byte {
+	k := make([]byte, strength)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, k); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return k
+}
+
+// Encryption -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// encrypt encrypts a value using the given block in counter mode.
+//
+// A random initialization vector (http://goo.gl/zF67k) with the length of the
+// block size is prepended to the resulting ciphertext.
+func encrypt(block cipher.Block, value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	iv := generateRandomKey(block.BlockSize())
+	if iv == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("encrypt: failed to generate random iv")
+	}
+	// Encrypt it.
+	stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
+	stream.XORKeyStream(value, value)
+	// Return iv + ciphertext.
+	return append(iv, value...), nil
+}
+
+// decrypt decrypts a value using the given block in counter mode.
+//
+// The value to be decrypted must be prepended by a initialization vector
+// (http://goo.gl/zF67k) with the length of the block size.
+func decrypt(block cipher.Block, value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	size := block.BlockSize()
+	if len(value) > size {
+		// Extract iv.
+		iv := value[:size]
+		// Extract ciphertext.
+		value = value[size:]
+		// Decrypt it.
+		stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
+		stream.XORKeyStream(value, value)
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("decrypt: the value could not be decrypted")
+}
+
+func encodeCookie(block cipher.Block, hashKey, name string, value map[interface{}]interface{}) (string, error) {
+	var err error
+	var b []byte
+	// 1. encodeGob.
+	if b, err = encodeGob(value); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// 2. Encrypt (optional).
+	if b, err = encrypt(block, b); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	b = encode(b)
+	// 3. Create MAC for "name|date|value". Extra pipe to be used later.
+	b = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s|%d|%s|", name, time.Now().UTC().Unix(), b))
+	h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(hashKey))
+	h.Write(b)
+	sig := h.Sum(nil)
+	// Append mac, remove name.
+	b = append(b, sig...)[len(name)+1:]
+	// 4. Encode to base64.
+	b = encode(b)
+	// Done.
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+func decodeCookie(block cipher.Block, hashKey, name, value string, gcmaxlifetime int64) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	// 1. Decode from base64.
+	b, err := decode([]byte(value))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// 2. Verify MAC. Value is "date|value|mac".
+	parts := bytes.SplitN(b, []byte("|"), 3)
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return nil, errors.New("Decode: invalid value %v")
+	}
+
+	b = append([]byte(name+"|"), b[:len(b)-len(parts[2])]...)
+	h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(hashKey))
+	h.Write(b)
+	sig := h.Sum(nil)
+	if len(sig) != len(parts[2]) || subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(sig, parts[2]) != 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("Decode: the value is not valid")
+	}
+	// 3. Verify date ranges.
+	var t1 int64
+	if t1, err = strconv.ParseInt(string(parts[0]), 10, 64); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("Decode: invalid timestamp")
+	}
+	t2 := time.Now().UTC().Unix()
+	if t1 > t2 {
+		return nil, errors.New("Decode: timestamp is too new")
+	}
+	if t1 < t2-gcmaxlifetime {
+		return nil, errors.New("Decode: expired timestamp")
+	}
+	// 4. Decrypt (optional).
+	b, err = decode(parts[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if b, err = decrypt(block, b); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// 5. decodeGob.
+	if dst, err := decodeGob(b); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		return dst, nil
+	}
+	// Done.
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// Encoding -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// encode encodes a value using base64.
+func encode(value []byte) []byte {
+	encoded := make([]byte, base64.URLEncoding.EncodedLen(len(value)))
+	base64.URLEncoding.Encode(encoded, value)
+	return encoded
+}
+
+// decode decodes a cookie using base64.
+func decode(value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	decoded := make([]byte, base64.URLEncoding.DecodedLen(len(value)))
+	b, err := base64.URLEncoding.Decode(decoded, value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return decoded[:b], nil
+}

session/session.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -13,17 +14,20 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// SessionStore contains all data for one session process with specific id.
 type SessionStore interface {
-	Set(key, value interface{}) error //set session value
+	Set(key, value interface{}) error     //set session value
-	Get(key interface{}) interface{}  //get session value
+	Get(key interface{}) interface{}      //get session value
-	Delete(key interface{}) error     //delete session value
+	Delete(key interface{}) error         //delete session value
-	SessionID() string                //back current sessionID
+	SessionID() string                    //back current sessionID
-	SessionRelease()                  // release the resource & save data to provider
+	SessionRelease(w http.ResponseWriter) // release the resource & save data to provider & return the data
-	Flush() error                     //delete all data
+	Flush() error                         //delete all data
 }
 
+// Provider contains global session methods and saved SessionStores.
+// it can operate a SessionStore by its id.
 type Provider interface {
-	SessionInit(maxlifetime int64, savePath string) error
+	SessionInit(gclifetime int64, config string) error
 	SessionRead(sid string) (SessionStore, error)
 	SessionExist(sid string) bool
 	SessionRegenerate(oldsid, sid string) (SessionStore, error)
@@ -47,90 +51,86 @@ func Register(name string, provide Provider) {
 	provides[name] = provide
 }
 
-type Manager struct {
+type managerConfig struct {
-	cookieName  string //private cookiename
+	CookieName        string `json:"cookieName"`
-	provider    Provider
+	EnableSetCookie   bool   `json:"enableSetCookie,omitempty"`
-	maxlifetime int64
+	Gclifetime        int64  `json:"gclifetime"`
-	hashfunc    string //support md5 & sha1
+	Maxlifetime       int64  `json:"maxLifetime"`
-	hashkey     string
+	Maxage            int    `json:"maxage"`
-	maxage      int //cookielifetime
+	Secure            bool   `json:"secure"`
-	secure      bool
+	SessionIDHashFunc string `json:"sessionIDHashFunc"`
-	options     []interface{}
+	SessionIDHashKey  string `json:"sessionIDHashKey"`
+	CookieLifeTime    int64  `json:"cookieLifeTime"`
+	ProviderConfig    string `json:"providerConfig"`
 }
 
-//options
+// Manager contains Provider and its configuration.
-//1. is https  default false
+type Manager struct {
-//2. hashfunc  default sha1
+	provider Provider
-//3. hashkey default beegosessionkey
+	config   *managerConfig
-//4. maxage default is none
+}
-func NewManager(provideName, cookieName string, maxlifetime int64, savePath string, options ...interface{}) (*Manager, error) {
+
+// Create new Manager with provider name and json config string.
+// provider name:
+// 1. cookie
+// 2. file
+// 3. memory
+// 4. redis
+// 5. mysql
+// json config:
+// 1. is https  default false
+// 2. hashfunc  default sha1
+// 3. hashkey default beegosessionkey
+// 4. maxage default is none
+func NewManager(provideName, config string) (*Manager, error) {
 	provider, ok := provides[provideName]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("session: unknown provide %q (forgotten import?)", provideName)
 	}
-	provider.SessionInit(maxlifetime, savePath)
+	cf := new(managerConfig)
-	secure := false
+	cf.EnableSetCookie = true
-	if len(options) > 0 {
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), cf)
-		secure = options[0].(bool)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	hashfunc := "sha1"
+	if cf.Maxlifetime == 0 {
-	if len(options) > 1 {
+		cf.Maxlifetime = cf.Gclifetime
-		hashfunc = options[1].(string)
 	}
-	hashkey := "beegosessionkey"
+	err = provider.SessionInit(cf.Maxlifetime, cf.ProviderConfig)
-	if len(options) > 2 {
+	if err != nil {
-		hashkey = options[2].(string)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	maxage := -1
+	if cf.SessionIDHashFunc == "" {
-	if len(options) > 3 {
+		cf.SessionIDHashFunc = "sha1"
-		switch options[3].(type) {
-		case int:
-			if options[3].(int) > 0 {
-				maxage = options[3].(int)
-			} else if options[3].(int) < 0 {
-				maxage = 0
-			}
-		case int64:
-			if options[3].(int64) > 0 {
-				maxage = int(options[3].(int64))
-			} else if options[3].(int64) < 0 {
-				maxage = 0
-			}
-		case int32:
-			if options[3].(int32) > 0 {
-				maxage = int(options[3].(int32))
-			} else if options[3].(int32) < 0 {
-				maxage = 0
-			}
-		}
 	}
+	if cf.SessionIDHashKey == "" {
+		cf.SessionIDHashKey = string(generateRandomKey(16))
+	}
+
 	return &Manager{
-		provider:    provider,
+		provider,
-		cookieName:  cookieName,
+		cf,
-		maxlifetime: maxlifetime,
-		hashfunc:    hashfunc,
-		hashkey:     hashkey,
-		maxage:      maxage,
-		secure:      secure,
-		options:     options,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-//get Session
+// Start session. generate or read the session id from http request.
+// if session id exists, return SessionStore with this id.
 func (manager *Manager) SessionStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (session SessionStore) {
-	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.cookieName)
+	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.config.CookieName)
 	if err != nil || cookie.Value == "" {
 		sid := manager.sessionId(r)
 		session, _ = manager.provider.SessionRead(sid)
-		cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.cookieName,
+		cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.config.CookieName,
 			Value:    url.QueryEscape(sid),
 			Path:     "/",
 			HttpOnly: true,
-			Secure:   manager.secure}
+			Secure:   manager.config.Secure}
-		if manager.maxage >= 0 {
+		if manager.config.Maxage >= 0 {
-			cookie.MaxAge = manager.maxage
+			cookie.MaxAge = manager.config.Maxage
+		}
+		if manager.config.EnableSetCookie {
+			http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
 		}
-		http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
 		r.AddCookie(cookie)
 	} else {
 		sid, _ := url.QueryUnescape(cookie.Value)
@@ -139,55 +139,65 @@ func (manager *Manager) SessionStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (se
 		} else {
 			sid = manager.sessionId(r)
 			session, _ = manager.provider.SessionRead(sid)
-			cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.cookieName,
+			cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.config.CookieName,
 				Value:    url.QueryEscape(sid),
 				Path:     "/",
 				HttpOnly: true,
-				Secure:   manager.secure}
+				Secure:   manager.config.Secure}
-			if manager.maxage >= 0 {
+			if manager.config.Maxage >= 0 {
-				cookie.MaxAge = manager.maxage
+				cookie.MaxAge = manager.config.Maxage
+			}
+			if manager.config.EnableSetCookie {
+				http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
 			}
-			http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
 			r.AddCookie(cookie)
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-//Destroy sessionid
+// Destroy session by its id in http request cookie.
 func (manager *Manager) SessionDestroy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.cookieName)
+	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.config.CookieName)
 	if err != nil || cookie.Value == "" {
 		return
 	} else {
 		manager.provider.SessionDestroy(cookie.Value)
 		expiration := time.Now()
-		cookie := http.Cookie{Name: manager.cookieName, Path: "/", HttpOnly: true, Expires: expiration, MaxAge: -1}
+		cookie := http.Cookie{Name: manager.config.CookieName,
+			Path:     "/",
+			HttpOnly: true,
+			Expires:  expiration,
+			MaxAge:   -1}
 		http.SetCookie(w, &cookie)
 	}
 }
 
+// Get SessionStore by its id.
 func (manager *Manager) GetProvider(sid string) (sessions SessionStore, err error) {
 	sessions, err = manager.provider.SessionRead(sid)
 	return
 }
 
+// Start session gc process.
+// it can do gc in times after gc lifetime.
 func (manager *Manager) GC() {
 	manager.provider.SessionGC()
-	time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(manager.maxlifetime)*time.Second, func() { manager.GC() })
+	time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(manager.config.Gclifetime)*time.Second, func() { manager.GC() })
 }
 
+// Regenerate a session id for this SessionStore who's id is saving in http request.
 func (manager *Manager) SessionRegenerateId(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (session SessionStore) {
 	sid := manager.sessionId(r)
-	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.cookieName)
+	cookie, err := r.Cookie(manager.config.CookieName)
 	if err != nil && cookie.Value == "" {
 		//delete old cookie
 		session, _ = manager.provider.SessionRead(sid)
-		cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.cookieName,
+		cookie = &http.Cookie{Name: manager.config.CookieName,
 			Value:    url.QueryEscape(sid),
 			Path:     "/",
 			HttpOnly: true,
-			Secure:   manager.secure,
+			Secure:   manager.config.Secure,
 		}
 	} else {
 		oldsid, _ := url.QueryUnescape(cookie.Value)
@@ -196,44 +206,47 @@ func (manager *Manager) SessionRegenerateId(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reque
 		cookie.HttpOnly = true
 		cookie.Path = "/"
 	}
-	if manager.maxage >= 0 {
+	if manager.config.Maxage >= 0 {
-		cookie.MaxAge = manager.maxage
+		cookie.MaxAge = manager.config.Maxage
 	}
 	http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
 	r.AddCookie(cookie)
 	return
 }
 
+// Get all active sessions count number.
 func (manager *Manager) GetActiveSession() int {
 	return manager.provider.SessionAll()
 }
 
+// Set hash function for generating session id.
 func (manager *Manager) SetHashFunc(hasfunc, hashkey string) {
-	manager.hashfunc = hasfunc
+	manager.config.SessionIDHashFunc = hasfunc
-	manager.hashkey = hashkey
+	manager.config.SessionIDHashKey = hashkey
 }
 
+// Set cookie with https.
 func (manager *Manager) SetSecure(secure bool) {
-	manager.secure = secure
+	manager.config.Secure = secure
 }
 
-//remote_addr cruunixnano randdata
+// generate session id with rand string, unix nano time, remote addr by hash function.
 func (manager *Manager) sessionId(r *http.Request) (sid string) {
 	bs := make([]byte, 24)
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, bs); err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 	sig := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d%s", r.RemoteAddr, time.Now().UnixNano(), bs)
-	if manager.hashfunc == "md5" {
+	if manager.config.SessionIDHashFunc == "md5" {
 		h := md5.New()
 		h.Write([]byte(sig))
 		sid = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
-	} else if manager.hashfunc == "sha1" {
+	} else if manager.config.SessionIDHashFunc == "sha1" {
-		h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(manager.hashkey))
+		h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(manager.config.SessionIDHashKey))
 		fmt.Fprintf(h, "%s", sig)
 		sid = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
 	} else {
-		h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(manager.hashkey))
+		h := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(manager.config.SessionIDHashKey))
 		fmt.Fprintf(h, "%s", sig)
 		sid = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
 	}

testing/client.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 var port = ""
 var baseUrl = "http://localhost:"
 
+// beego test request client
 type TestHttpRequest struct {
 	httplib.BeegoHttpRequest
 }
@@ -24,22 +25,27 @@ func getPort() string {
 	return port
 }
 
+// returns test client in GET method
 func Get(path string) *TestHttpRequest {
 	return &TestHttpRequest{*httplib.Get(baseUrl + getPort() + path)}
 }
 
+// returns test client in POST method
 func Post(path string) *TestHttpRequest {
 	return &TestHttpRequest{*httplib.Post(baseUrl + getPort() + path)}
 }
 
+// returns test client in PUT method
 func Put(path string) *TestHttpRequest {
 	return &TestHttpRequest{*httplib.Put(baseUrl + getPort() + path)}
 }
 
+// returns test client in DELETE method
 func Delete(path string) *TestHttpRequest {
 	return &TestHttpRequest{*httplib.Delete(baseUrl + getPort() + path)}
 }
 
+// returns test client in HEAD method
 func Head(path string) *TestHttpRequest {
 	return &TestHttpRequest{*httplib.Head(baseUrl + getPort() + path)}
 }

toolbox/debug.go

@@ -29,16 +29,13 @@ type pointerInfo struct {
 	used []int
 }
 
-//
 // print the data in console
-//
 func Display(data ...interface{}) {
 	display(true, data...)
 }
 
-//
+
-// return string
+// return data print string
-//
 func GetDisplayString(data ...interface{}) string {
 	return display(false, data...)
 }
@@ -67,9 +64,7 @@ func display(displayed bool, data ...interface{}) string {
 	return buf.String()
 }
 
-//
+// return data dump and format bytes
-// return fomateinfo
-//
 func fomateinfo(headlen int, data ...interface{}) []byte {
 	var buf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 
@@ -108,6 +103,7 @@ func fomateinfo(headlen int, data ...interface{}) []byte {
 	return buf.Bytes()
 }
 
+// check data is golang basic type
 func isSimpleType(val reflect.Value, kind reflect.Kind, pointers **pointerInfo, interfaces *[]reflect.Value) bool {
 	switch kind {
 	case reflect.Bool:
@@ -158,6 +154,7 @@ func isSimpleType(val reflect.Value, kind reflect.Kind, pointers **pointerInfo,
 	return false
 }
 
+// dump value
 func printKeyValue(buf *bytes.Buffer, val reflect.Value, pointers **pointerInfo, interfaces *[]reflect.Value, structFilter func(string, string) bool, formatOutput bool, indent string, level int) {
 	var t = val.Kind()
 
@@ -367,6 +364,7 @@ func printKeyValue(buf *bytes.Buffer, val reflect.Value, pointers **pointerInfo,
 	}
 }
 
+// dump pointer value
 func printPointerInfo(buf *bytes.Buffer, headlen int, pointers *pointerInfo) {
 	var anyused = false
 	var pointerNum = 0
@@ -434,9 +432,7 @@ func printPointerInfo(buf *bytes.Buffer, headlen int, pointers *pointerInfo) {
 	}
 }
 
-//
+// get stack bytes
-// get stack info
-//
 func stack(skip int, indent string) []byte {
 	var buf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 
@@ -455,7 +451,7 @@ func stack(skip int, indent string) []byte {
 	return buf.Bytes()
 }
 
-// function returns, if possible, the name of the function containing the PC.
+// return the name of the function containing the PC if possible,
 func function(pc uintptr) []byte {
 	fn := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
 	if fn == nil {

toolbox/healthcheck.go

@@ -13,12 +13,15 @@ package toolbox
 
 //AddHealthCheck("database",&DatabaseCheck{})
 
+// health checker map
 var AdminCheckList map[string]HealthChecker
 
+// health checker interface
 type HealthChecker interface {
 	Check() error
 }
 
+// add health checker with name string
 func AddHealthCheck(name string, hc HealthChecker) {
 	AdminCheckList[name] = hc
 }

toolbox/profile.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ func init() {
 	pid = os.Getpid()
 }
 
+// parse input command string
 func ProcessInput(input string, w io.Writer) {
 	switch input {
 	case "lookup goroutine":
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ func ProcessInput(input string, w io.Writer) {
 	}
 }
 
+// record memory profile in pprof
 func MemProf() {
 	if f, err := os.Create("mem-" + strconv.Itoa(pid) + ".memprof"); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("record memory profile failed: %v", err)
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ func MemProf() {
 	}
 }
 
+// start cpu profile monitor
 func StartCPUProfile() {
 	f, err := os.Create("cpu-" + strconv.Itoa(pid) + ".pprof")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -62,10 +65,12 @@ func StartCPUProfile() {
 	pprof.StartCPUProfile(f)
 }
 
+// stop cpu profile monitor
 func StopCPUProfile() {
 	pprof.StopCPUProfile()
 }
 
+// print gc information to io.Writer
 func PrintGCSummary(w io.Writer) {
 	memStats := &runtime.MemStats{}
 	runtime.ReadMemStats(memStats)
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ func avg(items []time.Duration) time.Duration {
 	return time.Duration(int64(sum) / int64(len(items)))
 }
 
-// human readable format
+// format bytes number friendly
 func toH(bytes uint64) string {
 	switch {
 	case bytes < 1024:

toolbox/statistics.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// Statistics struct
 type Statistics struct {
 	RequestUrl        string
 	RequestController string
@@ -16,12 +17,15 @@ type Statistics struct {
 	TotalTime         time.Duration
 }
 
+// UrlMap contains several statistics struct to log different data
 type UrlMap struct {
 	lock        sync.RWMutex
 	LengthLimit int //limit the urlmap's length if it's equal to 0 there's no limit
 	urlmap      map[string]map[string]*Statistics
 }
 
+// add statistics task.
+// it needs request method, request url, request controller and statistics time duration
 func (m *UrlMap) AddStatistics(requestMethod, requestUrl, requestController string, requesttime time.Duration) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
 	defer m.lock.Unlock()
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ func (m *UrlMap) AddStatistics(requestMethod, requestUrl, requestController stri
 	}
 }
 
+// put url statistics result in io.Writer
 func (m *UrlMap) GetMap(rw io.Writer) {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -78,6 +83,7 @@ func (m *UrlMap) GetMap(rw io.Writer) {
 	}
 }
 
+// global statistics data map
 var StatisticsMap *UrlMap
 
 func init() {

toolbox/task.go

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ const (
 	starBit = 1 << 63
 )
 
+// time taks schedule
 type Schedule struct {
 	Second uint64
 	Minute uint64
@@ -62,8 +63,10 @@ type Schedule struct {
 	Week   uint64
 }
 
+// task func type
 type TaskFunc func() error
 
+// task interface
 type Tasker interface {
 	GetStatus() string
 	Run() error
@@ -73,21 +76,24 @@ type Tasker interface {
 	GetPrev() time.Time
 }
 
+// task error
 type taskerr struct {
 	t       time.Time
 	errinfo string
 }
 
+// task struct
 type Task struct {
 	Taskname string
 	Spec     *Schedule
 	DoFunc   TaskFunc
 	Prev     time.Time
 	Next     time.Time
-	Errlist  []*taskerr //errtime:errinfo
+	Errlist  []*taskerr // like errtime:errinfo
-	ErrLimit int        //max length for the errlist 0 stand for there' no limit
+	ErrLimit int        // max length for the errlist, 0 stand for no limit
 }
 
+// add new task with name, time and func
 func NewTask(tname string, spec string, f TaskFunc) *Task {
 
 	task := &Task{
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ func NewTask(tname string, spec string, f TaskFunc) *Task {
 	return task
 }
 
+// get current task status
 func (tk *Task) GetStatus() string {
 	var str string
 	for _, v := range tk.Errlist {
@@ -107,6 +114,7 @@ func (tk *Task) GetStatus() string {
 	return str
 }
 
+// run task
 func (tk *Task) Run() error {
 	err := tk.DoFunc()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -117,53 +125,58 @@ func (tk *Task) Run() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// set next time for this task
 func (tk *Task) SetNext(now time.Time) {
 	tk.Next = tk.Spec.Next(now)
 }
 
+// get the next call time of this task
 func (tk *Task) GetNext() time.Time {
 	return tk.Next
 }
+
+// set prev time of this task
 func (tk *Task) SetPrev(now time.Time) {
 	tk.Prev = now
 }
 
+// get prev time of this task
 func (tk *Task) GetPrev() time.Time {
 	return tk.Prev
 }
 
-//前6个字段分别表示：
+// six columns mean：
-//       秒钟：0-59
+//       second：0-59
-//       分钟：0-59
+//       minute：0-59
-//       小时：1-23
+//       hour：1-23
-//       日期：1-31
+//       day：1-31
-//       月份：1-12
+//       month：1-12
-//       星期：0-6（0表示周日）
+//       week：0-6（0 means Sunday）
 
-//还可以用一些特殊符号：
+// some signals：
-//       *： 表示任何时刻
+//       *： any time
-//       ,：　表示分割，如第三段里：2,4，表示2点和4点执行
+//       ,：　 separate signal
-//　　    －：表示一个段，如第三端里： 1-5，就表示1到5点
+//　　    －：duration
-//       /n : 表示每个n的单位执行一次，如第三段里，*/1, 就表示每隔1个小时执行一次命令。也可以写成1-23/1.
+//       /n : do as n times of time duration
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//	0/30 * * * * *                        每30秒 执行
+//	0/30 * * * * *                        every 30s
-//	0 43 21 * * *                         21:43 执行
+//	0 43 21 * * *                         21:43
-//	0 15 05 * * * 　　                     05:15 执行
+//	0 15 05 * * * 　　                     05:15
-//	0 0 17 * * *                          17:00 执行
+//	0 0 17 * * *                          17:00
-//	0 0 17 * * 1                          每周一的 17:00 执行
+//	0 0 17 * * 1                           17:00 in every Monday
-//	0 0,10 17 * * 0,2,3                   每周日,周二,周三的 17:00和 17:10 执行
+//	0 0,10 17 * * 0,2,3                   17:00 and 17:10 in every Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday
-//	0 0-10 17 1 * *                       毎月1日从 17:00到7:10 毎隔1分钟 执行
+//	0 0-10 17 1 * *                       17:00 to 17:10 in 1 min duration each time on the first day of month
-//	0 0 0 1,15 * 1                        毎月1日和 15日和 一日的 0:00 执行
+//	0 0 0 1,15 * 1                        0:00 on the 1st day and 15th day of month
-//	0 42 4 1 * * 　 　                     毎月1日的 4:42分 执行
+//	0 42 4 1 * * 　 　                     4:42 on the 1st day of month
-//	0 0 21 * * 1-6　　                     周一到周六 21:00 执行
+//	0 0 21 * * 1-6　　                     21:00 from Monday to Saturday
-//	0 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * *　           每隔10分 执行
+//	0 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * *　           every 10 min duration
-//	0 */10 * * * * 　　　　　　              每隔10分 执行
+//	0 */10 * * * * 　　　　　　              every 10 min duration
-//	0 * 1 * * *　　　　　　　　               从1:0到1:59 每隔1分钟 执行
+//	0 * 1 * * *　　　　　　　　               1:00 to 1:59 in 1 min duration each time
-//	0 0 1 * * *　　　　　　　　               1:00 执行
+//	0 0 1 * * *　　　　　　　　               1:00
-//	0 0 */1 * * *　　　　　　　               毎时0分 每隔1小时 执行
+//	0 0 */1 * * *　　　　　　　               0 min of hour in 1 hour duration
-//	0 0 * * * *　　　　　　　　               毎时0分 每隔1小时 执行
+//	0 0 * * * *　　　　　　　　               0 min of hour in 1 hour duration
-//	0 2 8-20/3 * * *　　　　　　             8:02,11:02,14:02,17:02,20:02 执行
+//	0 2 8-20/3 * * *　　　　　　             8:02, 11:02, 14:02, 17:02, 20:02
-//	0 30 5 1,15 * *　　　　　　              1日 和 15日的 5:30 执行
+//	0 30 5 1,15 * *　　　　　　              5:30 on the 1st day and 15th day of month
 func (t *Task) SetCron(spec string) {
 	t.Spec = t.parse(spec)
 }
@@ -252,6 +265,7 @@ func (t *Task) parseSpec(spec string) *Schedule {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// set schedule to next time
 func (s *Schedule) Next(t time.Time) time.Time {
 
 	// Start at the earliest possible time (the upcoming second).
@@ -349,6 +363,7 @@ func dayMatches(s *Schedule, t time.Time) bool {
 	return domMatch || dowMatch
 }
 
+// start all tasks
 func StartTask() {
 	go run()
 }
@@ -388,20 +403,23 @@ func run() {
 	}
 }
 
+// start all tasks
 func StopTask() {
 	stop <- true
 }
 
+// add task with name
 func AddTask(taskname string, t Tasker) {
 	AdminTaskList[taskname] = t
 }
 
-//sort map for tasker
+// sort map for tasker
 type MapSorter struct {
 	Keys []string
 	Vals []Tasker
 }
 
+// create new tasker map
 func NewMapSorter(m map[string]Tasker) *MapSorter {
 	ms := &MapSorter{
 		Keys: make([]string, 0, len(m)),
@@ -414,6 +432,7 @@ func NewMapSorter(m map[string]Tasker) *MapSorter {
 	return ms
 }
 
+// sort tasker map
 func (ms *MapSorter) Sort() {
 	sort.Sort(ms)
 }

utils/caller.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 )
 
+// get function name
 func GetFuncName(i interface{}) string {
 	return runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(i).Pointer()).Name()
 }

utils/captcha/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Captcha
+
+an example for use captcha
+
+```
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/cache"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/utils/captcha"
+)
+
+var cpt *captcha.Captcha
+
+func init() {
+	// use beego cache system store the captcha data
+	store := cache.NewMemoryCache()
+	cpt = captcha.NewWithFilter("/captcha/", store)
+}
+
+type MainController struct {
+	beego.Controller
+}
+
+func (this *MainController) Get() {
+	this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
+}
+
+func (this *MainController) Post() {
+	this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
+
+	this.Data["Success"] = cpt.VerifyReq(this.Ctx.Request)
+}
+```
+
+template usage
+
+```
+{{.Success}}
+<form action="/" method="post">
+	{{create_captcha}}
+	<input name="captcha" type="text">
+</form>
+```

utils/captcha/captcha.go

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+// an example for use captcha
+//
+// ```
+// package controllers
+//
+// import (
+// 	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
+// 	"github.com/astaxie/beego/cache"
+// 	"github.com/astaxie/beego/utils/captcha"
+// )
+//
+// var cpt *captcha.Captcha
+//
+// func init() {
+// 	// use beego cache system store the captcha data
+// 	store := cache.NewMemoryCache()
+// 	cpt = captcha.NewWithFilter("/captcha/", store)
+// }
+//
+// type MainController struct {
+// 	beego.Controller
+// }
+//
+// func (this *MainController) Get() {
+// 	this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
+// }
+//
+// func (this *MainController) Post() {
+// 	this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
+//
+// 	this.Data["Success"] = cpt.VerifyReq(this.Ctx.Request)
+// }
+// ```
+//
+// template usage
+//
+// ```
+// {{.Success}}
+// <form action="/" method="post">
+// 	{{create_captcha}}
+// 	<input name="captcha" type="text">
+// </form>
+// ```
+package captcha
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/cache"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/context"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/utils"
+)
+
+var (
+	defaultChars = []byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
+)
+
+const (
+	// default captcha attributes
+	challengeNums    = 6
+	expiration       = 600
+	fieldIdName      = "captcha_id"
+	fieldCaptchaName = "captcha"
+	cachePrefix      = "captcha_"
+	urlPrefix        = "/captcha/"
+)
+
+// Captcha struct
+type Captcha struct {
+	// beego cache store
+	store cache.Cache
+
+	// url prefix for captcha image
+	urlPrefix string
+
+	// specify captcha id input field name
+	FieldIdName string
+	// specify captcha result input field name
+	FieldCaptchaName string
+
+	// captcha image width and height
+	StdWidth  int
+	StdHeight int
+
+	// captcha chars nums
+	ChallengeNums int
+
+	// captcha expiration seconds
+	Expiration int64
+
+	// cache key prefix
+	CachePrefix string
+}
+
+// generate key string
+func (c *Captcha) key(id string) string {
+	return c.CachePrefix + id
+}
+
+// generate rand chars with default chars
+func (c *Captcha) genRandChars() []byte {
+	return utils.RandomCreateBytes(c.ChallengeNums, defaultChars...)
+}
+
+// beego filter handler for serve captcha image
+func (c *Captcha) Handler(ctx *context.Context) {
+	var chars []byte
+
+	id := path.Base(ctx.Request.RequestURI)
+	if i := strings.Index(id, "."); i != -1 {
+		id = id[:i]
+	}
+
+	key := c.key(id)
+
+	if v, ok := c.store.Get(key).([]byte); ok {
+		chars = v
+	} else {
+		ctx.Output.SetStatus(404)
+		ctx.WriteString("captcha not found")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// reload captcha
+	if len(ctx.Input.Query("reload")) > 0 {
+		chars = c.genRandChars()
+		if err := c.store.Put(key, chars, c.Expiration); err != nil {
+			ctx.Output.SetStatus(500)
+			ctx.WriteString("captcha reload error")
+			beego.Error("Reload Create Captcha Error:", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	img := NewImage(chars, c.StdWidth, c.StdHeight)
+	if _, err := img.WriteTo(ctx.ResponseWriter); err != nil {
+		beego.Error("Write Captcha Image Error:", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// tempalte func for output html
+func (c *Captcha) CreateCaptchaHtml() template.HTML {
+	value, err := c.CreateCaptcha()
+	if err != nil {
+		beego.Error("Create Captcha Error:", err)
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// create html
+	return template.HTML(fmt.Sprintf(`<input type="hidden" name="%s" value="%s">`+
+		`<a class="captcha" href="javascript:">`+
+		`<img onclick="this.src=('%s%s.png?reload='+(new Date()).getTime())" class="captcha-img" src="%s%s.png">`+
+		`</a>`, c.FieldIdName, value, c.urlPrefix, value, c.urlPrefix, value))
+}
+
+// create a new captcha id
+func (c *Captcha) CreateCaptcha() (string, error) {
+	// generate captcha id
+	id := string(utils.RandomCreateBytes(15))
+
+	// get the captcha chars
+	chars := c.genRandChars()
+
+	// save to store
+	if err := c.store.Put(c.key(id), chars, c.Expiration); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+// verify from a request
+func (c *Captcha) VerifyReq(req *http.Request) bool {
+	req.ParseForm()
+	return c.Verify(req.Form.Get(c.FieldIdName), req.Form.Get(c.FieldCaptchaName))
+}
+
+// direct verify id and challenge string
+func (c *Captcha) Verify(id string, challenge string) (success bool) {
+	if len(challenge) == 0 || len(id) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var chars []byte
+
+	key := c.key(id)
+
+	if v, ok := c.store.Get(key).([]byte); ok && len(v) == len(challenge) {
+		chars = v
+	} else {
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		// finally remove it
+		c.store.Delete(key)
+	}()
+
+	// verify challenge
+	for i, c := range chars {
+		if c != challenge[i]-48 {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// create a new captcha.Captcha
+func NewCaptcha(urlPrefix string, store cache.Cache) *Captcha {
+	cpt := &Captcha{}
+	cpt.store = store
+	cpt.FieldIdName = fieldIdName
+	cpt.FieldCaptchaName = fieldCaptchaName
+	cpt.ChallengeNums = challengeNums
+	cpt.Expiration = expiration
+	cpt.CachePrefix = cachePrefix
+	cpt.StdWidth = stdWidth
+	cpt.StdHeight = stdHeight
+
+	if len(urlPrefix) == 0 {
+		urlPrefix = urlPrefix
+	}
+
+	if urlPrefix[len(urlPrefix)-1] != '/' {
+		urlPrefix += "/"
+	}
+
+	cpt.urlPrefix = urlPrefix
+
+	return cpt
+}
+
+// create a new captcha.Captcha and auto AddFilter for serve captacha image
+// and add a tempalte func for output html
+func NewWithFilter(urlPrefix string, store cache.Cache) *Captcha {
+	cpt := NewCaptcha(urlPrefix, store)
+
+	// create filter for serve captcha image
+	beego.AddFilter(urlPrefix+":", "BeforeRouter", cpt.Handler)
+
+	// add to template func map
+	beego.AddFuncMap("create_captcha", cpt.CreateCaptchaHtml)
+
+	return cpt
+}

utils/captcha/image.go

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+// modifiy and integrated to Beego from https://github.com/dchest/captcha
+package captcha
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+)
+
+const (
+	fontWidth  = 11
+	fontHeight = 18
+	blackChar  = 1
+
+	// Standard width and height of a captcha image.
+	stdWidth  = 240
+	stdHeight = 80
+	// Maximum absolute skew factor of a single digit.
+	maxSkew = 0.7
+	// Number of background circles.
+	circleCount = 20
+)
+
+var font = [][]byte{
+	{ // 0
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 1
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+	},
+	{ // 2
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+	},
+	{ // 3
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 4
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 5
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 6
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 7
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 8
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+	{ // 9
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+		0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	},
+}
+
+type Image struct {
+	*image.Paletted
+	numWidth  int
+	numHeight int
+	dotSize   int
+}
+
+var prng = &siprng{}
+
+// randIntn returns a pseudorandom non-negative int in range [0, n).
+func randIntn(n int) int {
+	return prng.Intn(n)
+}
+
+// randInt returns a pseudorandom int in range [from, to].
+func randInt(from, to int) int {
+	return prng.Intn(to+1-from) + from
+}
+
+// randFloat returns a pseudorandom float64 in range [from, to].
+func randFloat(from, to float64) float64 {
+	return (to-from)*prng.Float64() + from
+}
+
+func randomPalette() color.Palette {
+	p := make([]color.Color, circleCount+1)
+	// Transparent color.
+	p[0] = color.RGBA{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00}
+	// Primary color.
+	prim := color.RGBA{
+		uint8(randIntn(129)),
+		uint8(randIntn(129)),
+		uint8(randIntn(129)),
+		0xFF,
+	}
+	p[1] = prim
+	// Circle colors.
+	for i := 2; i <= circleCount; i++ {
+		p[i] = randomBrightness(prim, 255)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+// NewImage returns a new captcha image of the given width and height with the
+// given digits, where each digit must be in range 0-9.
+func NewImage(digits []byte, width, height int) *Image {
+	m := new(Image)
+	m.Paletted = image.NewPaletted(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height), randomPalette())
+	m.calculateSizes(width, height, len(digits))
+	// Randomly position captcha inside the image.
+	maxx := width - (m.numWidth+m.dotSize)*len(digits) - m.dotSize
+	maxy := height - m.numHeight - m.dotSize*2
+	var border int
+	if width > height {
+		border = height / 5
+	} else {
+		border = width / 5
+	}
+	x := randInt(border, maxx-border)
+	y := randInt(border, maxy-border)
+	// Draw digits.
+	for _, n := range digits {
+		m.drawDigit(font[n], x, y)
+		x += m.numWidth + m.dotSize
+	}
+	// Draw strike-through line.
+	m.strikeThrough()
+	// Apply wave distortion.
+	m.distort(randFloat(5, 10), randFloat(100, 200))
+	// Fill image with random circles.
+	m.fillWithCircles(circleCount, m.dotSize)
+	return m
+}
+
+// encodedPNG encodes an image to PNG and returns
+// the result as a byte slice.
+func (m *Image) encodedPNG() []byte {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := png.Encode(&buf, m.Paletted); err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// WriteTo writes captcha image in PNG format into the given writer.
+func (m *Image) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	n, err := w.Write(m.encodedPNG())
+	return int64(n), err
+}
+
+func (m *Image) calculateSizes(width, height, ncount int) {
+	// Goal: fit all digits inside the image.
+	var border int
+	if width > height {
+		border = height / 4
+	} else {
+		border = width / 4
+	}
+	// Convert everything to floats for calculations.
+	w := float64(width - border*2)
+	h := float64(height - border*2)
+	// fw takes into account 1-dot spacing between digits.
+	fw := float64(fontWidth + 1)
+	fh := float64(fontHeight)
+	nc := float64(ncount)
+	// Calculate the width of a single digit taking into account only the
+	// width of the image.
+	nw := w / nc
+	// Calculate the height of a digit from this width.
+	nh := nw * fh / fw
+	// Digit too high?
+	if nh > h {
+		// Fit digits based on height.
+		nh = h
+		nw = fw / fh * nh
+	}
+	// Calculate dot size.
+	m.dotSize = int(nh / fh)
+	// Save everything, making the actual width smaller by 1 dot to account
+	// for spacing between digits.
+	m.numWidth = int(nw) - m.dotSize
+	m.numHeight = int(nh)
+}
+
+func (m *Image) drawHorizLine(fromX, toX, y int, colorIdx uint8) {
+	for x := fromX; x <= toX; x++ {
+		m.SetColorIndex(x, y, colorIdx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Image) drawCircle(x, y, radius int, colorIdx uint8) {
+	f := 1 - radius
+	dfx := 1
+	dfy := -2 * radius
+	xo := 0
+	yo := radius
+
+	m.SetColorIndex(x, y+radius, colorIdx)
+	m.SetColorIndex(x, y-radius, colorIdx)
+	m.drawHorizLine(x-radius, x+radius, y, colorIdx)
+
+	for xo < yo {
+		if f >= 0 {
+			yo--
+			dfy += 2
+			f += dfy
+		}
+		xo++
+		dfx += 2
+		f += dfx
+		m.drawHorizLine(x-xo, x+xo, y+yo, colorIdx)
+		m.drawHorizLine(x-xo, x+xo, y-yo, colorIdx)
+		m.drawHorizLine(x-yo, x+yo, y+xo, colorIdx)
+		m.drawHorizLine(x-yo, x+yo, y-xo, colorIdx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Image) fillWithCircles(n, maxradius int) {
+	maxx := m.Bounds().Max.X
+	maxy := m.Bounds().Max.Y
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		colorIdx := uint8(randInt(1, circleCount-1))
+		r := randInt(1, maxradius)
+		m.drawCircle(randInt(r, maxx-r), randInt(r, maxy-r), r, colorIdx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Image) strikeThrough() {
+	maxx := m.Bounds().Max.X
+	maxy := m.Bounds().Max.Y
+	y := randInt(maxy/3, maxy-maxy/3)
+	amplitude := randFloat(5, 20)
+	period := randFloat(80, 180)
+	dx := 2.0 * math.Pi / period
+	for x := 0; x < maxx; x++ {
+		xo := amplitude * math.Cos(float64(y)*dx)
+		yo := amplitude * math.Sin(float64(x)*dx)
+		for yn := 0; yn < m.dotSize; yn++ {
+			r := randInt(0, m.dotSize)
+			m.drawCircle(x+int(xo), y+int(yo)+(yn*m.dotSize), r/2, 1)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Image) drawDigit(digit []byte, x, y int) {
+	skf := randFloat(-maxSkew, maxSkew)
+	xs := float64(x)
+	r := m.dotSize / 2
+	y += randInt(-r, r)
+	for yo := 0; yo < fontHeight; yo++ {
+		for xo := 0; xo < fontWidth; xo++ {
+			if digit[yo*fontWidth+xo] != blackChar {
+				continue
+			}
+			m.drawCircle(x+xo*m.dotSize, y+yo*m.dotSize, r, 1)
+		}
+		xs += skf
+		x = int(xs)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Image) distort(amplude float64, period float64) {
+	w := m.Bounds().Max.X
+	h := m.Bounds().Max.Y
+
+	oldm := m.Paletted
+	newm := image.NewPaletted(image.Rect(0, 0, w, h), oldm.Palette)
+
+	dx := 2.0 * math.Pi / period
+	for x := 0; x < w; x++ {
+		for y := 0; y < h; y++ {
+			xo := amplude * math.Sin(float64(y)*dx)
+			yo := amplude * math.Cos(float64(x)*dx)
+			newm.SetColorIndex(x, y, oldm.ColorIndexAt(x+int(xo), y+int(yo)))
+		}
+	}
+	m.Paletted = newm
+}
+
+func randomBrightness(c color.RGBA, max uint8) color.RGBA {
+	minc := min3(c.R, c.G, c.B)
+	maxc := max3(c.R, c.G, c.B)
+	if maxc > max {
+		return c
+	}
+	n := randIntn(int(max-maxc)) - int(minc)
+	return color.RGBA{
+		uint8(int(c.R) + n),
+		uint8(int(c.G) + n),
+		uint8(int(c.B) + n),
+		uint8(c.A),
+	}
+}
+
+func min3(x, y, z uint8) (m uint8) {
+	m = x
+	if y < m {
+		m = y
+	}
+	if z < m {
+		m = z
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func max3(x, y, z uint8) (m uint8) {
+	m = x
+	if y > m {
+		m = y
+	}
+	if z > m {
+		m = z
+	}
+	return
+}

utils/captcha/image_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package captcha
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/utils"
+)
+
+type byteCounter struct {
+	n int64
+}
+
+func (bc *byteCounter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	bc.n += int64(len(b))
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+func BenchmarkNewImage(b *testing.B) {
+	b.StopTimer()
+	d := utils.RandomCreateBytes(challengeNums, defaultChars...)
+	b.StartTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		NewImage(d, stdWidth, stdHeight)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkImageWriteTo(b *testing.B) {
+	b.StopTimer()
+	d := utils.RandomCreateBytes(challengeNums, defaultChars...)
+	b.StartTimer()
+	counter := &byteCounter{}
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		img := NewImage(d, stdWidth, stdHeight)
+		img.WriteTo(counter)
+		b.SetBytes(counter.n)
+		counter.n = 0
+	}
+}

utils/captcha/siprng.go

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+// modifiy and integrated to Beego from https://github.com/dchest/captcha
+package captcha
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// siprng is PRNG based on SipHash-2-4.
+type siprng struct {
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	k0, k1, ctr uint64
+}
+
+// siphash implements SipHash-2-4, accepting a uint64 as a message.
+func siphash(k0, k1, m uint64) uint64 {
+	// Initialization.
+	v0 := k0 ^ 0x736f6d6570736575
+	v1 := k1 ^ 0x646f72616e646f6d
+	v2 := k0 ^ 0x6c7967656e657261
+	v3 := k1 ^ 0x7465646279746573
+	t := uint64(8) << 56
+
+	// Compression.
+	v3 ^= m
+
+	// Round 1.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	// Round 2.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	v0 ^= m
+
+	// Compress last block.
+	v3 ^= t
+
+	// Round 1.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	// Round 2.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	v0 ^= t
+
+	// Finalization.
+	v2 ^= 0xff
+
+	// Round 1.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	// Round 2.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	// Round 3.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	// Round 4.
+	v0 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<13 | v1>>(64-13)
+	v1 ^= v0
+	v0 = v0<<32 | v0>>(64-32)
+
+	v2 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<16 | v3>>(64-16)
+	v3 ^= v2
+
+	v0 += v3
+	v3 = v3<<21 | v3>>(64-21)
+	v3 ^= v0
+
+	v2 += v1
+	v1 = v1<<17 | v1>>(64-17)
+	v1 ^= v2
+	v2 = v2<<32 | v2>>(64-32)
+
+	return v0 ^ v1 ^ v2 ^ v3
+}
+
+// rekey sets a new PRNG key, which is read from crypto/rand.
+func (p *siprng) rekey() {
+	var k [16]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, k[:]); err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+	p.k0 = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(k[0:8])
+	p.k1 = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(k[8:16])
+	p.ctr = 1
+}
+
+// Uint64 returns a new pseudorandom uint64.
+// It rekeys PRNG on the first call and every 64 MB of generated data.
+func (p *siprng) Uint64() uint64 {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	if p.ctr == 0 || p.ctr > 8*1024*1024 {
+		p.rekey()
+	}
+	v := siphash(p.k0, p.k1, p.ctr)
+	p.ctr++
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+	return v
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Int63() int64 {
+	return int64(p.Uint64() & 0x7fffffffffffffff)
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Uint32() uint32 {
+	return uint32(p.Uint64())
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Int31() int32 {
+	return int32(p.Uint32() & 0x7fffffff)
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Intn(n int) int {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		panic("invalid argument to Intn")
+	}
+	if n <= 1<<31-1 {
+		return int(p.Int31n(int32(n)))
+	}
+	return int(p.Int63n(int64(n)))
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Int63n(n int64) int64 {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		panic("invalid argument to Int63n")
+	}
+	max := int64((1 << 63) - 1 - (1<<63)%uint64(n))
+	v := p.Int63()
+	for v > max {
+		v = p.Int63()
+	}
+	return v % n
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Int31n(n int32) int32 {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		panic("invalid argument to Int31n")
+	}
+	max := int32((1 << 31) - 1 - (1<<31)%uint32(n))
+	v := p.Int31()
+	for v > max {
+		v = p.Int31()
+	}
+	return v % n
+}
+
+func (p *siprng) Float64() float64 { return float64(p.Int63()) / (1 << 63) }

utils/captcha/siprng_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package captcha
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestSiphash(t *testing.T) {
+	good := uint64(0xe849e8bb6ffe2567)
+	cur := siphash(0, 0, 0)
+	if cur != good {
+		t.Fatalf("siphash: expected %x, got %x", good, cur)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSiprng(b *testing.B) {
+	b.SetBytes(8)
+	p := &siprng{}
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		p.Uint64()
+	}
+}

utils/file.go

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 )
 
+// SelfPath gets compiled executable file absolute path
 func SelfPath() string {
 	path, _ := filepath.Abs(os.Args[0])
 	return path
 }
 
+// SelfDir gets compiled executable file directory
 func SelfDir() string {
 	return filepath.Dir(SelfPath())
 }
@@ -28,8 +30,8 @@ func FileExists(name string) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// search a file in paths.
+// Search a file in paths.
-// this is offen used in search config file in /etc ~/
+// this is often used in search config file in /etc ~/
 func SearchFile(filename string, paths ...string) (fullpath string, err error) {
 	for _, path := range paths {
 		if fullpath = filepath.Join(path, filename); FileExists(fullpath) {

utils/mail.go

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/mail"
+	"net/smtp"
+	"net/textproto"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxLineLength = 76
+)
+
+// Email is the type used for email messages
+type Email struct {
+	Auth        smtp.Auth
+	Identity    string `json:"identity"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+	Password    string `json:"password"`
+	Host        string `json:"host"`
+	Port        int    `json:"port"`
+	From        string `json:"from"`
+	To          []string
+	Bcc         []string
+	Cc          []string
+	Subject     string
+	Text        string // Plaintext message (optional)
+	HTML        string // Html message (optional)
+	Headers     textproto.MIMEHeader
+	Attachments []*Attachment
+	ReadReceipt []string
+}
+
+// Attachment is a struct representing an email attachment.
+// Based on the mime/multipart.FileHeader struct, Attachment contains the name, MIMEHeader, and content of the attachment in question
+type Attachment struct {
+	Filename string
+	Header   textproto.MIMEHeader
+	Content  []byte
+}
+
+// NewEMail create new Email struct with config json.
+// config json is followed from Email struct fields.
+func NewEMail(config string) *Email {
+	e := new(Email)
+	e.Headers = textproto.MIMEHeader{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(config), e)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if e.From == "" {
+		e.From = e.Username
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+// Make all send information to byte
+func (e *Email) Bytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	buff := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	w := multipart.NewWriter(buff)
+	// Set the appropriate headers (overwriting any conflicts)
+	// Leave out Bcc (only included in envelope headers)
+	e.Headers.Set("To", strings.Join(e.To, ","))
+	if e.Cc != nil {
+		e.Headers.Set("Cc", strings.Join(e.Cc, ","))
+	}
+	e.Headers.Set("From", e.From)
+	e.Headers.Set("Subject", e.Subject)
+	if len(e.ReadReceipt) != 0 {
+		e.Headers.Set("Disposition-Notification-To", strings.Join(e.ReadReceipt, ","))
+	}
+	e.Headers.Set("MIME-Version", "1.0")
+	e.Headers.Set("Content-Type", fmt.Sprintf("multipart/mixed;\r\n boundary=%s\r\n", w.Boundary()))
+
+	// Write the envelope headers (including any custom headers)
+	if err := headerToBytes(buff, e.Headers); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to render message headers: %s", err)
+	}
+	// Start the multipart/mixed part
+	fmt.Fprintf(buff, "--%s\r\n", w.Boundary())
+	header := textproto.MIMEHeader{}
+	// Check to see if there is a Text or HTML field
+	if e.Text != "" || e.HTML != "" {
+		subWriter := multipart.NewWriter(buff)
+		// Create the multipart alternative part
+		header.Set("Content-Type", fmt.Sprintf("multipart/alternative;\r\n boundary=%s\r\n", subWriter.Boundary()))
+		// Write the header
+		if err := headerToBytes(buff, header); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to render multipart message headers: %s", err)
+		}
+		// Create the body sections
+		if e.Text != "" {
+			header.Set("Content-Type", fmt.Sprintf("text/plain; charset=UTF-8"))
+			header.Set("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "quoted-printable")
+			if _, err := subWriter.CreatePart(header); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			// Write the text
+			if err := quotePrintEncode(buff, e.Text); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if e.HTML != "" {
+			header.Set("Content-Type", fmt.Sprintf("text/html; charset=UTF-8"))
+			header.Set("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "quoted-printable")
+			if _, err := subWriter.CreatePart(header); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			// Write the text
+			if err := quotePrintEncode(buff, e.HTML); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if err := subWriter.Close(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	// Create attachment part, if necessary
+	for _, a := range e.Attachments {
+		ap, err := w.CreatePart(a.Header)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Write the base64Wrapped content to the part
+		base64Wrap(ap, a.Content)
+	}
+	if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buff.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+// Add attach file to the send mail
+func (e *Email) AttachFile(filename string) (a *Attachment, err error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ct := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(filename))
+	basename := path.Base(filename)
+	return e.Attach(f, basename, ct)
+}
+
+// Attach is used to attach content from an io.Reader to the email.
+// Parameters include an io.Reader, the desired filename for the attachment, and the Content-Type.
+func (e *Email) Attach(r io.Reader, filename string, c string) (a *Attachment, err error) {
+	var buffer bytes.Buffer
+	if _, err = io.Copy(&buffer, r); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	at := &Attachment{
+		Filename: filename,
+		Header:   textproto.MIMEHeader{},
+		Content:  buffer.Bytes(),
+	}
+	// Get the Content-Type to be used in the MIMEHeader
+	if c != "" {
+		at.Header.Set("Content-Type", c)
+	} else {
+		// If the Content-Type is blank, set the Content-Type to "application/octet-stream"
+		at.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+	}
+	at.Header.Set("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf("attachment;\r\n filename=\"%s\"", filename))
+	at.Header.Set("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64")
+	e.Attachments = append(e.Attachments, at)
+	return at, nil
+}
+
+func (e *Email) Send() error {
+	if e.Auth == nil {
+		e.Auth = smtp.PlainAuth(e.Identity, e.Username, e.Password, e.Host)
+	}
+	// Merge the To, Cc, and Bcc fields
+	to := make([]string, 0, len(e.To)+len(e.Cc)+len(e.Bcc))
+	to = append(append(append(to, e.To...), e.Cc...), e.Bcc...)
+	// Check to make sure there is at least one recipient and one "From" address
+	if e.From == "" || len(to) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("Must specify at least one From address and one To address")
+	}
+	from, err := mail.ParseAddress(e.From)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	raw, err := e.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return smtp.SendMail(e.Host+":"+strconv.Itoa(e.Port), e.Auth, from.Address, to, raw)
+}
+
+// quotePrintEncode writes the quoted-printable text to the IO Writer (according to RFC 2045)
+func quotePrintEncode(w io.Writer, s string) error {
+	var buf [3]byte
+	mc := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		c := s[i]
+		// We're assuming Unix style text formats as input (LF line break), and
+		// quoted-printble uses CRLF line breaks. (Literal CRs will become
+		// "=0D", but probably shouldn't be there to begin with!)
+		if c == '\n' {
+			io.WriteString(w, "\r\n")
+			mc = 0
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var nextOut []byte
+		if isPrintable(c) {
+			nextOut = append(buf[:0], c)
+		} else {
+			nextOut = buf[:]
+			qpEscape(nextOut, c)
+		}
+
+		// Add a soft line break if the next (encoded) byte would push this line
+		// to or past the limit.
+		if mc+len(nextOut) >= maxLineLength {
+			if _, err := io.WriteString(w, "=\r\n"); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			mc = 0
+		}
+
+		if _, err := w.Write(nextOut); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		mc += len(nextOut)
+	}
+	// No trailing end-of-line?? Soft line break, then. TODO: is this sane?
+	if mc > 0 {
+		io.WriteString(w, "=\r\n")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isPrintable returns true if the rune given is "printable" according to RFC 2045, false otherwise
+func isPrintable(c byte) bool {
+	return (c >= '!' && c <= '<') || (c >= '>' && c <= '~') || (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
+}
+
+// qpEscape is a helper function for quotePrintEncode which escapes a
+// non-printable byte. Expects len(dest) == 3.
+func qpEscape(dest []byte, c byte) {
+	const nums = "0123456789ABCDEF"
+	dest[0] = '='
+	dest[1] = nums[(c&0xf0)>>4]
+	dest[2] = nums[(c & 0xf)]
+}
+
+// headerToBytes enumerates the key and values in the header, and writes the results to the IO Writer
+func headerToBytes(w io.Writer, t textproto.MIMEHeader) error {
+	for k, v := range t {
+		// Write the header key
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s:", k)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Write each value in the header
+		for _, c := range v {
+			_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " %s\r\n", c)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// base64Wrap encodes the attachment content, and wraps it according to RFC 2045 standards (every 76 chars)
+// The output is then written to the specified io.Writer
+func base64Wrap(w io.Writer, b []byte) {
+	// 57 raw bytes per 76-byte base64 line.
+	const maxRaw = 57
+	// Buffer for each line, including trailing CRLF.
+	var buffer [maxLineLength + len("\r\n")]byte
+	copy(buffer[maxLineLength:], "\r\n")
+	// Process raw chunks until there's no longer enough to fill a line.
+	for len(b) >= maxRaw {
+		base64.StdEncoding.Encode(buffer[:], b[:maxRaw])
+		w.Write(buffer[:])
+		b = b[maxRaw:]
+	}
+	// Handle the last chunk of bytes.
+	if len(b) > 0 {
+		out := buffer[:base64.StdEncoding.EncodedLen(len(b))]
+		base64.StdEncoding.Encode(out, b)
+		out = append(out, "\r\n"...)
+		w.Write(out)
+	}
+}

utils/mail_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package utils
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestMail(t *testing.T) {
+	config := `{"username":"astaxie@gmail.com","password":"astaxie","host":"smtp.gmail.com","port":587}`
+	mail := NewEMail(config)
+	if mail.Username != "astaxie@gmail.com" {
+		t.Fatal("email parse get username error")
+	}
+	if mail.Password != "astaxie" {
+		t.Fatal("email parse get password error")
+	}
+	if mail.Host != "smtp.gmail.com" {
+		t.Fatal("email parse get host error")
+	}
+	if mail.Port != 587 {
+		t.Fatal("email parse get port error")
+	}
+	mail.To = []string{"xiemengjun@gmail.com"}
+	mail.From = "astaxie@gmail.com"
+	mail.Subject = "hi, just from beego!"
+	mail.Text = "Text Body is, of course, supported!"
+	mail.HTML = "<h1>Fancy Html is supported, too!</h1>"
+	mail.AttachFile("/Users/astaxie/github/beego/beego.go")
+	mail.Send()
+}

utils/rand.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+)
+
+// RandomCreateBytes generate random []byte by specify chars.
+func RandomCreateBytes(n int, alphabets ...byte) []byte {
+	const alphanum = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+	var bytes = make([]byte, n)
+	rand.Read(bytes)
+	for i, b := range bytes {
+		if len(alphabets) == 0 {
+			bytes[i] = alphanum[b%byte(len(alphanum))]
+		} else {
+			bytes[i] = alphabets[b%byte(len(alphabets))]
+		}
+	}
+	return bytes
+}

utils/safemap.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ type BeeMap struct {
 	bm   map[interface{}]interface{}
 }
 
+// NewBeeMap return new safemap
 func NewBeeMap() *BeeMap {
 	return &BeeMap{
 		lock: new(sync.RWMutex),
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ func NewBeeMap() *BeeMap {
 	}
 }
 
-//Get from maps return the k's value
+// Get from maps return the k's value
 func (m *BeeMap) Get(k interface{}) interface{} {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
@@ -51,12 +52,14 @@ func (m *BeeMap) Check(k interface{}) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+// Delete the given key and value.
 func (m *BeeMap) Delete(k interface{}) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
 	defer m.lock.Unlock()
 	delete(m.bm, k)
 }
 
+// Items returns all items in safemap.
 func (m *BeeMap) Items() map[interface{}]interface{} {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()

utils/slice.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 type reducetype func(interface{}) interface{}
 type filtertype func(interface{}) bool
 
+// InSlice checks given string in string slice or not.
 func InSlice(v string, sl []string) bool {
 	for _, vv := range sl {
 		if vv == v {
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ func InSlice(v string, sl []string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// InSliceIface checks given interface in interface slice.
 func InSliceIface(v interface{}, sl []interface{}) bool {
 	for _, vv := range sl {
 		if vv == v {
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ func InSliceIface(v interface{}, sl []interface{}) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// SliceRandList generate an int slice from min to max.
 func SliceRandList(min, max int) []int {
 	if max < min {
 		min, max = max, min
@@ -40,11 +43,13 @@ func SliceRandList(min, max int) []int {
 	return list
 }
 
+// SliceMerge merges interface slices to one slice.
 func SliceMerge(slice1, slice2 []interface{}) (c []interface{}) {
 	c = append(slice1, slice2...)
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceReduce generates a new slice after parsing every value by reduce function
 func SliceReduce(slice []interface{}, a reducetype) (dslice []interface{}) {
 	for _, v := range slice {
 		dslice = append(dslice, a(v))
@@ -52,12 +57,14 @@ func SliceReduce(slice []interface{}, a reducetype) (dslice []interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceRand returns random one from slice.
 func SliceRand(a []interface{}) (b interface{}) {
 	randnum := rand.Intn(len(a))
 	b = a[randnum]
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceSum sums all values in int64 slice.
 func SliceSum(intslice []int64) (sum int64) {
 	for _, v := range intslice {
 		sum += v
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@ func SliceSum(intslice []int64) (sum int64) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceFilter generates a new slice after filter function.
 func SliceFilter(slice []interface{}, a filtertype) (ftslice []interface{}) {
 	for _, v := range slice {
 		if a(v) {
@@ -74,6 +82,7 @@ func SliceFilter(slice []interface{}, a filtertype) (ftslice []interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceDiff returns diff slice of slice1 - slice2.
 func SliceDiff(slice1, slice2 []interface{}) (diffslice []interface{}) {
 	for _, v := range slice1 {
 		if !InSliceIface(v, slice2) {
@@ -83,6 +92,7 @@ func SliceDiff(slice1, slice2 []interface{}) (diffslice []interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceIntersect returns diff slice of slice2 - slice1.
 func SliceIntersect(slice1, slice2 []interface{}) (diffslice []interface{}) {
 	for _, v := range slice1 {
 		if !InSliceIface(v, slice2) {
@@ -92,6 +102,7 @@ func SliceIntersect(slice1, slice2 []interface{}) (diffslice []interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceChuck separates one slice to some sized slice.
 func SliceChunk(slice []interface{}, size int) (chunkslice [][]interface{}) {
 	if size >= len(slice) {
 		chunkslice = append(chunkslice, slice)
@@ -105,6 +116,7 @@ func SliceChunk(slice []interface{}, size int) (chunkslice [][]interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceRange generates a new slice from begin to end with step duration of int64 number.
 func SliceRange(start, end, step int64) (intslice []int64) {
 	for i := start; i <= end; i += step {
 		intslice = append(intslice, i)
@@ -112,6 +124,7 @@ func SliceRange(start, end, step int64) (intslice []int64) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SlicePad prepends size number of val into slice.
 func SlicePad(slice []interface{}, size int, val interface{}) []interface{} {
 	if size <= len(slice) {
 		return slice
@@ -122,6 +135,7 @@ func SlicePad(slice []interface{}, size int, val interface{}) []interface{} {
 	return slice
 }
 
+// SliceUnique cleans repeated values in slice.
 func SliceUnique(slice []interface{}) (uniqueslice []interface{}) {
 	for _, v := range slice {
 		if !InSliceIface(v, uniqueslice) {
@@ -131,6 +145,7 @@ func SliceUnique(slice []interface{}) (uniqueslice []interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// SliceShuffle shuffles a slice.
 func SliceShuffle(slice []interface{}) []interface{} {
 	for i := 0; i < len(slice); i++ {
 		a := rand.Intn(len(slice))

validation/util.go

@@ -41,13 +41,16 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
+// Valid function type
 type ValidFunc struct {
 	Name   string
 	Params []interface{}
 }
 
+// Validate function map
 type Funcs map[string]reflect.Value
 
+// validate values with named type string
 func (f Funcs) Call(name string, params ...interface{}) (result []reflect.Value, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {

validation/validation.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ type ValidationResult struct {
 	Ok    bool
 }
 
+// Get ValidationResult by given key string.
 func (r *ValidationResult) Key(key string) *ValidationResult {
 	if r.Error != nil {
 		r.Error.Key = key
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ func (r *ValidationResult) Key(key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return r
 }
 
+// Set ValidationResult message by string or format string with args
 func (r *ValidationResult) Message(message string, args ...interface{}) *ValidationResult {
 	if r.Error != nil {
 		if len(args) == 0 {
@@ -56,10 +58,12 @@ type Validation struct {
 	ErrorsMap map[string]*ValidationError
 }
 
+// Clean all ValidationError.
 func (v *Validation) Clear() {
 	v.Errors = []*ValidationError{}
 }
 
+// Has ValidationError nor not.
 func (v *Validation) HasErrors() bool {
 	return len(v.Errors) > 0
 }
@@ -101,67 +105,83 @@ func (v *Validation) Range(obj interface{}, min, max int, key string) *Validatio
 	return v.apply(Range{Min{Min: min}, Max{Max: max}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is longer than min size if type is string or slice
 func (v *Validation) MinSize(obj interface{}, min int, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(MinSize{min, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is shorter than max size if type is string or slice
 func (v *Validation) MaxSize(obj interface{}, max int, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(MaxSize{max, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is same length to n if type is string or slice
 func (v *Validation) Length(obj interface{}, n int, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Length{n, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is [a-zA-Z] if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Alpha(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Alpha{key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is [0-9] if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Numeric(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Numeric{key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is [0-9a-zA-Z] if type is string
 func (v *Validation) AlphaNumeric(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(AlphaNumeric{key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj matches regexp if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Match(obj interface{}, regex *regexp.Regexp, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Match{regex, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj doesn't match regexp if type is string
 func (v *Validation) NoMatch(obj interface{}, regex *regexp.Regexp, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(NoMatch{Match{Regexp: regex}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is [0-9a-zA-Z_-] if type is string
 func (v *Validation) AlphaDash(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(AlphaDash{NoMatch{Match: Match{Regexp: alphaDashPattern}}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is email address if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Email(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Email{Match{Regexp: emailPattern}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is IP address if type is string
 func (v *Validation) IP(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(IP{Match{Regexp: ipPattern}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is base64 encoded if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Base64(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Base64{Match{Regexp: base64Pattern}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is chinese mobile number if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Mobile(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Mobile{Match{Regexp: mobilePattern}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is chinese telephone number if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Tel(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Tel{Match{Regexp: telPattern}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is chinese mobile or telephone number if type is string
 func (v *Validation) Phone(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(Phone{Mobile{Match: Match{Regexp: mobilePattern}},
 		Tel{Match: Match{Regexp: telPattern}}, key}, obj)
 }
 
+// Test that the obj is chinese zip code if type is string
 func (v *Validation) ZipCode(obj interface{}, key string) *ValidationResult {
 	return v.apply(ZipCode{Match{Regexp: zipCodePattern}, key}, obj)
 }
@@ -210,6 +230,7 @@ func (v *Validation) setError(err *ValidationError) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Set error message for one field in ValidationError
 func (v *Validation) SetError(fieldName string, errMsg string) *ValidationError {
 	err := &ValidationError{Key: fieldName, Field: fieldName, Tmpl: errMsg, Message: errMsg}
 	v.setError(err)
@@ -230,6 +251,7 @@ func (v *Validation) Check(obj interface{}, checks ...Validator) *ValidationResu
 	return result
 }
 
+// Validate a struct.
 // the obj parameter must be a struct or a struct pointer
 func (v *Validation) Valid(obj interface{}) (b bool, err error) {
 	objT := reflect.TypeOf(obj)