Merge pull request #4070 from flycash/develop-2.0

Move orm to pkg/orm

pkg/orm/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# beego orm
+
+[![Build Status](https://drone.io/github.com/astaxie/beego/status.png)](https://drone.io/github.com/astaxie/beego/latest)
+
+A powerful orm framework for go.
+
+It is heavily influenced by Django ORM, SQLAlchemy.
+
+**Support Database:**
+
+* MySQL: [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)
+* PostgreSQL: [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq)
+* Sqlite3: [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
+
+Passed all test, but need more feedback.
+
+**Features:**
+
+* full go type support
+* easy for usage, simple CRUD operation
+* auto join with relation table
+* cross DataBase compatible query
+* Raw SQL query / mapper without orm model
+* full test keep stable and strong
+
+more features please read the docs
+
+**Install:**
+
+	go get github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+
+## Changelog
+
+* 2013-08-19: support table auto create
+* 2013-08-13: update test for database types
+* 2013-08-13: go type support, such as int8, uint8, byte, rune
+* 2013-08-13: date / datetime timezone support very well
+
+## Quick Start
+
+#### Simple Usage
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/astaxie/beego/orm"
+	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" // import your used driver
+)
+
+// Model Struct
+type User struct {
+	Id   int    `orm:"auto"`
+	Name string `orm:"size(100)"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	// register model
+	orm.RegisterModel(new(User))
+
+	// set default database
+	orm.RegisterDataBase("default", "mysql", "root:root@/my_db?charset=utf8", 30)
+	
+	// create table
+	orm.RunSyncdb("default", false, true)	
+}
+
+func main() {
+	o := orm.NewOrm()
+
+	user := User{Name: "slene"}
+
+	// insert
+	id, err := o.Insert(&user)
+
+	// update
+	user.Name = "astaxie"
+	num, err := o.Update(&user)
+
+	// read one
+	u := User{Id: user.Id}
+	err = o.Read(&u)
+
+	// delete
+	num, err = o.Delete(&u)	
+}
+```
+
+#### Next with relation
+
+```go
+type Post struct {
+	Id    int    `orm:"auto"`
+	Title string `orm:"size(100)"`
+	User  *User  `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+}
+
+var posts []*Post
+qs := o.QueryTable("post")
+num, err := qs.Filter("User__Name", "slene").All(&posts)
+```
+
+#### Use Raw sql
+
+If you don't like ORM，use Raw SQL to query / mapping without ORM setting
+
+```go
+var maps []Params
+num, err := o.Raw("SELECT id FROM user WHERE name = ?", "slene").Values(&maps)
+if num > 0 {
+	fmt.Println(maps[0]["id"])
+}
+```
+
+#### Transaction
+
+```go
+o.Begin()
+...
+user := User{Name: "slene"}
+id, err := o.Insert(&user)
+if err == nil {
+	o.Commit()
+} else {
+	o.Rollback()
+}
+
+```
+
+#### Debug Log Queries
+
+In development env, you can simple use
+
+```go
+func main() {
+	orm.Debug = true
+...
+```
+
+enable log queries.
+
+output include all queries, such as exec / prepare / transaction.
+
+like this:
+
+```go
+[ORM] - 2013-08-09 13:18:16 - [Queries/default] - [    db.Exec /     0.4ms] - [INSERT INTO `user` (`name`) VALUES (?)] - `slene`
+...
+```
+
+note: not recommend use this in product env.
+
+## Docs
+
+more details and examples in docs and test
+
+[documents](http://beego.me/docs/mvc/model/overview.md)
+

pkg/orm/cmd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type commander interface {
+	Parse([]string)
+	Run() error
+}
+
+var (
+	commands = make(map[string]commander)
+)
+
+// print help.
+func printHelp(errs ...string) {
+	content := `orm command usage:
+
+    syncdb     - auto create tables
+    sqlall     - print sql of create tables
+    help       - print this help
+`
+
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		fmt.Println(errs[0])
+	}
+	fmt.Println(content)
+	os.Exit(2)
+}
+
+// RunCommand listen for orm command and then run it if command arguments passed.
+func RunCommand() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 || os.Args[1] != "orm" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	BootStrap()
+
+	args := argString(os.Args[2:])
+	name := args.Get(0)
+
+	if name == "help" {
+		printHelp()
+	}
+
+	if cmd, ok := commands[name]; ok {
+		cmd.Parse(os.Args[3:])
+		cmd.Run()
+		os.Exit(0)
+	} else {
+		if name == "" {
+			printHelp()
+		} else {
+			printHelp(fmt.Sprintf("unknown command %s", name))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// sync database struct command interface.
+type commandSyncDb struct {
+	al        *alias
+	force     bool
+	verbose   bool
+	noInfo    bool
+	rtOnError bool
+}
+
+// parse orm command line arguments.
+func (d *commandSyncDb) Parse(args []string) {
+	var name string
+
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("orm command: syncdb", flag.ExitOnError)
+	flagSet.StringVar(&name, "db", "default", "DataBase alias name")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&d.force, "force", false, "drop tables before create")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&d.verbose, "v", false, "verbose info")
+	flagSet.Parse(args)
+
+	d.al = getDbAlias(name)
+}
+
+// run orm line command.
+func (d *commandSyncDb) Run() error {
+	var drops []string
+	if d.force {
+		drops = getDbDropSQL(d.al)
+	}
+
+	db := d.al.DB
+
+	if d.force {
+		for i, mi := range modelCache.allOrdered() {
+			query := drops[i]
+			if !d.noInfo {
+				fmt.Printf("drop table `%s`\n", mi.table)
+			}
+			_, err := db.Exec(query)
+			if d.verbose {
+				fmt.Printf("    %s\n\n", query)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				if d.rtOnError {
+					return err
+				}
+				fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sqls, indexes := getDbCreateSQL(d.al)
+
+	tables, err := d.al.DbBaser.GetTables(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		if d.rtOnError {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	for i, mi := range modelCache.allOrdered() {
+		if tables[mi.table] {
+			if !d.noInfo {
+				fmt.Printf("table `%s` already exists, skip\n", mi.table)
+			}
+
+			var fields []*fieldInfo
+			columns, err := d.al.DbBaser.GetColumns(db, mi.table)
+			if err != nil {
+				if d.rtOnError {
+					return err
+				}
+				fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+			}
+
+			for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsDB {
+				if _, ok := columns[fi.column]; !ok {
+					fields = append(fields, fi)
+				}
+			}
+
+			for _, fi := range fields {
+				query := getColumnAddQuery(d.al, fi)
+
+				if !d.noInfo {
+					fmt.Printf("add column `%s` for table `%s`\n", fi.fullName, mi.table)
+				}
+
+				_, err := db.Exec(query)
+				if d.verbose {
+					fmt.Printf("    %s\n", query)
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					if d.rtOnError {
+						return err
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+				}
+			}
+
+			for _, idx := range indexes[mi.table] {
+				if !d.al.DbBaser.IndexExists(db, idx.Table, idx.Name) {
+					if !d.noInfo {
+						fmt.Printf("create index `%s` for table `%s`\n", idx.Name, idx.Table)
+					}
+
+					query := idx.SQL
+					_, err := db.Exec(query)
+					if d.verbose {
+						fmt.Printf("    %s\n", query)
+					}
+					if err != nil {
+						if d.rtOnError {
+							return err
+						}
+						fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !d.noInfo {
+			fmt.Printf("create table `%s` \n", mi.table)
+		}
+
+		queries := []string{sqls[i]}
+		for _, idx := range indexes[mi.table] {
+			queries = append(queries, idx.SQL)
+		}
+
+		for _, query := range queries {
+			_, err := db.Exec(query)
+			if d.verbose {
+				query = "    " + strings.Join(strings.Split(query, "\n"), "\n    ")
+				fmt.Println(query)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				if d.rtOnError {
+					return err
+				}
+				fmt.Printf("    %s\n", err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+		if d.verbose {
+			fmt.Println("")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// database creation commander interface implement.
+type commandSQLAll struct {
+	al *alias
+}
+
+// parse orm command line arguments.
+func (d *commandSQLAll) Parse(args []string) {
+	var name string
+
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("orm command: sqlall", flag.ExitOnError)
+	flagSet.StringVar(&name, "db", "default", "DataBase alias name")
+	flagSet.Parse(args)
+
+	d.al = getDbAlias(name)
+}
+
+// run orm line command.
+func (d *commandSQLAll) Run() error {
+	sqls, indexes := getDbCreateSQL(d.al)
+	var all []string
+	for i, mi := range modelCache.allOrdered() {
+		queries := []string{sqls[i]}
+		for _, idx := range indexes[mi.table] {
+			queries = append(queries, idx.SQL)
+		}
+		sql := strings.Join(queries, "\n")
+		all = append(all, sql)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(strings.Join(all, "\n\n"))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	commands["syncdb"] = new(commandSyncDb)
+	commands["sqlall"] = new(commandSQLAll)
+}
+
+// RunSyncdb run syncdb command line.
+// name means table's alias name. default is "default".
+// force means run next sql if the current is error.
+// verbose means show all info when running command or not.
+func RunSyncdb(name string, force bool, verbose bool) error {
+	BootStrap()
+
+	al := getDbAlias(name)
+	cmd := new(commandSyncDb)
+	cmd.al = al
+	cmd.force = force
+	cmd.noInfo = !verbose
+	cmd.verbose = verbose
+	cmd.rtOnError = true
+	return cmd.Run()
+}

pkg/orm/cmd_utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type dbIndex struct {
+	Table string
+	Name  string
+	SQL   string
+}
+
+// create database drop sql.
+func getDbDropSQL(al *alias) (sqls []string) {
+	if len(modelCache.cache) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("no Model found, need register your model")
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+
+	Q := al.DbBaser.TableQuote()
+
+	for _, mi := range modelCache.allOrdered() {
+		sqls = append(sqls, fmt.Sprintf(`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %s%s%s`, Q, mi.table, Q))
+	}
+	return sqls
+}
+
+// get database column type string.
+func getColumnTyp(al *alias, fi *fieldInfo) (col string) {
+	T := al.DbBaser.DbTypes()
+	fieldType := fi.fieldType
+	fieldSize := fi.size
+
+checkColumn:
+	switch fieldType {
+	case TypeBooleanField:
+		col = T["bool"]
+	case TypeVarCharField:
+		if al.Driver == DRPostgres && fi.toText {
+			col = T["string-text"]
+		} else {
+			col = fmt.Sprintf(T["string"], fieldSize)
+		}
+	case TypeCharField:
+		col = fmt.Sprintf(T["string-char"], fieldSize)
+	case TypeTextField:
+		col = T["string-text"]
+	case TypeTimeField:
+		col = T["time.Time-clock"]
+	case TypeDateField:
+		col = T["time.Time-date"]
+	case TypeDateTimeField:
+		col = T["time.Time"]
+	case TypeBitField:
+		col = T["int8"]
+	case TypeSmallIntegerField:
+		col = T["int16"]
+	case TypeIntegerField:
+		col = T["int32"]
+	case TypeBigIntegerField:
+		if al.Driver == DRSqlite {
+			fieldType = TypeIntegerField
+			goto checkColumn
+		}
+		col = T["int64"]
+	case TypePositiveBitField:
+		col = T["uint8"]
+	case TypePositiveSmallIntegerField:
+		col = T["uint16"]
+	case TypePositiveIntegerField:
+		col = T["uint32"]
+	case TypePositiveBigIntegerField:
+		col = T["uint64"]
+	case TypeFloatField:
+		col = T["float64"]
+	case TypeDecimalField:
+		s := T["float64-decimal"]
+		if !strings.Contains(s, "%d") {
+			col = s
+		} else {
+			col = fmt.Sprintf(s, fi.digits, fi.decimals)
+		}
+	case TypeJSONField:
+		if al.Driver != DRPostgres {
+			fieldType = TypeVarCharField
+			goto checkColumn
+		}
+		col = T["json"]
+	case TypeJsonbField:
+		if al.Driver != DRPostgres {
+			fieldType = TypeVarCharField
+			goto checkColumn
+		}
+		col = T["jsonb"]
+	case RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne:
+		fieldType = fi.relModelInfo.fields.pk.fieldType
+		fieldSize = fi.relModelInfo.fields.pk.size
+		goto checkColumn
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// create alter sql string.
+func getColumnAddQuery(al *alias, fi *fieldInfo) string {
+	Q := al.DbBaser.TableQuote()
+	typ := getColumnTyp(al, fi)
+
+	if !fi.null {
+		typ += " " + "NOT NULL"
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE %s%s%s ADD COLUMN %s%s%s %s %s",
+		Q, fi.mi.table, Q,
+		Q, fi.column, Q,
+		typ, getColumnDefault(fi),
+	)
+}
+
+// create database creation string.
+func getDbCreateSQL(al *alias) (sqls []string, tableIndexes map[string][]dbIndex) {
+	if len(modelCache.cache) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("no Model found, need register your model")
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+
+	Q := al.DbBaser.TableQuote()
+	T := al.DbBaser.DbTypes()
+	sep := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s", Q, Q)
+
+	tableIndexes = make(map[string][]dbIndex)
+
+	for _, mi := range modelCache.allOrdered() {
+		sql := fmt.Sprintf("-- %s\n", strings.Repeat("-", 50))
+		sql += fmt.Sprintf("--  Table Structure for `%s`\n", mi.fullName)
+		sql += fmt.Sprintf("-- %s\n", strings.Repeat("-", 50))
+
+		sql += fmt.Sprintf("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s%s%s (\n", Q, mi.table, Q)
+
+		columns := make([]string, 0, len(mi.fields.fieldsDB))
+
+		sqlIndexes := [][]string{}
+
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsDB {
+
+			column := fmt.Sprintf("    %s%s%s ", Q, fi.column, Q)
+			col := getColumnTyp(al, fi)
+
+			if fi.auto {
+				switch al.Driver {
+				case DRSqlite, DRPostgres:
+					column += T["auto"]
+				default:
+					column += col + " " + T["auto"]
+				}
+			} else if fi.pk {
+				column += col + " " + T["pk"]
+			} else {
+				column += col
+
+				if !fi.null {
+					column += " " + "NOT NULL"
+				}
+
+				//if fi.initial.String() != "" {
+				//	column += " DEFAULT " + fi.initial.String()
+				//}
+
+				// Append attribute DEFAULT
+				column += getColumnDefault(fi)
+
+				if fi.unique {
+					column += " " + "UNIQUE"
+				}
+
+				if fi.index {
+					sqlIndexes = append(sqlIndexes, []string{fi.column})
+				}
+			}
+
+			if strings.Contains(column, "%COL%") {
+				column = strings.Replace(column, "%COL%", fi.column, -1)
+			}
+			
+			if fi.description != "" && al.Driver!=DRSqlite {
+				column += " " + fmt.Sprintf("COMMENT '%s'",fi.description)
+			}
+
+			columns = append(columns, column)
+		}
+
+		if mi.model != nil {
+			allnames := getTableUnique(mi.addrField)
+			if !mi.manual && len(mi.uniques) > 0 {
+				allnames = append(allnames, mi.uniques)
+			}
+			for _, names := range allnames {
+				cols := make([]string, 0, len(names))
+				for _, name := range names {
+					if fi, ok := mi.fields.GetByAny(name); ok && fi.dbcol {
+						cols = append(cols, fi.column)
+					} else {
+						panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot found column `%s` when parse UNIQUE in `%s.TableUnique`", name, mi.fullName))
+					}
+				}
+				column := fmt.Sprintf("    UNIQUE (%s%s%s)", Q, strings.Join(cols, sep), Q)
+				columns = append(columns, column)
+			}
+		}
+
+		sql += strings.Join(columns, ",\n")
+		sql += "\n)"
+
+		if al.Driver == DRMySQL {
+			var engine string
+			if mi.model != nil {
+				engine = getTableEngine(mi.addrField)
+			}
+			if engine == "" {
+				engine = al.Engine
+			}
+			sql += " ENGINE=" + engine
+		}
+
+		sql += ";"
+		sqls = append(sqls, sql)
+
+		if mi.model != nil {
+			for _, names := range getTableIndex(mi.addrField) {
+				cols := make([]string, 0, len(names))
+				for _, name := range names {
+					if fi, ok := mi.fields.GetByAny(name); ok && fi.dbcol {
+						cols = append(cols, fi.column)
+					} else {
+						panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot found column `%s` when parse INDEX in `%s.TableIndex`", name, mi.fullName))
+					}
+				}
+				sqlIndexes = append(sqlIndexes, cols)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, names := range sqlIndexes {
+			name := mi.table + "_" + strings.Join(names, "_")
+			cols := strings.Join(names, sep)
+			sql := fmt.Sprintf("CREATE INDEX %s%s%s ON %s%s%s (%s%s%s);", Q, name, Q, Q, mi.table, Q, Q, cols, Q)
+
+			index := dbIndex{}
+			index.Table = mi.table
+			index.Name = name
+			index.SQL = sql
+
+			tableIndexes[mi.table] = append(tableIndexes[mi.table], index)
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Get string value for the attribute "DEFAULT" for the CREATE, ALTER commands
+func getColumnDefault(fi *fieldInfo) string {
+	var (
+		v, t, d string
+	)
+
+	// Skip default attribute if field is in relations
+	if fi.rel || fi.reverse {
+		return v
+	}
+
+	t = " DEFAULT '%s' "
+
+	// These defaults will be useful if there no config value orm:"default" and NOT NULL is on
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case TypeTimeField, TypeDateField, TypeDateTimeField, TypeTextField:
+		return v
+
+	case TypeBitField, TypeSmallIntegerField, TypeIntegerField,
+		TypeBigIntegerField, TypePositiveBitField, TypePositiveSmallIntegerField,
+		TypePositiveIntegerField, TypePositiveBigIntegerField, TypeFloatField,
+		TypeDecimalField:
+		t = " DEFAULT %s "
+		d = "0"
+	case TypeBooleanField:
+		t = " DEFAULT %s "
+		d = "FALSE"
+	case TypeJSONField, TypeJsonbField:
+		d = "{}"
+	}
+
+	if fi.colDefault {
+		if !fi.initial.Exist() {
+			v = fmt.Sprintf(t, "")
+		} else {
+			v = fmt.Sprintf(t, fi.initial.String())
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !fi.null {
+			v = fmt.Sprintf(t, d)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return v
+}

pkg/orm/db_alias.go

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// DriverType database driver constant int.
+type DriverType int
+
+// Enum the Database driver
+const (
+	_          DriverType = iota // int enum type
+	DRMySQL                      // mysql
+	DRSqlite                     // sqlite
+	DROracle                     // oracle
+	DRPostgres                   // pgsql
+	DRTiDB                       // TiDB
+)
+
+// database driver string.
+type driver string
+
+// get type constant int of current driver..
+func (d driver) Type() DriverType {
+	a, _ := dataBaseCache.get(string(d))
+	return a.Driver
+}
+
+// get name of current driver
+func (d driver) Name() string {
+	return string(d)
+}
+
+// check driver iis implemented Driver interface or not.
+var _ Driver = new(driver)
+
+var (
+	dataBaseCache = &_dbCache{cache: make(map[string]*alias)}
+	drivers       = map[string]DriverType{
+		"mysql":    DRMySQL,
+		"postgres": DRPostgres,
+		"sqlite3":  DRSqlite,
+		"tidb":     DRTiDB,
+		"oracle":   DROracle,
+		"oci8":     DROracle, // github.com/mattn/go-oci8
+		"ora":      DROracle, //https://github.com/rana/ora
+	}
+	dbBasers = map[DriverType]dbBaser{
+		DRMySQL:    newdbBaseMysql(),
+		DRSqlite:   newdbBaseSqlite(),
+		DROracle:   newdbBaseOracle(),
+		DRPostgres: newdbBasePostgres(),
+		DRTiDB:     newdbBaseTidb(),
+	}
+)
+
+// database alias cacher.
+type _dbCache struct {
+	mux   sync.RWMutex
+	cache map[string]*alias
+}
+
+// add database alias with original name.
+func (ac *_dbCache) add(name string, al *alias) (added bool) {
+	ac.mux.Lock()
+	defer ac.mux.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := ac.cache[name]; !ok {
+		ac.cache[name] = al
+		added = true
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// get database alias if cached.
+func (ac *_dbCache) get(name string) (al *alias, ok bool) {
+	ac.mux.RLock()
+	defer ac.mux.RUnlock()
+	al, ok = ac.cache[name]
+	return
+}
+
+// get default alias.
+func (ac *_dbCache) getDefault() (al *alias) {
+	al, _ = ac.get("default")
+	return
+}
+
+type DB struct {
+	*sync.RWMutex
+	DB             *sql.DB
+	stmtDecorators *lru.Cache
+}
+
+func (d *DB) Begin() (*sql.Tx, error) {
+	return d.DB.Begin()
+}
+
+func (d *DB) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) (*sql.Tx, error) {
+	return d.DB.BeginTx(ctx, opts)
+}
+
+//su must call release to release *sql.Stmt after using
+func (d *DB) getStmtDecorator(query string) (*stmtDecorator, error) {
+	d.RLock()
+	c, ok := d.stmtDecorators.Get(query)
+	if ok {
+		c.(*stmtDecorator).acquire()
+		d.RUnlock()
+		return c.(*stmtDecorator), nil
+	}
+	d.RUnlock()
+
+	d.Lock()
+	c, ok = d.stmtDecorators.Get(query)
+	if ok {
+		c.(*stmtDecorator).acquire()
+		d.Unlock()
+		return c.(*stmtDecorator), nil
+	}
+
+	stmt, err := d.Prepare(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Unlock()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sd := newStmtDecorator(stmt)
+	sd.acquire()
+	d.stmtDecorators.Add(query, sd)
+	d.Unlock()
+
+	return sd, nil
+}
+
+func (d *DB) Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) {
+	return d.DB.Prepare(query)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) PrepareContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) {
+	return d.DB.PrepareContext(ctx, query)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.Exec(args...)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.ExecContext(ctx, args...)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.Query(args...)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.QueryContext(ctx, args...)
+}
+
+func (d *DB) QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.QueryRow(args...)
+
+}
+
+func (d *DB) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
+	sd, err := d.getStmtDecorator(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	stmt := sd.getStmt()
+	defer sd.release()
+	return stmt.QueryRowContext(ctx, args)
+}
+
+type alias struct {
+	Name         string
+	Driver       DriverType
+	DriverName   string
+	DataSource   string
+	MaxIdleConns int
+	MaxOpenConns int
+	DB           *DB
+	DbBaser      dbBaser
+	TZ           *time.Location
+	Engine       string
+}
+
+func detectTZ(al *alias) {
+	// orm timezone system match database
+	// default use Local
+	al.TZ = DefaultTimeLoc
+
+	if al.DriverName == "sphinx" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch al.Driver {
+	case DRMySQL:
+		row := al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT TIMEDIFF(NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP)")
+		var tz string
+		row.Scan(&tz)
+		if len(tz) >= 8 {
+			if tz[0] != '-' {
+				tz = "+" + tz
+			}
+			t, err := time.Parse("-07:00:00", tz)
+			if err == nil {
+				if t.Location().String() != "" {
+					al.TZ = t.Location()
+				}
+			} else {
+				DebugLog.Printf("Detect DB timezone: %s %s\n", tz, err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+
+		// get default engine from current database
+		row = al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT ENGINE, TRANSACTIONS FROM information_schema.engines WHERE SUPPORT = 'DEFAULT'")
+		var engine string
+		var tx bool
+		row.Scan(&engine, &tx)
+
+		if engine != "" {
+			al.Engine = engine
+		} else {
+			al.Engine = "INNODB"
+		}
+
+	case DRSqlite, DROracle:
+		al.TZ = time.UTC
+
+	case DRPostgres:
+		row := al.DB.QueryRow("SELECT current_setting('TIMEZONE')")
+		var tz string
+		row.Scan(&tz)
+		loc, err := time.LoadLocation(tz)
+		if err == nil {
+			al.TZ = loc
+		} else {
+			DebugLog.Printf("Detect DB timezone: %s %s\n", tz, err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName string, db *sql.DB) (*alias, error) {
+	al := new(alias)
+	al.Name = aliasName
+	al.DriverName = driverName
+	al.DB = &DB{
+		RWMutex:        new(sync.RWMutex),
+		DB:             db,
+		stmtDecorators: newStmtDecoratorLruWithEvict(),
+	}
+
+	if dr, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok {
+		al.DbBaser = dbBasers[dr]
+		al.Driver = dr
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("driver name `%s` have not registered", driverName)
+	}
+
+	err := db.Ping()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register db Ping `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if !dataBaseCache.add(aliasName, al) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("DataBase alias name `%s` already registered, cannot reuse", aliasName)
+	}
+
+	return al, nil
+}
+
+// AddAliasWthDB add a aliasName for the drivename
+func AddAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName string, db *sql.DB) error {
+	_, err := addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName, db)
+	return err
+}
+
+// RegisterDataBase Setting the database connect params. Use the database driver self dataSource args.
+func RegisterDataBase(aliasName, driverName, dataSource string, params ...int) error {
+	var (
+		err error
+		db  *sql.DB
+		al  *alias
+	)
+
+	db, err = sql.Open(driverName, dataSource)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("register db `%s`, %s", aliasName, err.Error())
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	al, err = addAliasWthDB(aliasName, driverName, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	al.DataSource = dataSource
+
+	detectTZ(al)
+
+	for i, v := range params {
+		switch i {
+		case 0:
+			SetMaxIdleConns(al.Name, v)
+		case 1:
+			SetMaxOpenConns(al.Name, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+end:
+	if err != nil {
+		if db != nil {
+			db.Close()
+		}
+		DebugLog.Println(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// RegisterDriver Register a database driver use specify driver name, this can be definition the driver is which database type.
+func RegisterDriver(driverName string, typ DriverType) error {
+	if t, ok := drivers[driverName]; !ok {
+		drivers[driverName] = typ
+	} else {
+		if t != typ {
+			return fmt.Errorf("driverName `%s` db driver already registered and is other type", driverName)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetDataBaseTZ Change the database default used timezone
+func SetDataBaseTZ(aliasName string, tz *time.Location) error {
+	if al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(aliasName); ok {
+		al.TZ = tz
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("DataBase alias name `%s` not registered", aliasName)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetMaxIdleConns Change the max idle conns for *sql.DB, use specify database alias name
+func SetMaxIdleConns(aliasName string, maxIdleConns int) {
+	al := getDbAlias(aliasName)
+	al.MaxIdleConns = maxIdleConns
+	al.DB.DB.SetMaxIdleConns(maxIdleConns)
+}
+
+// SetMaxOpenConns Change the max open conns for *sql.DB, use specify database alias name
+func SetMaxOpenConns(aliasName string, maxOpenConns int) {
+	al := getDbAlias(aliasName)
+	al.MaxOpenConns = maxOpenConns
+	al.DB.DB.SetMaxOpenConns(maxOpenConns)
+	// for tip go 1.2
+	if fun := reflect.ValueOf(al.DB).MethodByName("SetMaxOpenConns"); fun.IsValid() {
+		fun.Call([]reflect.Value{reflect.ValueOf(maxOpenConns)})
+	}
+}
+
+// GetDB Get *sql.DB from registered database by db alias name.
+// Use "default" as alias name if you not set.
+func GetDB(aliasNames ...string) (*sql.DB, error) {
+	var name string
+	if len(aliasNames) > 0 {
+		name = aliasNames[0]
+	} else {
+		name = "default"
+	}
+	al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(name)
+	if ok {
+		return al.DB.DB, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("DataBase of alias name `%s` not found", name)
+}
+
+type stmtDecorator struct {
+	wg sync.WaitGroup
+	stmt *sql.Stmt
+}
+
+func (s *stmtDecorator) getStmt() *sql.Stmt {
+	return s.stmt
+}
+
+// acquire will add one
+// since this method will be used inside read lock scope,
+// so we can not do more things here
+// we should think about refactor this
+func (s *stmtDecorator) acquire() {
+	s.wg.Add(1)
+}
+
+func (s *stmtDecorator) release() {
+	s.wg.Done()
+}
+
+//garbage recycle for stmt
+func (s *stmtDecorator) destroy() {
+	go func() {
+		s.wg.Wait()
+		_ = s.stmt.Close()
+	}()
+}
+
+func newStmtDecorator(sqlStmt *sql.Stmt) *stmtDecorator {
+	return &stmtDecorator{
+		stmt: sqlStmt,
+	}
+}
+
+func newStmtDecoratorLruWithEvict() *lru.Cache {
+	cache, _ := lru.NewWithEvict(1000, func(key interface{}, value interface{}) {
+		value.(*stmtDecorator).destroy()
+	})
+	return cache
+}

pkg/orm/db_mysql.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// mysql operators.
+var mysqlOperators = map[string]string{
+	"exact":     "= ?",
+	"iexact":    "LIKE ?",
+	"contains":  "LIKE BINARY ?",
+	"icontains": "LIKE ?",
+	// "regex":       "REGEXP BINARY ?",
+	// "iregex":      "REGEXP ?",
+	"gt":          "> ?",
+	"gte":         ">= ?",
+	"lt":          "< ?",
+	"lte":         "<= ?",
+	"eq":          "= ?",
+	"ne":          "!= ?",
+	"startswith":  "LIKE BINARY ?",
+	"endswith":    "LIKE BINARY ?",
+	"istartswith": "LIKE ?",
+	"iendswith":   "LIKE ?",
+}
+
+// mysql column field types.
+var mysqlTypes = map[string]string{
+	"auto":            "AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"bool":            "bool",
+	"string":          "varchar(%d)",
+	"string-char":     "char(%d)",
+	"string-text":     "longtext",
+	"time.Time-date":  "date",
+	"time.Time":       "datetime",
+	"int8":            "tinyint",
+	"int16":           "smallint",
+	"int32":           "integer",
+	"int64":           "bigint",
+	"uint8":           "tinyint unsigned",
+	"uint16":          "smallint unsigned",
+	"uint32":          "integer unsigned",
+	"uint64":          "bigint unsigned",
+	"float64":         "double precision",
+	"float64-decimal": "numeric(%d, %d)",
+}
+
+// mysql dbBaser implementation.
+type dbBaseMysql struct {
+	dbBase
+}
+
+var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseMysql)
+
+// get mysql operator.
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) OperatorSQL(operator string) string {
+	return mysqlOperators[operator]
+}
+
+// get mysql table field types.
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) DbTypes() map[string]string {
+	return mysqlTypes
+}
+
+// show table sql for mysql.
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) ShowTablesQuery() string {
+	return "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'BASE TABLE' AND table_schema = DATABASE()"
+}
+
+// show columns sql of table for mysql.
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE FROM information_schema.columns "+
+		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = '%s'", table)
+}
+
+// execute sql to check index exist.
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
+	row := db.QueryRow("SELECT count(*) FROM information_schema.statistics "+
+		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = ? AND index_name = ?", table, name)
+	var cnt int
+	row.Scan(&cnt)
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+// InsertOrUpdate a row
+// If your primary key or unique column conflict will update
+// If no will insert
+// Add "`" for mysql sql building
+func (d *dbBaseMysql) InsertOrUpdate(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, a *alias, args ...string) (int64, error) {
+	var iouStr string
+	argsMap := map[string]string{}
+
+	iouStr = "ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE"
+
+	//Get on the key-value pairs
+	for _, v := range args {
+		kv := strings.Split(v, "=")
+		if len(kv) == 2 {
+			argsMap[strings.ToLower(kv[0])] = kv[1]
+		}
+	}
+
+	isMulti := false
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(mi.fields.dbcols)-1)
+	Q := d.ins.TableQuote()
+	values, _, err := d.collectValues(mi, ind, mi.fields.dbcols, true, true, &names, a.TZ)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	marks := make([]string, len(names))
+	updateValues := make([]interface{}, 0)
+	updates := make([]string, len(names))
+
+	for i, v := range names {
+		marks[i] = "?"
+		valueStr := argsMap[strings.ToLower(v)]
+		if valueStr != "" {
+			updates[i] = "`" + v + "`" + "=" + valueStr
+		} else {
+			updates[i] = "`" + v + "`" + "=?"
+			updateValues = append(updateValues, values[i])
+		}
+	}
+
+	values = append(values, updateValues...)
+
+	sep := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s", Q, Q)
+	qmarks := strings.Join(marks, ", ")
+	qupdates := strings.Join(updates, ", ")
+	columns := strings.Join(names, sep)
+
+	multi := len(values) / len(names)
+
+	if isMulti {
+		qmarks = strings.Repeat(qmarks+"), (", multi-1) + qmarks
+	}
+	//conflitValue maybe is a int,can`t use fmt.Sprintf
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO %s%s%s (%s%s%s) VALUES (%s) %s "+qupdates, Q, mi.table, Q, Q, columns, Q, qmarks, iouStr)
+
+	d.ins.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	if isMulti || !d.ins.HasReturningID(mi, &query) {
+		res, err := q.Exec(query, values...)
+		if err == nil {
+			if isMulti {
+				return res.RowsAffected()
+			}
+			return res.LastInsertId()
+		}
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	row := q.QueryRow(query, values...)
+	var id int64
+	err = row.Scan(&id)
+	return id, err
+}
+
+// create new mysql dbBaser.
+func newdbBaseMysql() dbBaser {
+	b := new(dbBaseMysql)
+	b.ins = b
+	return b
+}

pkg/orm/db_oracle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// oracle operators.
+var oracleOperators = map[string]string{
+	"exact":       "= ?",
+	"gt":          "> ?",
+	"gte":         ">= ?",
+	"lt":          "< ?",
+	"lte":         "<= ?",
+	"//iendswith": "LIKE ?",
+}
+
+// oracle column field types.
+var oracleTypes = map[string]string{
+	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"bool":            "bool",
+	"string":          "VARCHAR2(%d)",
+	"string-char":     "CHAR(%d)",
+	"string-text":     "VARCHAR2(%d)",
+	"time.Time-date":  "DATE",
+	"time.Time":       "TIMESTAMP",
+	"int8":            "INTEGER",
+	"int16":           "INTEGER",
+	"int32":           "INTEGER",
+	"int64":           "INTEGER",
+	"uint8":           "INTEGER",
+	"uint16":          "INTEGER",
+	"uint32":          "INTEGER",
+	"uint64":          "INTEGER",
+	"float64":         "NUMBER",
+	"float64-decimal": "NUMBER(%d, %d)",
+}
+
+// oracle dbBaser
+type dbBaseOracle struct {
+	dbBase
+}
+
+var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseOracle)
+
+// create oracle dbBaser.
+func newdbBaseOracle() dbBaser {
+	b := new(dbBaseOracle)
+	b.ins = b
+	return b
+}
+
+// OperatorSQL get oracle operator.
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) OperatorSQL(operator string) string {
+	return oracleOperators[operator]
+}
+
+// DbTypes get oracle table field types.
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) DbTypes() map[string]string {
+	return oracleTypes
+}
+
+//ShowTablesQuery show all the tables in database
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) ShowTablesQuery() string {
+	return "SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM USER_TABLES"
+}
+
+// Oracle
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS "+
+		"WHERE TABLE_NAME ='%s'", strings.ToUpper(table))
+}
+
+// check index is exist
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
+	row := db.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM USER_IND_COLUMNS, USER_INDEXES "+
+		"WHERE USER_IND_COLUMNS.INDEX_NAME = USER_INDEXES.INDEX_NAME "+
+		"AND  USER_IND_COLUMNS.TABLE_NAME = ? AND USER_IND_COLUMNS.INDEX_NAME = ?", strings.ToUpper(table), strings.ToUpper(name))
+
+	var cnt int
+	row.Scan(&cnt)
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+// execute insert sql with given struct and given values.
+// insert the given values, not the field values in struct.
+func (d *dbBaseOracle) InsertValue(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, isMulti bool, names []string, values []interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	Q := d.ins.TableQuote()
+
+	marks := make([]string, len(names))
+	for i := range marks {
+		marks[i] = ":" + names[i]
+	}
+
+	sep := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s", Q, Q)
+	qmarks := strings.Join(marks, ", ")
+	columns := strings.Join(names, sep)
+
+	multi := len(values) / len(names)
+
+	if isMulti {
+		qmarks = strings.Repeat(qmarks+"), (", multi-1) + qmarks
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO %s%s%s (%s%s%s) VALUES (%s)", Q, mi.table, Q, Q, columns, Q, qmarks)
+
+	d.ins.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	if isMulti || !d.ins.HasReturningID(mi, &query) {
+		res, err := q.Exec(query, values...)
+		if err == nil {
+			if isMulti {
+				return res.RowsAffected()
+			}
+			return res.LastInsertId()
+		}
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	row := q.QueryRow(query, values...)
+	var id int64
+	err := row.Scan(&id)
+	return id, err
+}

pkg/orm/db_postgres.go

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+// postgresql operators.
+var postgresOperators = map[string]string{
+	"exact":       "= ?",
+	"iexact":      "= UPPER(?)",
+	"contains":    "LIKE ?",
+	"icontains":   "LIKE UPPER(?)",
+	"gt":          "> ?",
+	"gte":         ">= ?",
+	"lt":          "< ?",
+	"lte":         "<= ?",
+	"eq":          "= ?",
+	"ne":          "!= ?",
+	"startswith":  "LIKE ?",
+	"endswith":    "LIKE ?",
+	"istartswith": "LIKE UPPER(?)",
+	"iendswith":   "LIKE UPPER(?)",
+}
+
+// postgresql column field types.
+var postgresTypes = map[string]string{
+	"auto":            "serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"bool":            "bool",
+	"string":          "varchar(%d)",
+	"string-char":     "char(%d)",
+	"string-text":     "text",
+	"time.Time-date":  "date",
+	"time.Time":       "timestamp with time zone",
+	"int8":            `smallint CHECK("%COL%" >= -127 AND "%COL%" <= 128)`,
+	"int16":           "smallint",
+	"int32":           "integer",
+	"int64":           "bigint",
+	"uint8":           `smallint CHECK("%COL%" >= 0 AND "%COL%" <= 255)`,
+	"uint16":          `integer CHECK("%COL%" >= 0)`,
+	"uint32":          `bigint CHECK("%COL%" >= 0)`,
+	"uint64":          `bigint CHECK("%COL%" >= 0)`,
+	"float64":         "double precision",
+	"float64-decimal": "numeric(%d, %d)",
+	"json":            "json",
+	"jsonb":           "jsonb",
+}
+
+// postgresql dbBaser.
+type dbBasePostgres struct {
+	dbBase
+}
+
+var _ dbBaser = new(dbBasePostgres)
+
+// get postgresql operator.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) OperatorSQL(operator string) string {
+	return postgresOperators[operator]
+}
+
+// generate functioned sql string, such as contains(text).
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi *fieldInfo, operator string, leftCol *string) {
+	switch operator {
+	case "contains", "startswith", "endswith":
+		*leftCol = fmt.Sprintf("%s::text", *leftCol)
+	case "iexact", "icontains", "istartswith", "iendswith":
+		*leftCol = fmt.Sprintf("UPPER(%s::text)", *leftCol)
+	}
+}
+
+// postgresql unsupports updating joined record.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) SupportUpdateJoin() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) MaxLimit() uint64 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+// postgresql quote is ".
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) TableQuote() string {
+	return `"`
+}
+
+// postgresql value placeholder is $n.
+// replace default ? to $n.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) ReplaceMarks(query *string) {
+	q := *query
+	num := 0
+	for _, c := range q {
+		if c == '?' {
+			num++
+		}
+	}
+	if num == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	data := make([]byte, 0, len(q)+num)
+	num = 1
+	for i := 0; i < len(q); i++ {
+		c := q[i]
+		if c == '?' {
+			data = append(data, '$')
+			data = append(data, []byte(strconv.Itoa(num))...)
+			num++
+		} else {
+			data = append(data, c)
+		}
+	}
+	*query = string(data)
+}
+
+// make returning sql support for postgresql.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) HasReturningID(mi *modelInfo, query *string) bool {
+	fi := mi.fields.pk
+	if fi.fieldType&IsPositiveIntegerField == 0 && fi.fieldType&IsIntegerField == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if query != nil {
+		*query = fmt.Sprintf(`%s RETURNING "%s"`, *query, fi.column)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// sync auto key
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) setval(db dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, autoFields []string) error {
+	if len(autoFields) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	Q := d.ins.TableQuote()
+	for _, name := range autoFields {
+		query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s', '%s'), (SELECT MAX(%s%s%s) FROM %s%s%s));",
+			mi.table, name,
+			Q, name, Q,
+			Q, mi.table, Q)
+		if _, err := db.Exec(query); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// show table sql for postgresql.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) ShowTablesQuery() string {
+	return "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'BASE TABLE' AND table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')"
+}
+
+// show table columns sql for postgresql.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns where table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema') and table_name = '%s'", table)
+}
+
+// get column types of postgresql.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) DbTypes() map[string]string {
+	return postgresTypes
+}
+
+// check index exist in postgresql.
+func (d *dbBasePostgres) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = '%s' AND indexname = '%s'", table, name)
+	row := db.QueryRow(query)
+	var cnt int
+	row.Scan(&cnt)
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+// create new postgresql dbBaser.
+func newdbBasePostgres() dbBaser {
+	b := new(dbBasePostgres)
+	b.ins = b
+	return b
+}

pkg/orm/db_sqlite.go

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// sqlite operators.
+var sqliteOperators = map[string]string{
+	"exact":       "= ?",
+	"iexact":      "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"contains":    "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"icontains":   "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"gt":          "> ?",
+	"gte":         ">= ?",
+	"lt":          "< ?",
+	"lte":         "<= ?",
+	"eq":          "= ?",
+	"ne":          "!= ?",
+	"startswith":  "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"endswith":    "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"istartswith": "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+	"iendswith":   "LIKE ? ESCAPE '\\'",
+}
+
+// sqlite column types.
+var sqliteTypes = map[string]string{
+	"auto":            "integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT",
+	"pk":              "NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+	"bool":            "bool",
+	"string":          "varchar(%d)",
+	"string-char":     "character(%d)",
+	"string-text":     "text",
+	"time.Time-date":  "date",
+	"time.Time":       "datetime",
+	"int8":            "tinyint",
+	"int16":           "smallint",
+	"int32":           "integer",
+	"int64":           "bigint",
+	"uint8":           "tinyint unsigned",
+	"uint16":          "smallint unsigned",
+	"uint32":          "integer unsigned",
+	"uint64":          "bigint unsigned",
+	"float64":         "real",
+	"float64-decimal": "decimal",
+}
+
+// sqlite dbBaser.
+type dbBaseSqlite struct {
+	dbBase
+}
+
+var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseSqlite)
+
+// override base db read for update behavior as SQlite does not support syntax
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) Read(q dbQuerier, mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, tz *time.Location, cols []string, isForUpdate bool) error {
+	if isForUpdate {
+		DebugLog.Println("[WARN] SQLite does not support SELECT FOR UPDATE query, isForUpdate param is ignored and always as false to do the work")
+	}
+	return d.dbBase.Read(q, mi, ind, tz, cols, false)
+}
+
+// get sqlite operator.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) OperatorSQL(operator string) string {
+	return sqliteOperators[operator]
+}
+
+// generate functioned sql for sqlite.
+// only support DATE(text).
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi *fieldInfo, operator string, leftCol *string) {
+	if fi.fieldType == TypeDateField {
+		*leftCol = fmt.Sprintf("DATE(%s)", *leftCol)
+	}
+}
+
+// unable updating joined record in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) SupportUpdateJoin() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// max int in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) MaxLimit() uint64 {
+	return 9223372036854775807
+}
+
+// get column types in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) DbTypes() map[string]string {
+	return sqliteTypes
+}
+
+// get show tables sql in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) ShowTablesQuery() string {
+	return "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'"
+}
+
+// get columns in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) GetColumns(db dbQuerier, table string) (map[string][3]string, error) {
+	query := d.ins.ShowColumnsQuery(table)
+	rows, err := db.Query(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	columns := make(map[string][3]string)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var tmp, name, typ, null sql.NullString
+		err := rows.Scan(&tmp, &name, &typ, &null, &tmp, &tmp)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		columns[name.String] = [3]string{name.String, typ.String, null.String}
+	}
+
+	return columns, nil
+}
+
+// get show columns sql in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("pragma table_info('%s')", table)
+}
+
+// check index exist in sqlite.
+func (d *dbBaseSqlite) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA index_list('%s')", table)
+	rows, err := db.Query(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var tmp, index sql.NullString
+		rows.Scan(&tmp, &index, &tmp, &tmp, &tmp)
+		if name == index.String {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// create new sqlite dbBaser.
+func newdbBaseSqlite() dbBaser {
+	b := new(dbBaseSqlite)
+	b.ins = b
+	return b
+}

pkg/orm/db_tables.go

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// table info struct.
+type dbTable struct {
+	id    int
+	index string
+	name  string
+	names []string
+	sel   bool
+	inner bool
+	mi    *modelInfo
+	fi    *fieldInfo
+	jtl   *dbTable
+}
+
+// tables collection struct, contains some tables.
+type dbTables struct {
+	tablesM map[string]*dbTable
+	tables  []*dbTable
+	mi      *modelInfo
+	base    dbBaser
+	skipEnd bool
+}
+
+// set table info to collection.
+// if not exist, create new.
+func (t *dbTables) set(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool) *dbTable {
+	name := strings.Join(names, ExprSep)
+	if j, ok := t.tablesM[name]; ok {
+		j.name = name
+		j.mi = mi
+		j.fi = fi
+		j.inner = inner
+	} else {
+		i := len(t.tables) + 1
+		jt := &dbTable{i, fmt.Sprintf("T%d", i), name, names, false, inner, mi, fi, nil}
+		t.tablesM[name] = jt
+		t.tables = append(t.tables, jt)
+	}
+	return t.tablesM[name]
+}
+
+// add table info to collection.
+func (t *dbTables) add(names []string, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, inner bool) (*dbTable, bool) {
+	name := strings.Join(names, ExprSep)
+	if _, ok := t.tablesM[name]; !ok {
+		i := len(t.tables) + 1
+		jt := &dbTable{i, fmt.Sprintf("T%d", i), name, names, false, inner, mi, fi, nil}
+		t.tablesM[name] = jt
+		t.tables = append(t.tables, jt)
+		return jt, true
+	}
+	return t.tablesM[name], false
+}
+
+// get table info in collection.
+func (t *dbTables) get(name string) (*dbTable, bool) {
+	j, ok := t.tablesM[name]
+	return j, ok
+}
+
+// get related fields info in recursive depth loop.
+// loop once, depth decreases one.
+func (t *dbTables) loopDepth(depth int, prefix string, fi *fieldInfo, related []string) []string {
+	if depth < 0 || fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany {
+		return related
+	}
+
+	if prefix == "" {
+		prefix = fi.name
+	} else {
+		prefix = prefix + ExprSep + fi.name
+	}
+	related = append(related, prefix)
+
+	depth--
+	for _, fi := range fi.relModelInfo.fields.fieldsRel {
+		related = t.loopDepth(depth, prefix, fi, related)
+	}
+
+	return related
+}
+
+// parse related fields.
+func (t *dbTables) parseRelated(rels []string, depth int) {
+
+	relsNum := len(rels)
+	related := make([]string, relsNum)
+	copy(related, rels)
+
+	relDepth := depth
+
+	if relsNum != 0 {
+		relDepth = 0
+	}
+
+	relDepth--
+	for _, fi := range t.mi.fields.fieldsRel {
+		related = t.loopDepth(relDepth, "", fi, related)
+	}
+
+	for i, s := range related {
+		var (
+			exs    = strings.Split(s, ExprSep)
+			names  = make([]string, 0, len(exs))
+			mmi    = t.mi
+			cancel = true
+			jtl    *dbTable
+		)
+
+		inner := true
+
+		for _, ex := range exs {
+			if fi, ok := mmi.fields.GetByAny(ex); ok && fi.rel && fi.fieldType != RelManyToMany {
+				names = append(names, fi.name)
+				mmi = fi.relModelInfo
+
+				if fi.null || t.skipEnd {
+					inner = false
+				}
+
+				jt := t.set(names, mmi, fi, inner)
+				jt.jtl = jtl
+
+				if fi.reverse {
+					cancel = false
+				}
+
+				if cancel {
+					jt.sel = depth > 0
+
+					if i < relsNum {
+						jt.sel = true
+					}
+				}
+
+				jtl = jt
+
+			} else {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown model/table name `%s`", ex))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// generate join string.
+func (t *dbTables) getJoinSQL() (join string) {
+	Q := t.base.TableQuote()
+
+	for _, jt := range t.tables {
+		if jt.inner {
+			join += "INNER JOIN "
+		} else {
+			join += "LEFT OUTER JOIN "
+		}
+		var (
+			table  string
+			t1, t2 string
+			c1, c2 string
+		)
+		t1 = "T0"
+		if jt.jtl != nil {
+			t1 = jt.jtl.index
+		}
+		t2 = jt.index
+		table = jt.mi.table
+
+		switch {
+		case jt.fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany || jt.fi.fieldType == RelReverseMany || jt.fi.reverse && jt.fi.reverseFieldInfo.fieldType == RelManyToMany:
+			c1 = jt.fi.mi.fields.pk.column
+			for _, ffi := range jt.mi.fields.fieldsRel {
+				if jt.fi.mi == ffi.relModelInfo {
+					c2 = ffi.column
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			c1 = jt.fi.column
+			c2 = jt.fi.relModelInfo.fields.pk.column
+
+			if jt.fi.reverse {
+				c1 = jt.mi.fields.pk.column
+				c2 = jt.fi.reverseFieldInfo.column
+			}
+		}
+
+		join += fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s %s ON %s.%s%s%s = %s.%s%s%s ", Q, table, Q, t2,
+			t2, Q, c2, Q, t1, Q, c1, Q)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// parse orm model struct field tag expression.
+func (t *dbTables) parseExprs(mi *modelInfo, exprs []string) (index, name string, info *fieldInfo, success bool) {
+	var (
+		jtl *dbTable
+		fi  *fieldInfo
+		fiN *fieldInfo
+		mmi = mi
+	)
+
+	num := len(exprs) - 1
+	var names []string
+
+	inner := true
+
+loopFor:
+	for i, ex := range exprs {
+
+		var ok, okN bool
+
+		if fiN != nil {
+			fi = fiN
+			ok = true
+			fiN = nil
+		}
+
+		if i == 0 {
+			fi, ok = mmi.fields.GetByAny(ex)
+		}
+
+		_ = okN
+
+		if ok {
+
+			isRel := fi.rel || fi.reverse
+
+			names = append(names, fi.name)
+
+			switch {
+			case fi.rel:
+				mmi = fi.relModelInfo
+				if fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany {
+					mmi = fi.relThroughModelInfo
+				}
+			case fi.reverse:
+				mmi = fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi
+			}
+
+			if i < num {
+				fiN, okN = mmi.fields.GetByAny(exprs[i+1])
+			}
+
+			if isRel && (!fi.mi.isThrough || num != i) {
+				if fi.null || t.skipEnd {
+					inner = false
+				}
+
+				if t.skipEnd && okN || !t.skipEnd {
+					if t.skipEnd && okN && fiN.pk {
+						goto loopEnd
+					}
+
+					jt, _ := t.add(names, mmi, fi, inner)
+					jt.jtl = jtl
+					jtl = jt
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			if num != i {
+				continue
+			}
+
+		loopEnd:
+
+			if i == 0 || jtl == nil {
+				index = "T0"
+			} else {
+				index = jtl.index
+			}
+
+			info = fi
+
+			if jtl == nil {
+				name = fi.name
+			} else {
+				name = jtl.name + ExprSep + fi.name
+			}
+
+			switch {
+			case fi.rel:
+
+			case fi.reverse:
+				switch fi.reverseFieldInfo.fieldType {
+				case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey:
+					index = jtl.index
+					info = fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi.fields.pk
+					name = info.name
+				}
+			}
+
+			break loopFor
+
+		} else {
+			index = ""
+			name = ""
+			info = nil
+			success = false
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	success = index != "" && info != nil
+	return
+}
+
+// generate condition sql.
+func (t *dbTables) getCondSQL(cond *Condition, sub bool, tz *time.Location) (where string, params []interface{}) {
+	if cond == nil || cond.IsEmpty() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	Q := t.base.TableQuote()
+
+	mi := t.mi
+
+	for i, p := range cond.params {
+		if i > 0 {
+			if p.isOr {
+				where += "OR "
+			} else {
+				where += "AND "
+			}
+		}
+		if p.isNot {
+			where += "NOT "
+		}
+		if p.isCond {
+			w, ps := t.getCondSQL(p.cond, true, tz)
+			if w != "" {
+				w = fmt.Sprintf("( %s) ", w)
+			}
+			where += w
+			params = append(params, ps...)
+		} else {
+			exprs := p.exprs
+
+			num := len(exprs) - 1
+			operator := ""
+			if operators[exprs[num]] {
+				operator = exprs[num]
+				exprs = exprs[:num]
+			}
+
+			index, _, fi, suc := t.parseExprs(mi, exprs)
+			if !suc {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown field/column name `%s`", strings.Join(p.exprs, ExprSep)))
+			}
+
+			if operator == "" {
+				operator = "exact"
+			}
+
+			var operSQL string
+			var args []interface{}
+			if p.isRaw {
+				operSQL = p.sql
+			} else {
+				operSQL, args = t.base.GenerateOperatorSQL(mi, fi, operator, p.args, tz)
+			}
+
+			leftCol := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s%s%s", index, Q, fi.column, Q)
+			t.base.GenerateOperatorLeftCol(fi, operator, &leftCol)
+
+			where += fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ", leftCol, operSQL)
+			params = append(params, args...)
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !sub && where != "" {
+		where = "WHERE " + where
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// generate group sql.
+func (t *dbTables) getGroupSQL(groups []string) (groupSQL string) {
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	Q := t.base.TableQuote()
+
+	groupSqls := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		exprs := strings.Split(group, ExprSep)
+
+		index, _, fi, suc := t.parseExprs(t.mi, exprs)
+		if !suc {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown field/column name `%s`", strings.Join(exprs, ExprSep)))
+		}
+
+		groupSqls = append(groupSqls, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s%s%s", index, Q, fi.column, Q))
+	}
+
+	groupSQL = fmt.Sprintf("GROUP BY %s ", strings.Join(groupSqls, ", "))
+	return
+}
+
+// generate order sql.
+func (t *dbTables) getOrderSQL(orders []string) (orderSQL string) {
+	if len(orders) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	Q := t.base.TableQuote()
+
+	orderSqls := make([]string, 0, len(orders))
+	for _, order := range orders {
+		asc := "ASC"
+		if order[0] == '-' {
+			asc = "DESC"
+			order = order[1:]
+		}
+		exprs := strings.Split(order, ExprSep)
+
+		index, _, fi, suc := t.parseExprs(t.mi, exprs)
+		if !suc {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown field/column name `%s`", strings.Join(exprs, ExprSep)))
+		}
+
+		orderSqls = append(orderSqls, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s%s%s %s", index, Q, fi.column, Q, asc))
+	}
+
+	orderSQL = fmt.Sprintf("ORDER BY %s ", strings.Join(orderSqls, ", "))
+	return
+}
+
+// generate limit sql.
+func (t *dbTables) getLimitSQL(mi *modelInfo, offset int64, limit int64) (limits string) {
+	if limit == 0 {
+		limit = int64(DefaultRowsLimit)
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		// no limit
+		if offset > 0 {
+			maxLimit := t.base.MaxLimit()
+			if maxLimit == 0 {
+				limits = fmt.Sprintf("OFFSET %d", offset)
+			} else {
+				limits = fmt.Sprintf("LIMIT %d OFFSET %d", maxLimit, offset)
+			}
+		}
+	} else if offset <= 0 {
+		limits = fmt.Sprintf("LIMIT %d", limit)
+	} else {
+		limits = fmt.Sprintf("LIMIT %d OFFSET %d", limit, offset)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// crete new tables collection.
+func newDbTables(mi *modelInfo, base dbBaser) *dbTables {
+	tables := &dbTables{}
+	tables.tablesM = make(map[string]*dbTable)
+	tables.mi = mi
+	tables.base = base
+	return tables
+}

pkg/orm/db_tidb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2015 TiDB Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// mysql dbBaser implementation.
+type dbBaseTidb struct {
+	dbBase
+}
+
+var _ dbBaser = new(dbBaseTidb)
+
+// get mysql operator.
+func (d *dbBaseTidb) OperatorSQL(operator string) string {
+	return mysqlOperators[operator]
+}
+
+// get mysql table field types.
+func (d *dbBaseTidb) DbTypes() map[string]string {
+	return mysqlTypes
+}
+
+// show table sql for mysql.
+func (d *dbBaseTidb) ShowTablesQuery() string {
+	return "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'BASE TABLE' AND table_schema = DATABASE()"
+}
+
+// show columns sql of table for mysql.
+func (d *dbBaseTidb) ShowColumnsQuery(table string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SELECT COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE FROM information_schema.columns "+
+		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = '%s'", table)
+}
+
+// execute sql to check index exist.
+func (d *dbBaseTidb) IndexExists(db dbQuerier, table string, name string) bool {
+	row := db.QueryRow("SELECT count(*) FROM information_schema.statistics "+
+		"WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() AND table_name = ? AND index_name = ?", table, name)
+	var cnt int
+	row.Scan(&cnt)
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+// create new mysql dbBaser.
+func newdbBaseTidb() dbBaser {
+	b := new(dbBaseTidb)
+	b.ins = b
+	return b
+}

pkg/orm/db_utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// get table alias.
+func getDbAlias(name string) *alias {
+	if al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(name); ok {
+		return al
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown DataBase alias name %s", name))
+}
+
+// get pk column info.
+func getExistPk(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) (column string, value interface{}, exist bool) {
+	fi := mi.fields.pk
+
+	v := ind.FieldByIndex(fi.fieldIndex)
+	if fi.fieldType&IsPositiveIntegerField > 0 {
+		vu := v.Uint()
+		exist = vu > 0
+		value = vu
+	} else if fi.fieldType&IsIntegerField > 0 {
+		vu := v.Int()
+		exist = true
+		value = vu
+	} else if fi.fieldType&IsRelField > 0 {
+		_, value, exist = getExistPk(fi.relModelInfo, reflect.Indirect(v))
+	} else {
+		vu := v.String()
+		exist = vu != ""
+		value = vu
+	}
+
+	column = fi.column
+	return
+}
+
+// get fields description as flatted string.
+func getFlatParams(fi *fieldInfo, args []interface{}, tz *time.Location) (params []interface{}) {
+
+outFor:
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		val := reflect.ValueOf(arg)
+
+		if arg == nil {
+			params = append(params, arg)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		kind := val.Kind()
+		if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+			val = val.Elem()
+			kind = val.Kind()
+			arg = val.Interface()
+		}
+
+		switch kind {
+		case reflect.String:
+			v := val.String()
+			if fi != nil {
+				if fi.fieldType == TypeTimeField || fi.fieldType == TypeDateField || fi.fieldType == TypeDateTimeField {
+					var t time.Time
+					var err error
+					if len(v) >= 19 {
+						s := v[:19]
+						t, err = time.ParseInLocation(formatDateTime, s, DefaultTimeLoc)
+					} else if len(v) >= 10 {
+						s := v
+						if len(v) > 10 {
+							s = v[:10]
+						}
+						t, err = time.ParseInLocation(formatDate, s, tz)
+					} else {
+						s := v
+						if len(s) > 8 {
+							s = v[:8]
+						}
+						t, err = time.ParseInLocation(formatTime, s, tz)
+					}
+					if err == nil {
+						if fi.fieldType == TypeDateField {
+							v = t.In(tz).Format(formatDate)
+						} else if fi.fieldType == TypeDateTimeField {
+							v = t.In(tz).Format(formatDateTime)
+						} else {
+							v = t.In(tz).Format(formatTime)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			arg = v
+		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+			arg = val.Int()
+		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+			arg = val.Uint()
+		case reflect.Float32:
+			arg, _ = StrTo(ToStr(arg)).Float64()
+		case reflect.Float64:
+			arg = val.Float()
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			arg = val.Bool()
+		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+			if _, ok := arg.([]byte); ok {
+				continue outFor
+			}
+
+			var args []interface{}
+			for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
+				v := val.Index(i)
+
+				var vu interface{}
+				if v.CanInterface() {
+					vu = v.Interface()
+				}
+
+				if vu == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				args = append(args, vu)
+			}
+
+			if len(args) > 0 {
+				p := getFlatParams(fi, args, tz)
+				params = append(params, p...)
+			}
+			continue outFor
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			if v, ok := arg.(time.Time); ok {
+				if fi != nil && fi.fieldType == TypeDateField {
+					arg = v.In(tz).Format(formatDate)
+				} else if fi != nil && fi.fieldType == TypeDateTimeField {
+					arg = v.In(tz).Format(formatDateTime)
+				} else if fi != nil && fi.fieldType == TypeTimeField {
+					arg = v.In(tz).Format(formatTime)
+				} else {
+					arg = v.In(tz).Format(formatDateTime)
+				}
+			} else {
+				typ := val.Type()
+				name := getFullName(typ)
+				var value interface{}
+				if mmi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(name); ok {
+					if _, vu, exist := getExistPk(mmi, val); exist {
+						value = vu
+					}
+				}
+				arg = value
+
+				if arg == nil {
+					panic(fmt.Errorf("need a valid args value, unknown table or value `%s`", name))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		params = append(params, arg)
+	}
+	return
+}

pkg/orm/models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+const (
+	odCascade             = "cascade"
+	odSetNULL             = "set_null"
+	odSetDefault          = "set_default"
+	odDoNothing           = "do_nothing"
+	defaultStructTagName  = "orm"
+	defaultStructTagDelim = ";"
+)
+
+var (
+	modelCache = &_modelCache{
+		cache:           make(map[string]*modelInfo),
+		cacheByFullName: make(map[string]*modelInfo),
+	}
+)
+
+// model info collection
+type _modelCache struct {
+	sync.RWMutex    // only used outsite for bootStrap
+	orders          []string
+	cache           map[string]*modelInfo
+	cacheByFullName map[string]*modelInfo
+	done            bool
+}
+
+// get all model info
+func (mc *_modelCache) all() map[string]*modelInfo {
+	m := make(map[string]*modelInfo, len(mc.cache))
+	for k, v := range mc.cache {
+		m[k] = v
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// get ordered model info
+func (mc *_modelCache) allOrdered() []*modelInfo {
+	m := make([]*modelInfo, 0, len(mc.orders))
+	for _, table := range mc.orders {
+		m = append(m, mc.cache[table])
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// get model info by table name
+func (mc *_modelCache) get(table string) (mi *modelInfo, ok bool) {
+	mi, ok = mc.cache[table]
+	return
+}
+
+// get model info by full name
+func (mc *_modelCache) getByFullName(name string) (mi *modelInfo, ok bool) {
+	mi, ok = mc.cacheByFullName[name]
+	return
+}
+
+// set model info to collection
+func (mc *_modelCache) set(table string, mi *modelInfo) *modelInfo {
+	mii := mc.cache[table]
+	mc.cache[table] = mi
+	mc.cacheByFullName[mi.fullName] = mi
+	if mii == nil {
+		mc.orders = append(mc.orders, table)
+	}
+	return mii
+}
+
+// clean all model info.
+func (mc *_modelCache) clean() {
+	mc.orders = make([]string, 0)
+	mc.cache = make(map[string]*modelInfo)
+	mc.cacheByFullName = make(map[string]*modelInfo)
+	mc.done = false
+}
+
+// ResetModelCache Clean model cache. Then you can re-RegisterModel.
+// Common use this api for test case.
+func ResetModelCache() {
+	modelCache.clean()
+}

pkg/orm/models_boot.go

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// register models.
+// PrefixOrSuffix means table name prefix or suffix.
+// isPrefix whether the prefix is prefix or suffix
+func registerModel(PrefixOrSuffix string, model interface{}, isPrefix bool) {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(model)
+	typ := reflect.Indirect(val).Type()
+
+	if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<orm.RegisterModel> cannot use non-ptr model struct `%s`", getFullName(typ)))
+	}
+	// For this case:
+	// u := &User{}
+	// registerModel(&u)
+	if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<orm.RegisterModel> only allow ptr model struct, it looks you use two reference to the struct `%s`", typ))
+	}
+
+	table := getTableName(val)
+
+	if PrefixOrSuffix != "" {
+		if isPrefix {
+			table = PrefixOrSuffix + table
+		} else {
+			table = table + PrefixOrSuffix
+		}
+	}
+	// models's fullname is pkgpath + struct name
+	name := getFullName(typ)
+	if _, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(name); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("<orm.RegisterModel> model `%s` repeat register, must be unique\n", name)
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := modelCache.get(table); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("<orm.RegisterModel> table name `%s` repeat register, must be unique\n", table)
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+
+	mi := newModelInfo(val)
+	if mi.fields.pk == nil {
+	outFor:
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsDB {
+			if strings.ToLower(fi.name) == "id" {
+				switch fi.addrValue.Elem().Kind() {
+				case reflect.Int, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+					fi.auto = true
+					fi.pk = true
+					mi.fields.pk = fi
+					break outFor
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if mi.fields.pk == nil {
+			fmt.Printf("<orm.RegisterModel> `%s` needs a primary key field, default is to use 'id' if not set\n", name)
+			os.Exit(2)
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	mi.table = table
+	mi.pkg = typ.PkgPath()
+	mi.model = model
+	mi.manual = true
+
+	modelCache.set(table, mi)
+}
+
+// bootstrap models
+func bootStrap() {
+	if modelCache.done {
+		return
+	}
+	var (
+		err    error
+		models map[string]*modelInfo
+	)
+	if dataBaseCache.getDefault() == nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("must have one register DataBase alias named `default`")
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	// set rel and reverse model
+	// RelManyToMany set the relTable
+	models = modelCache.all()
+	for _, mi := range models {
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.columns {
+			if fi.rel || fi.reverse {
+				elm := fi.addrValue.Type().Elem()
+				if fi.fieldType == RelReverseMany || fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany {
+					elm = elm.Elem()
+				}
+				// check the rel or reverse model already register
+				name := getFullName(elm)
+				mii, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(name)
+				if !ok || mii.pkg != elm.PkgPath() {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("can not find rel in field `%s`, `%s` may be miss register", fi.fullName, elm.String())
+					goto end
+				}
+				fi.relModelInfo = mii
+
+				switch fi.fieldType {
+				case RelManyToMany:
+					if fi.relThrough != "" {
+						if i := strings.LastIndex(fi.relThrough, "."); i != -1 && len(fi.relThrough) > (i+1) {
+							pn := fi.relThrough[:i]
+							rmi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(fi.relThrough)
+							if !ok || pn != rmi.pkg {
+								err = fmt.Errorf("field `%s` wrong rel_through value `%s` cannot find table", fi.fullName, fi.relThrough)
+								goto end
+							}
+							fi.relThroughModelInfo = rmi
+							fi.relTable = rmi.table
+						} else {
+							err = fmt.Errorf("field `%s` wrong rel_through value `%s`", fi.fullName, fi.relThrough)
+							goto end
+						}
+					} else {
+						i := newM2MModelInfo(mi, mii)
+						if fi.relTable != "" {
+							i.table = fi.relTable
+						}
+						if v := modelCache.set(i.table, i); v != nil {
+							err = fmt.Errorf("the rel table name `%s` already registered, cannot be use, please change one", fi.relTable)
+							goto end
+						}
+						fi.relTable = i.table
+						fi.relThroughModelInfo = i
+					}
+
+					fi.relThroughModelInfo.isThrough = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// check the rel filed while the relModelInfo also has filed point to current model
+	// if not exist, add a new field to the relModelInfo
+	models = modelCache.all()
+	for _, mi := range models {
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsRel {
+			switch fi.fieldType {
+			case RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne, RelManyToMany:
+				inModel := false
+				for _, ffi := range fi.relModelInfo.fields.fieldsReverse {
+					if ffi.relModelInfo == mi {
+						inModel = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if !inModel {
+					rmi := fi.relModelInfo
+					ffi := new(fieldInfo)
+					ffi.name = mi.name
+					ffi.column = ffi.name
+					ffi.fullName = rmi.fullName + "." + ffi.name
+					ffi.reverse = true
+					ffi.relModelInfo = mi
+					ffi.mi = rmi
+					if fi.fieldType == RelOneToOne {
+						ffi.fieldType = RelReverseOne
+					} else {
+						ffi.fieldType = RelReverseMany
+					}
+					if !rmi.fields.Add(ffi) {
+						added := false
+						for cnt := 0; cnt < 5; cnt++ {
+							ffi.name = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", mi.name, cnt)
+							ffi.column = ffi.name
+							ffi.fullName = rmi.fullName + "." + ffi.name
+							if added = rmi.fields.Add(ffi); added {
+								break
+							}
+						}
+						if !added {
+							panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot generate auto reverse field info `%s` to `%s`", fi.fullName, ffi.fullName))
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	models = modelCache.all()
+	for _, mi := range models {
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsRel {
+			switch fi.fieldType {
+			case RelManyToMany:
+				for _, ffi := range fi.relThroughModelInfo.fields.fieldsRel {
+					switch ffi.fieldType {
+					case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey:
+						if ffi.relModelInfo == fi.relModelInfo {
+							fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo = ffi
+						}
+						if ffi.relModelInfo == mi {
+							fi.reverseField = ffi.name
+							fi.reverseFieldInfo = ffi
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo == nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("can not find m2m field for m2m model `%s`, ensure your m2m model defined correct",
+						fi.relThroughModelInfo.fullName)
+					goto end
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	models = modelCache.all()
+	for _, mi := range models {
+		for _, fi := range mi.fields.fieldsReverse {
+			switch fi.fieldType {
+			case RelReverseOne:
+				found := false
+			mForA:
+				for _, ffi := range fi.relModelInfo.fields.fieldsByType[RelOneToOne] {
+					if ffi.relModelInfo == mi {
+						found = true
+						fi.reverseField = ffi.name
+						fi.reverseFieldInfo = ffi
+
+						ffi.reverseField = fi.name
+						ffi.reverseFieldInfo = fi
+						break mForA
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("reverse field `%s` not found in model `%s`", fi.fullName, fi.relModelInfo.fullName)
+					goto end
+				}
+			case RelReverseMany:
+				found := false
+			mForB:
+				for _, ffi := range fi.relModelInfo.fields.fieldsByType[RelForeignKey] {
+					if ffi.relModelInfo == mi {
+						found = true
+						fi.reverseField = ffi.name
+						fi.reverseFieldInfo = ffi
+
+						ffi.reverseField = fi.name
+						ffi.reverseFieldInfo = fi
+
+						break mForB
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+				mForC:
+					for _, ffi := range fi.relModelInfo.fields.fieldsByType[RelManyToMany] {
+						conditions := fi.relThrough != "" && fi.relThrough == ffi.relThrough ||
+							fi.relTable != "" && fi.relTable == ffi.relTable ||
+							fi.relThrough == "" && fi.relTable == ""
+						if ffi.relModelInfo == mi && conditions {
+							found = true
+
+							fi.reverseField = ffi.reverseFieldInfoTwo.name
+							fi.reverseFieldInfo = ffi.reverseFieldInfoTwo
+							fi.relThroughModelInfo = ffi.relThroughModelInfo
+							fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo = ffi.reverseFieldInfo
+							fi.reverseFieldInfoM2M = ffi
+							ffi.reverseFieldInfoM2M = fi
+
+							break mForC
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("reverse field for `%s` not found in model `%s`", fi.fullName, fi.relModelInfo.fullName)
+					goto end
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+end:
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		debug.PrintStack()
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterModel register models
+func RegisterModel(models ...interface{}) {
+	if modelCache.done {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("RegisterModel must be run before BootStrap"))
+	}
+	RegisterModelWithPrefix("", models...)
+}
+
+// RegisterModelWithPrefix register models with a prefix
+func RegisterModelWithPrefix(prefix string, models ...interface{}) {
+	if modelCache.done {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("RegisterModelWithPrefix must be run before BootStrap"))
+	}
+
+	for _, model := range models {
+		registerModel(prefix, model, true)
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterModelWithSuffix register models with a suffix
+func RegisterModelWithSuffix(suffix string, models ...interface{}) {
+	if modelCache.done {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("RegisterModelWithSuffix must be run before BootStrap"))
+	}
+
+	for _, model := range models {
+		registerModel(suffix, model, false)
+	}
+}
+
+// BootStrap bootstrap models.
+// make all model parsed and can not add more models
+func BootStrap() {
+	modelCache.Lock()
+	defer modelCache.Unlock()
+	if modelCache.done {
+		return
+	}
+	bootStrap()
+	modelCache.done = true
+}

pkg/orm/models_fields.go

@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Define the Type enum
+const (
+	TypeBooleanField = 1 << iota
+	TypeVarCharField
+	TypeCharField
+	TypeTextField
+	TypeTimeField
+	TypeDateField
+	TypeDateTimeField
+	TypeBitField
+	TypeSmallIntegerField
+	TypeIntegerField
+	TypeBigIntegerField
+	TypePositiveBitField
+	TypePositiveSmallIntegerField
+	TypePositiveIntegerField
+	TypePositiveBigIntegerField
+	TypeFloatField
+	TypeDecimalField
+	TypeJSONField
+	TypeJsonbField
+	RelForeignKey
+	RelOneToOne
+	RelManyToMany
+	RelReverseOne
+	RelReverseMany
+)
+
+// Define some logic enum
+const (
+	IsIntegerField         = ^-TypePositiveBigIntegerField >> 6 << 7
+	IsPositiveIntegerField = ^-TypePositiveBigIntegerField >> 10 << 11
+	IsRelField             = ^-RelReverseMany >> 18 << 19
+	IsFieldType            = ^-RelReverseMany<<1 + 1
+)
+
+// BooleanField A true/false field.
+type BooleanField bool
+
+// Value return the BooleanField
+func (e BooleanField) Value() bool {
+	return bool(e)
+}
+
+// Set will set the BooleanField
+func (e *BooleanField) Set(d bool) {
+	*e = BooleanField(d)
+}
+
+// String format the Bool to string
+func (e *BooleanField) String() string {
+	return strconv.FormatBool(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return BooleanField the type
+func (e *BooleanField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeBooleanField
+}
+
+// SetRaw set the interface to bool
+func (e *BooleanField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Bool()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<BooleanField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return the current value
+func (e *BooleanField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify the BooleanField implement the Fielder interface
+var _ Fielder = new(BooleanField)
+
+// CharField A string field
+// required values tag: size
+// The size is enforced at the database level and in models’s validation.
+// eg: `orm:"size(120)"`
+type CharField string
+
+// Value return the CharField's Value
+func (e CharField) Value() string {
+	return string(e)
+}
+
+// Set CharField value
+func (e *CharField) Set(d string) {
+	*e = CharField(d)
+}
+
+// String return the CharField
+func (e *CharField) String() string {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// FieldType return the enum type
+func (e *CharField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeVarCharField
+}
+
+// SetRaw set the interface to string
+func (e *CharField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		e.Set(d)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<CharField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return the CharField value
+func (e *CharField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify CharField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(CharField)
+
+// TimeField A time, represented in go by a time.Time instance.
+// only time values like 10:00:00
+// Has a few extra, optional attr tag:
+//
+// auto_now:
+// Automatically set the field to now every time the object is saved. Useful for “last-modified” timestamps.
+// Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override.
+//
+// auto_now_add:
+// Automatically set the field to now when the object is first created. Useful for creation of timestamps.
+// Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override.
+//
+// eg: `orm:"auto_now"` or `orm:"auto_now_add"`
+type TimeField time.Time
+
+// Value return the time.Time
+func (e TimeField) Value() time.Time {
+	return time.Time(e)
+}
+
+// Set set the TimeField's value
+func (e *TimeField) Set(d time.Time) {
+	*e = TimeField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert time to string
+func (e *TimeField) String() string {
+	return e.Value().String()
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type Date
+func (e *TimeField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeDateField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert the interface to time.Time. Allow string and time.Time
+func (e *TimeField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := timeParse(d, formatTime)
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<TimeField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return time value
+func (e *TimeField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+var _ Fielder = new(TimeField)
+
+// DateField A date, represented in go by a time.Time instance.
+// only date values like 2006-01-02
+// Has a few extra, optional attr tag:
+//
+// auto_now:
+// Automatically set the field to now every time the object is saved. Useful for “last-modified” timestamps.
+// Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override.
+//
+// auto_now_add:
+// Automatically set the field to now when the object is first created. Useful for creation of timestamps.
+// Note that the current date is always used; it’s not just a default value that you can override.
+//
+// eg: `orm:"auto_now"` or `orm:"auto_now_add"`
+type DateField time.Time
+
+// Value return the time.Time
+func (e DateField) Value() time.Time {
+	return time.Time(e)
+}
+
+// Set set the DateField's value
+func (e *DateField) Set(d time.Time) {
+	*e = DateField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert datetime to string
+func (e *DateField) String() string {
+	return e.Value().String()
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type Date
+func (e *DateField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeDateField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert the interface to time.Time. Allow string and time.Time
+func (e *DateField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := timeParse(d, formatDate)
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<DateField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return Date value
+func (e *DateField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify DateField implement fielder interface
+var _ Fielder = new(DateField)
+
+// DateTimeField A date, represented in go by a time.Time instance.
+// datetime values like 2006-01-02 15:04:05
+// Takes the same extra arguments as DateField.
+type DateTimeField time.Time
+
+// Value return the datetime value
+func (e DateTimeField) Value() time.Time {
+	return time.Time(e)
+}
+
+// Set set the time.Time to datetime
+func (e *DateTimeField) Set(d time.Time) {
+	*e = DateTimeField(d)
+}
+
+// String return the time's String
+func (e *DateTimeField) String() string {
+	return e.Value().String()
+}
+
+// FieldType return the enum TypeDateTimeField
+func (e *DateTimeField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeDateTimeField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert the string or time.Time to DateTimeField
+func (e *DateTimeField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := timeParse(d, formatDateTime)
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<DateTimeField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return the datetime value
+func (e *DateTimeField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify datetime implement fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(DateTimeField)
+
+// FloatField A floating-point number represented in go by a float32 value.
+type FloatField float64
+
+// Value return the FloatField value
+func (e FloatField) Value() float64 {
+	return float64(e)
+}
+
+// Set the Float64
+func (e *FloatField) Set(d float64) {
+	*e = FloatField(d)
+}
+
+// String return the string
+func (e *FloatField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value(), -1, 32)
+}
+
+// FieldType return the enum type
+func (e *FloatField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeFloatField
+}
+
+// SetRaw converter interface Float64 float32 or string to FloatField
+func (e *FloatField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case float32:
+		e.Set(float64(d))
+	case float64:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Float64()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<FloatField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return the FloatField value
+func (e *FloatField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify FloatField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(FloatField)
+
+// SmallIntegerField -32768 to 32767
+type SmallIntegerField int16
+
+// Value return int16 value
+func (e SmallIntegerField) Value() int16 {
+	return int16(e)
+}
+
+// Set the SmallIntegerField value
+func (e *SmallIntegerField) Set(d int16) {
+	*e = SmallIntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert smallint to string
+func (e *SmallIntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type SmallIntegerField
+func (e *SmallIntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeSmallIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface int16/string to int16
+func (e *SmallIntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case int16:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Int16()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<SmallIntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return smallint value
+func (e *SmallIntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify SmallIntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(SmallIntegerField)
+
+// IntegerField -2147483648 to 2147483647
+type IntegerField int32
+
+// Value return the int32
+func (e IntegerField) Value() int32 {
+	return int32(e)
+}
+
+// Set IntegerField value
+func (e *IntegerField) Set(d int32) {
+	*e = IntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert Int32 to string
+func (e *IntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return the enum type
+func (e *IntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface int32/string to int32
+func (e *IntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case int32:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Int32()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<IntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return IntegerField value
+func (e *IntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify IntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(IntegerField)
+
+// BigIntegerField -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.
+type BigIntegerField int64
+
+// Value return int64
+func (e BigIntegerField) Value() int64 {
+	return int64(e)
+}
+
+// Set the BigIntegerField value
+func (e *BigIntegerField) Set(d int64) {
+	*e = BigIntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert BigIntegerField to string
+func (e *BigIntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (e *BigIntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeBigIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface int64/string to int64
+func (e *BigIntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case int64:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Int64()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<BigIntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return BigIntegerField value
+func (e *BigIntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify BigIntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(BigIntegerField)
+
+// PositiveSmallIntegerField 0 to 65535
+type PositiveSmallIntegerField uint16
+
+// Value return uint16
+func (e PositiveSmallIntegerField) Value() uint16 {
+	return uint16(e)
+}
+
+// Set PositiveSmallIntegerField value
+func (e *PositiveSmallIntegerField) Set(d uint16) {
+	*e = PositiveSmallIntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert uint16 to string
+func (e *PositiveSmallIntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (e *PositiveSmallIntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypePositiveSmallIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert Interface uint16/string to uint16
+func (e *PositiveSmallIntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case uint16:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Uint16()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<PositiveSmallIntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue returns PositiveSmallIntegerField value
+func (e *PositiveSmallIntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify PositiveSmallIntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(PositiveSmallIntegerField)
+
+// PositiveIntegerField 0 to 4294967295
+type PositiveIntegerField uint32
+
+// Value return PositiveIntegerField value. Uint32
+func (e PositiveIntegerField) Value() uint32 {
+	return uint32(e)
+}
+
+// Set the PositiveIntegerField value
+func (e *PositiveIntegerField) Set(d uint32) {
+	*e = PositiveIntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert PositiveIntegerField to string
+func (e *PositiveIntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (e *PositiveIntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypePositiveIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface uint32/string to Uint32
+func (e *PositiveIntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case uint32:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Uint32()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<PositiveIntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return the PositiveIntegerField Value
+func (e *PositiveIntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify PositiveIntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(PositiveIntegerField)
+
+// PositiveBigIntegerField 0 to 18446744073709551615
+type PositiveBigIntegerField uint64
+
+// Value return uint64
+func (e PositiveBigIntegerField) Value() uint64 {
+	return uint64(e)
+}
+
+// Set PositiveBigIntegerField value
+func (e *PositiveBigIntegerField) Set(d uint64) {
+	*e = PositiveBigIntegerField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert PositiveBigIntegerField to string
+func (e *PositiveBigIntegerField) String() string {
+	return ToStr(e.Value())
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (e *PositiveBigIntegerField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypePositiveIntegerField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface uint64/string to Uint64
+func (e *PositiveBigIntegerField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case uint64:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		v, err := StrTo(d).Uint64()
+		if err == nil {
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+		return err
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<PositiveBigIntegerField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return PositiveBigIntegerField value
+func (e *PositiveBigIntegerField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify PositiveBigIntegerField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(PositiveBigIntegerField)
+
+// TextField A large text field.
+type TextField string
+
+// Value return TextField value
+func (e TextField) Value() string {
+	return string(e)
+}
+
+// Set the TextField value
+func (e *TextField) Set(d string) {
+	*e = TextField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert TextField to string
+func (e *TextField) String() string {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (e *TextField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeTextField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface string to string
+func (e *TextField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		e.Set(d)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<TextField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return TextField value
+func (e *TextField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.Value()
+}
+
+// verify TextField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(TextField)
+
+// JSONField postgres json field.
+type JSONField string
+
+// Value return JSONField value
+func (j JSONField) Value() string {
+	return string(j)
+}
+
+// Set the JSONField value
+func (j *JSONField) Set(d string) {
+	*j = JSONField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert JSONField to string
+func (j *JSONField) String() string {
+	return j.Value()
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (j *JSONField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeJSONField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface string to string
+func (j *JSONField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		j.Set(d)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<JSONField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return JSONField value
+func (j *JSONField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return j.Value()
+}
+
+// verify JSONField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(JSONField)
+
+// JsonbField postgres json field.
+type JsonbField string
+
+// Value return JsonbField value
+func (j JsonbField) Value() string {
+	return string(j)
+}
+
+// Set the JsonbField value
+func (j *JsonbField) Set(d string) {
+	*j = JsonbField(d)
+}
+
+// String convert JsonbField to string
+func (j *JsonbField) String() string {
+	return j.Value()
+}
+
+// FieldType return enum type
+func (j *JsonbField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeJsonbField
+}
+
+// SetRaw convert interface string to string
+func (j *JsonbField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		j.Set(d)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<JsonbField.SetRaw> unknown value `%s`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RawValue return JsonbField value
+func (j *JsonbField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return j.Value()
+}
+
+// verify JsonbField implement Fielder
+var _ Fielder = new(JsonbField)

pkg/orm/models_info_f.go

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var errSkipField = errors.New("skip field")
+
+// field info collection
+type fields struct {
+	pk            *fieldInfo
+	columns       map[string]*fieldInfo
+	fields        map[string]*fieldInfo
+	fieldsLow     map[string]*fieldInfo
+	fieldsByType  map[int][]*fieldInfo
+	fieldsRel     []*fieldInfo
+	fieldsReverse []*fieldInfo
+	fieldsDB      []*fieldInfo
+	rels          []*fieldInfo
+	orders        []string
+	dbcols        []string
+}
+
+// add field info
+func (f *fields) Add(fi *fieldInfo) (added bool) {
+	if f.fields[fi.name] == nil && f.columns[fi.column] == nil {
+		f.columns[fi.column] = fi
+		f.fields[fi.name] = fi
+		f.fieldsLow[strings.ToLower(fi.name)] = fi
+	} else {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, ok := f.fieldsByType[fi.fieldType]; !ok {
+		f.fieldsByType[fi.fieldType] = make([]*fieldInfo, 0)
+	}
+	f.fieldsByType[fi.fieldType] = append(f.fieldsByType[fi.fieldType], fi)
+	f.orders = append(f.orders, fi.column)
+	if fi.dbcol {
+		f.dbcols = append(f.dbcols, fi.column)
+		f.fieldsDB = append(f.fieldsDB, fi)
+	}
+	if fi.rel {
+		f.fieldsRel = append(f.fieldsRel, fi)
+	}
+	if fi.reverse {
+		f.fieldsReverse = append(f.fieldsReverse, fi)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// get field info by name
+func (f *fields) GetByName(name string) *fieldInfo {
+	return f.fields[name]
+}
+
+// get field info by column name
+func (f *fields) GetByColumn(column string) *fieldInfo {
+	return f.columns[column]
+}
+
+// get field info by string, name is prior
+func (f *fields) GetByAny(name string) (*fieldInfo, bool) {
+	if fi, ok := f.fields[name]; ok {
+		return fi, ok
+	}
+	if fi, ok := f.fieldsLow[strings.ToLower(name)]; ok {
+		return fi, ok
+	}
+	if fi, ok := f.columns[name]; ok {
+		return fi, ok
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// create new field info collection
+func newFields() *fields {
+	f := new(fields)
+	f.fields = make(map[string]*fieldInfo)
+	f.fieldsLow = make(map[string]*fieldInfo)
+	f.columns = make(map[string]*fieldInfo)
+	f.fieldsByType = make(map[int][]*fieldInfo)
+	return f
+}
+
+// single field info
+type fieldInfo struct {
+	mi                  *modelInfo
+	fieldIndex          []int
+	fieldType           int
+	dbcol               bool // table column fk and onetoone
+	inModel             bool
+	name                string
+	fullName            string
+	column              string
+	addrValue           reflect.Value
+	sf                  reflect.StructField
+	auto                bool
+	pk                  bool
+	null                bool
+	index               bool
+	unique              bool
+	colDefault          bool  // whether has default tag
+	initial             StrTo // store the default value
+	size                int
+	toText              bool
+	autoNow             bool
+	autoNowAdd          bool
+	rel                 bool // if type equal to RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne, RelManyToMany then true
+	reverse             bool
+	reverseField        string
+	reverseFieldInfo    *fieldInfo
+	reverseFieldInfoTwo *fieldInfo
+	reverseFieldInfoM2M *fieldInfo
+	relTable            string
+	relThrough          string
+	relThroughModelInfo *modelInfo
+	relModelInfo        *modelInfo
+	digits              int
+	decimals            int
+	isFielder           bool // implement Fielder interface
+	onDelete            string
+	description         string
+}
+
+// new field info
+func newFieldInfo(mi *modelInfo, field reflect.Value, sf reflect.StructField, mName string) (fi *fieldInfo, err error) {
+	var (
+		tag       string
+		tagValue  string
+		initial   StrTo // store the default value
+		fieldType int
+		attrs     map[string]bool
+		tags      map[string]string
+		addrField reflect.Value
+	)
+
+	fi = new(fieldInfo)
+
+	// if field which CanAddr is the follow type
+	//  A value is addressable if it is an element of a slice,
+	//  an element of an addressable array, a field of an
+	//  addressable struct, or the result of dereferencing a pointer.
+	addrField = field
+	if field.CanAddr() && field.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		addrField = field.Addr()
+		if _, ok := addrField.Interface().(Fielder); !ok {
+			if field.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+				addrField = field
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	attrs, tags = parseStructTag(sf.Tag.Get(defaultStructTagName))
+
+	if _, ok := attrs["-"]; ok {
+		return nil, errSkipField
+	}
+
+	digits := tags["digits"]
+	decimals := tags["decimals"]
+	size := tags["size"]
+	onDelete := tags["on_delete"]
+
+	initial.Clear()
+	if v, ok := tags["default"]; ok {
+		initial.Set(v)
+	}
+
+checkType:
+	switch f := addrField.Interface().(type) {
+	case Fielder:
+		fi.isFielder = true
+		if field.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("the model Fielder can not be use ptr")
+			goto end
+		}
+		fieldType = f.FieldType()
+		if fieldType&IsRelField > 0 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("unsupport type custom field, please refer to https://github.com/astaxie/beego/blob/master/orm/models_fields.go#L24-L42")
+			goto end
+		}
+	default:
+		tag = "rel"
+		tagValue = tags[tag]
+		if tagValue != "" {
+			switch tagValue {
+			case "fk":
+				fieldType = RelForeignKey
+				break checkType
+			case "one":
+				fieldType = RelOneToOne
+				break checkType
+			case "m2m":
+				fieldType = RelManyToMany
+				if tv := tags["rel_table"]; tv != "" {
+					fi.relTable = tv
+				} else if tv := tags["rel_through"]; tv != "" {
+					fi.relThrough = tv
+				}
+				break checkType
+			default:
+				err = fmt.Errorf("rel only allow these value: fk, one, m2m")
+				goto wrongTag
+			}
+		}
+		tag = "reverse"
+		tagValue = tags[tag]
+		if tagValue != "" {
+			switch tagValue {
+			case "one":
+				fieldType = RelReverseOne
+				break checkType
+			case "many":
+				fieldType = RelReverseMany
+				if tv := tags["rel_table"]; tv != "" {
+					fi.relTable = tv
+				} else if tv := tags["rel_through"]; tv != "" {
+					fi.relThrough = tv
+				}
+				break checkType
+			default:
+				err = fmt.Errorf("reverse only allow these value: one, many")
+				goto wrongTag
+			}
+		}
+
+		fieldType, err = getFieldType(addrField)
+		if err != nil {
+			goto end
+		}
+		if fieldType == TypeVarCharField {
+			switch tags["type"] {
+			case "char":
+				fieldType = TypeCharField
+			case "text":
+				fieldType = TypeTextField
+			case "json":
+				fieldType = TypeJSONField
+			case "jsonb":
+				fieldType = TypeJsonbField
+			}
+		}
+		if fieldType == TypeFloatField && (digits != "" || decimals != "") {
+			fieldType = TypeDecimalField
+		}
+		if fieldType == TypeDateTimeField && tags["type"] == "date" {
+			fieldType = TypeDateField
+		}
+		if fieldType == TypeTimeField && tags["type"] == "time" {
+			fieldType = TypeTimeField
+		}
+	}
+
+	// check the rel and reverse type
+	// rel should Ptr
+	// reverse should slice []*struct
+	switch fieldType {
+	case RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne, RelReverseOne:
+		if field.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("rel/reverse:one field must be *%s", field.Type().Name())
+			goto end
+		}
+	case RelManyToMany, RelReverseMany:
+		if field.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("rel/reverse:many field must be slice")
+			goto end
+		} else {
+			if field.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("rel/reverse:many slice must be []*%s", field.Type().Elem().Name())
+				goto end
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if fieldType&IsFieldType == 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("wrong field type")
+		goto end
+	}
+
+	fi.fieldType = fieldType
+	fi.name = sf.Name
+	fi.column = getColumnName(fieldType, addrField, sf, tags["column"])
+	fi.addrValue = addrField
+	fi.sf = sf
+	fi.fullName = mi.fullName + mName + "." + sf.Name
+
+	fi.description = tags["description"]
+	fi.null = attrs["null"]
+	fi.index = attrs["index"]
+	fi.auto = attrs["auto"]
+	fi.pk = attrs["pk"]
+	fi.unique = attrs["unique"]
+
+	// Mark object property if there is attribute "default" in the orm configuration
+	if _, ok := tags["default"]; ok {
+		fi.colDefault = true
+	}
+
+	switch fieldType {
+	case RelManyToMany, RelReverseMany, RelReverseOne:
+		fi.null = false
+		fi.index = false
+		fi.auto = false
+		fi.pk = false
+		fi.unique = false
+	default:
+		fi.dbcol = true
+	}
+
+	switch fieldType {
+	case RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne, RelManyToMany:
+		fi.rel = true
+		if fieldType == RelOneToOne {
+			fi.unique = true
+		}
+	case RelReverseMany, RelReverseOne:
+		fi.reverse = true
+	}
+
+	if fi.rel && fi.dbcol {
+		switch onDelete {
+		case odCascade, odDoNothing:
+		case odSetDefault:
+			if !initial.Exist() {
+				err = errors.New("on_delete: set_default need set field a default value")
+				goto end
+			}
+		case odSetNULL:
+			if !fi.null {
+				err = errors.New("on_delete: set_null need set field null")
+				goto end
+			}
+		default:
+			if onDelete == "" {
+				onDelete = odCascade
+			} else {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("on_delete value expected choice in `cascade,set_null,set_default,do_nothing`, unknown `%s`", onDelete)
+				goto end
+			}
+		}
+
+		fi.onDelete = onDelete
+	}
+
+	switch fieldType {
+	case TypeBooleanField:
+	case TypeVarCharField, TypeCharField, TypeJSONField, TypeJsonbField:
+		if size != "" {
+			v, e := StrTo(size).Int32()
+			if e != nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("wrong size value `%s`", size)
+			} else {
+				fi.size = int(v)
+			}
+		} else {
+			fi.size = 255
+			fi.toText = true
+		}
+	case TypeTextField:
+		fi.index = false
+		fi.unique = false
+	case TypeTimeField, TypeDateField, TypeDateTimeField:
+		if attrs["auto_now"] {
+			fi.autoNow = true
+		} else if attrs["auto_now_add"] {
+			fi.autoNowAdd = true
+		}
+	case TypeFloatField:
+	case TypeDecimalField:
+		d1 := digits
+		d2 := decimals
+		v1, er1 := StrTo(d1).Int8()
+		v2, er2 := StrTo(d2).Int8()
+		if er1 != nil || er2 != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("wrong digits/decimals value %s/%s", d2, d1)
+			goto end
+		}
+		fi.digits = int(v1)
+		fi.decimals = int(v2)
+	default:
+		switch {
+		case fieldType&IsIntegerField > 0:
+		case fieldType&IsRelField > 0:
+		}
+	}
+
+	if fieldType&IsIntegerField == 0 {
+		if fi.auto {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("non-integer type cannot set auto")
+			goto end
+		}
+	}
+
+	if fi.auto || fi.pk {
+		if fi.auto {
+			switch addrField.Elem().Kind() {
+			case reflect.Int, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+			default:
+				err = fmt.Errorf("auto primary key only support int, int32, int64, uint, uint32, uint64 but found `%s`", addrField.Elem().Kind())
+				goto end
+			}
+			fi.pk = true
+		}
+		fi.null = false
+		fi.index = false
+		fi.unique = false
+	}
+
+	if fi.unique {
+		fi.index = false
+	}
+
+	// can not set default for these type
+	if fi.auto || fi.pk || fi.unique || fieldType == TypeTimeField || fieldType == TypeDateField || fieldType == TypeDateTimeField {
+		initial.Clear()
+	}
+
+	if initial.Exist() {
+		v := initial
+		switch fieldType {
+		case TypeBooleanField:
+			_, err = v.Bool()
+		case TypeFloatField, TypeDecimalField:
+			_, err = v.Float64()
+		case TypeBitField:
+			_, err = v.Int8()
+		case TypeSmallIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Int16()
+		case TypeIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Int32()
+		case TypeBigIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Int64()
+		case TypePositiveBitField:
+			_, err = v.Uint8()
+		case TypePositiveSmallIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Uint16()
+		case TypePositiveIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Uint32()
+		case TypePositiveBigIntegerField:
+			_, err = v.Uint64()
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			tag, tagValue = "default", tags["default"]
+			goto wrongTag
+		}
+	}
+
+	fi.initial = initial
+end:
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return
+wrongTag:
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong tag format: `%s:\"%s\"`, %s", tag, tagValue, err)
+}

pkg/orm/models_info_m.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// single model info
+type modelInfo struct {
+	pkg       string
+	name      string
+	fullName  string
+	table     string
+	model     interface{}
+	fields    *fields
+	manual    bool
+	addrField reflect.Value //store the original struct value
+	uniques   []string
+	isThrough bool
+}
+
+// new model info
+func newModelInfo(val reflect.Value) (mi *modelInfo) {
+	mi = &modelInfo{}
+	mi.fields = newFields()
+	ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
+	mi.addrField = val
+	mi.name = ind.Type().Name()
+	mi.fullName = getFullName(ind.Type())
+	addModelFields(mi, ind, "", []int{})
+	return
+}
+
+// index: FieldByIndex returns the nested field corresponding to index
+func addModelFields(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, mName string, index []int) {
+	var (
+		err error
+		fi  *fieldInfo
+		sf  reflect.StructField
+	)
+
+	for i := 0; i < ind.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := ind.Field(i)
+		sf = ind.Type().Field(i)
+		// if the field is unexported skip
+		if sf.PkgPath != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// add anonymous struct fields
+		if sf.Anonymous {
+			addModelFields(mi, field, mName+"."+sf.Name, append(index, i))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fi, err = newFieldInfo(mi, field, sf, mName)
+		if err == errSkipField {
+			err = nil
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		//record current field index
+		fi.fieldIndex = append(fi.fieldIndex, index...)
+		fi.fieldIndex = append(fi.fieldIndex, i)
+		fi.mi = mi
+		fi.inModel = true
+		if !mi.fields.Add(fi) {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("duplicate column name: %s", fi.column)
+			break
+		}
+		if fi.pk {
+			if mi.fields.pk != nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("one model must have one pk field only")
+				break
+			} else {
+				mi.fields.pk = fi
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(fmt.Errorf("field: %s.%s, %s", ind.Type(), sf.Name, err))
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+}
+
+// combine related model info to new model info.
+// prepare for relation models query.
+func newM2MModelInfo(m1, m2 *modelInfo) (mi *modelInfo) {
+	mi = new(modelInfo)
+	mi.fields = newFields()
+	mi.table = m1.table + "_" + m2.table + "s"
+	mi.name = camelString(mi.table)
+	mi.fullName = m1.pkg + "." + mi.name
+
+	fa := new(fieldInfo) // pk
+	f1 := new(fieldInfo) // m1 table RelForeignKey
+	f2 := new(fieldInfo) // m2 table RelForeignKey
+	fa.fieldType = TypeBigIntegerField
+	fa.auto = true
+	fa.pk = true
+	fa.dbcol = true
+	fa.name = "Id"
+	fa.column = "id"
+	fa.fullName = mi.fullName + "." + fa.name
+
+	f1.dbcol = true
+	f2.dbcol = true
+	f1.fieldType = RelForeignKey
+	f2.fieldType = RelForeignKey
+	f1.name = camelString(m1.table)
+	f2.name = camelString(m2.table)
+	f1.fullName = mi.fullName + "." + f1.name
+	f2.fullName = mi.fullName + "." + f2.name
+	f1.column = m1.table + "_id"
+	f2.column = m2.table + "_id"
+	f1.rel = true
+	f2.rel = true
+	f1.relTable = m1.table
+	f2.relTable = m2.table
+	f1.relModelInfo = m1
+	f2.relModelInfo = m2
+	f1.mi = mi
+	f2.mi = mi
+
+	mi.fields.Add(fa)
+	mi.fields.Add(f1)
+	mi.fields.Add(f2)
+	mi.fields.pk = fa
+
+	mi.uniques = []string{f1.column, f2.column}
+	return
+}

pkg/orm/models_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
+	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
+	_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
+	// As tidb can't use go get, so disable the tidb testing now
+	// _ "github.com/pingcap/tidb"
+)
+
+// A slice string field.
+type SliceStringField []string
+
+func (e SliceStringField) Value() []string {
+	return []string(e)
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) Set(d []string) {
+	*e = SliceStringField(d)
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) Add(v string) {
+	*e = append(*e, v)
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(e.Value(), ",")
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeVarCharField
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case []string:
+		e.Set(d)
+	case string:
+		if len(d) > 0 {
+			parts := strings.Split(d, ",")
+			v := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+			for _, p := range parts {
+				v = append(v, strings.TrimSpace(p))
+			}
+			e.Set(v)
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<SliceStringField.SetRaw> unknown value `%v`", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *SliceStringField) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.String()
+}
+
+var _ Fielder = new(SliceStringField)
+
+// A json field.
+type JSONFieldTest struct {
+	Name string
+	Data string
+}
+
+func (e *JSONFieldTest) String() string {
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(e)
+	return string(data)
+}
+
+func (e *JSONFieldTest) FieldType() int {
+	return TypeTextField
+}
+
+func (e *JSONFieldTest) SetRaw(value interface{}) error {
+	switch d := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(d), e)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("<JSONField.SetRaw> unknown value `%v`", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *JSONFieldTest) RawValue() interface{} {
+	return e.String()
+}
+
+var _ Fielder = new(JSONFieldTest)
+
+type Data struct {
+	ID       int `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Boolean  bool
+	Char     string    `orm:"size(50)"`
+	Text     string    `orm:"type(text)"`
+	JSON     string    `orm:"type(json);default({\"name\":\"json\"})"`
+	Jsonb    string    `orm:"type(jsonb)"`
+	Time     time.Time `orm:"type(time)"`
+	Date     time.Time `orm:"type(date)"`
+	DateTime time.Time `orm:"column(datetime)"`
+	Byte     byte
+	Rune     rune
+	Int      int
+	Int8     int8
+	Int16    int16
+	Int32    int32
+	Int64    int64
+	Uint     uint
+	Uint8    uint8
+	Uint16   uint16
+	Uint32   uint32
+	Uint64   uint64
+	Float32  float32
+	Float64  float64
+	Decimal  float64 `orm:"digits(8);decimals(4)"`
+}
+
+type DataNull struct {
+	ID          int             `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Boolean     bool            `orm:"null"`
+	Char        string          `orm:"null;size(50)"`
+	Text        string          `orm:"null;type(text)"`
+	JSON        string          `orm:"type(json);null"`
+	Jsonb       string          `orm:"type(jsonb);null"`
+	Time        time.Time       `orm:"null;type(time)"`
+	Date        time.Time       `orm:"null;type(date)"`
+	DateTime    time.Time       `orm:"null;column(datetime)"`
+	Byte        byte            `orm:"null"`
+	Rune        rune            `orm:"null"`
+	Int         int             `orm:"null"`
+	Int8        int8            `orm:"null"`
+	Int16       int16           `orm:"null"`
+	Int32       int32           `orm:"null"`
+	Int64       int64           `orm:"null"`
+	Uint        uint            `orm:"null"`
+	Uint8       uint8           `orm:"null"`
+	Uint16      uint16          `orm:"null"`
+	Uint32      uint32          `orm:"null"`
+	Uint64      uint64          `orm:"null"`
+	Float32     float32         `orm:"null"`
+	Float64     float64         `orm:"null"`
+	Decimal     float64         `orm:"digits(8);decimals(4);null"`
+	NullString  sql.NullString  `orm:"null"`
+	NullBool    sql.NullBool    `orm:"null"`
+	NullFloat64 sql.NullFloat64 `orm:"null"`
+	NullInt64   sql.NullInt64   `orm:"null"`
+	BooleanPtr  *bool           `orm:"null"`
+	CharPtr     *string         `orm:"null;size(50)"`
+	TextPtr     *string         `orm:"null;type(text)"`
+	BytePtr     *byte           `orm:"null"`
+	RunePtr     *rune           `orm:"null"`
+	IntPtr      *int            `orm:"null"`
+	Int8Ptr     *int8           `orm:"null"`
+	Int16Ptr    *int16          `orm:"null"`
+	Int32Ptr    *int32          `orm:"null"`
+	Int64Ptr    *int64          `orm:"null"`
+	UintPtr     *uint           `orm:"null"`
+	Uint8Ptr    *uint8          `orm:"null"`
+	Uint16Ptr   *uint16         `orm:"null"`
+	Uint32Ptr   *uint32         `orm:"null"`
+	Uint64Ptr   *uint64         `orm:"null"`
+	Float32Ptr  *float32        `orm:"null"`
+	Float64Ptr  *float64        `orm:"null"`
+	DecimalPtr  *float64        `orm:"digits(8);decimals(4);null"`
+	TimePtr     *time.Time      `orm:"null;type(time)"`
+	DatePtr     *time.Time      `orm:"null;type(date)"`
+	DateTimePtr *time.Time      `orm:"null"`
+}
+
+type String string
+type Boolean bool
+type Byte byte
+type Rune rune
+type Int int
+type Int8 int8
+type Int16 int16
+type Int32 int32
+type Int64 int64
+type Uint uint
+type Uint8 uint8
+type Uint16 uint16
+type Uint32 uint32
+type Uint64 uint64
+type Float32 float64
+type Float64 float64
+
+type DataCustom struct {
+	ID      int `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Boolean Boolean
+	Char    string `orm:"size(50)"`
+	Text    string `orm:"type(text)"`
+	Byte    Byte
+	Rune    Rune
+	Int     Int
+	Int8    Int8
+	Int16   Int16
+	Int32   Int32
+	Int64   Int64
+	Uint    Uint
+	Uint8   Uint8
+	Uint16  Uint16
+	Uint32  Uint32
+	Uint64  Uint64
+	Float32 Float32
+	Float64 Float64
+	Decimal Float64 `orm:"digits(8);decimals(4)"`
+}
+
+// only for mysql
+type UserBig struct {
+	ID   uint64 `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Name string
+}
+
+type User struct {
+	ID           int    `orm:"column(id)"`
+	UserName     string `orm:"size(30);unique"`
+	Email        string `orm:"size(100)"`
+	Password     string `orm:"size(100)"`
+	Status       int16  `orm:"column(Status)"`
+	IsStaff      bool
+	IsActive     bool      `orm:"default(true)"`
+	Created      time.Time `orm:"auto_now_add;type(date)"`
+	Updated      time.Time `orm:"auto_now"`
+	Profile      *Profile  `orm:"null;rel(one);on_delete(set_null)"`
+	Posts        []*Post   `orm:"reverse(many)" json:"-"`
+	ShouldSkip   string    `orm:"-"`
+	Nums         int
+	Langs        SliceStringField `orm:"size(100)"`
+	Extra        JSONFieldTest    `orm:"type(text)"`
+	unexport     bool             `orm:"-"`
+	unexportBool bool
+}
+
+func (u *User) TableIndex() [][]string {
+	return [][]string{
+		{"Id", "UserName"},
+		{"Id", "Created"},
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *User) TableUnique() [][]string {
+	return [][]string{
+		{"UserName", "Email"},
+	}
+}
+
+func NewUser() *User {
+	obj := new(User)
+	return obj
+}
+
+type Profile struct {
+	ID       int `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Age      int16
+	Money    float64
+	User     *User `orm:"reverse(one)" json:"-"`
+	BestPost *Post `orm:"rel(one);null"`
+}
+
+func (u *Profile) TableName() string {
+	return "user_profile"
+}
+
+func NewProfile() *Profile {
+	obj := new(Profile)
+	return obj
+}
+
+type Post struct {
+	ID      int       `orm:"column(id)"`
+	User    *User     `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+	Title   string    `orm:"size(60)"`
+	Content string    `orm:"type(text)"`
+	Created time.Time `orm:"auto_now_add"`
+	Updated time.Time `orm:"auto_now"`
+	Tags    []*Tag    `orm:"rel(m2m);rel_through(github.com/astaxie/beego/orm.PostTags)"`
+}
+
+func (u *Post) TableIndex() [][]string {
+	return [][]string{
+		{"Id", "Created"},
+	}
+}
+
+func NewPost() *Post {
+	obj := new(Post)
+	return obj
+}
+
+type Tag struct {
+	ID       int     `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Name     string  `orm:"size(30)"`
+	BestPost *Post   `orm:"rel(one);null"`
+	Posts    []*Post `orm:"reverse(many)" json:"-"`
+}
+
+func NewTag() *Tag {
+	obj := new(Tag)
+	return obj
+}
+
+type PostTags struct {
+	ID   int   `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Post *Post `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+	Tag  *Tag  `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+}
+
+func (m *PostTags) TableName() string {
+	return "prefix_post_tags"
+}
+
+type Comment struct {
+	ID      int       `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Post    *Post     `orm:"rel(fk);column(post)"`
+	Content string    `orm:"type(text)"`
+	Parent  *Comment  `orm:"null;rel(fk)"`
+	Created time.Time `orm:"auto_now_add"`
+}
+
+func NewComment() *Comment {
+	obj := new(Comment)
+	return obj
+}
+
+type Group struct {
+	ID          int `orm:"column(gid);size(32)"`
+	Name        string
+	Permissions []*Permission `orm:"reverse(many)" json:"-"`
+}
+
+type Permission struct {
+	ID     int `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Name   string
+	Groups []*Group `orm:"rel(m2m);rel_through(github.com/astaxie/beego/orm.GroupPermissions)"`
+}
+
+type GroupPermissions struct {
+	ID         int         `orm:"column(id)"`
+	Group      *Group      `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+	Permission *Permission `orm:"rel(fk)"`
+}
+
+type ModelID struct {
+	ID int64
+}
+
+type ModelBase struct {
+	ModelID
+
+	Created time.Time `orm:"auto_now_add;type(datetime)"`
+	Updated time.Time `orm:"auto_now;type(datetime)"`
+}
+
+type InLine struct {
+	// Common Fields
+	ModelBase
+
+	// Other Fields
+	Name  string `orm:"unique"`
+	Email string
+}
+
+func NewInLine() *InLine {
+	return new(InLine)
+}
+
+type InLineOneToOne struct {
+	// Common Fields
+	ModelBase
+
+	Note   string
+	InLine *InLine `orm:"rel(fk);column(inline)"`
+}
+
+func NewInLineOneToOne() *InLineOneToOne {
+	return new(InLineOneToOne)
+}
+
+type IntegerPk struct {
+	ID    int64 `orm:"pk"`
+	Value string
+}
+
+type UintPk struct {
+	ID   uint32 `orm:"pk"`
+	Name string
+}
+
+type PtrPk struct {
+	ID       *IntegerPk `orm:"pk;rel(one)"`
+	Positive bool
+}
+
+var DBARGS = struct {
+	Driver string
+	Source string
+	Debug  string
+}{
+	os.Getenv("ORM_DRIVER"),
+	os.Getenv("ORM_SOURCE"),
+	os.Getenv("ORM_DEBUG"),
+}
+
+var (
+	IsMysql    = DBARGS.Driver == "mysql"
+	IsSqlite   = DBARGS.Driver == "sqlite3"
+	IsPostgres = DBARGS.Driver == "postgres"
+	IsTidb     = DBARGS.Driver == "tidb"
+)
+
+var (
+	dORM     Ormer
+	dDbBaser dbBaser
+)
+
+var (
+	helpinfo = `need driver and source!
+
+	Default DB Drivers.
+	
+	  driver: url
+	   mysql: https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
+	 sqlite3: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
+	postgres: https://github.com/lib/pq
+	tidb: https://github.com/pingcap/tidb
+	
+	usage:
+	
+	go get -u github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+	go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
+	go get -u github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
+	go get -u github.com/lib/pq
+	go get -u github.com/pingcap/tidb
+	
+	#### MySQL
+	mysql -u root -e 'create database orm_test;'
+	export ORM_DRIVER=mysql
+	export ORM_SOURCE="root:@/orm_test?charset=utf8"
+	go test -v github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+	
+	
+	#### Sqlite3
+	export ORM_DRIVER=sqlite3
+	export ORM_SOURCE='file:memory_test?mode=memory'
+	go test -v github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+	
+	
+	#### PostgreSQL
+	psql -c 'create database orm_test;' -U postgres
+	export ORM_DRIVER=postgres
+	export ORM_SOURCE="user=postgres dbname=orm_test sslmode=disable"
+	go test -v github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+	
+	#### TiDB
+	export ORM_DRIVER=tidb
+	export ORM_SOURCE='memory://test/test'
+	go test -v github.com/astaxie/beego/orm
+	
+	`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	Debug, _ = StrTo(DBARGS.Debug).Bool()
+
+	if DBARGS.Driver == "" || DBARGS.Source == "" {
+		fmt.Println(helpinfo)
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+
+	RegisterDataBase("default", DBARGS.Driver, DBARGS.Source, 20)
+
+	alias := getDbAlias("default")
+	if alias.Driver == DRMySQL {
+		alias.Engine = "INNODB"
+	}
+
+}

pkg/orm/models_utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// 1 is attr
+// 2 is tag
+var supportTag = map[string]int{
+	"-":            1,
+	"null":         1,
+	"index":        1,
+	"unique":       1,
+	"pk":           1,
+	"auto":         1,
+	"auto_now":     1,
+	"auto_now_add": 1,
+	"size":         2,
+	"column":       2,
+	"default":      2,
+	"rel":          2,
+	"reverse":      2,
+	"rel_table":    2,
+	"rel_through":  2,
+	"digits":       2,
+	"decimals":     2,
+	"on_delete":    2,
+	"type":         2,
+	"description":  2,
+}
+
+// get reflect.Type name with package path.
+func getFullName(typ reflect.Type) string {
+	return typ.PkgPath() + "." + typ.Name()
+}
+
+// getTableName get struct table name.
+// If the struct implement the TableName, then get the result as tablename
+// else use the struct name which will apply snakeString.
+func getTableName(val reflect.Value) string {
+	if fun := val.MethodByName("TableName"); fun.IsValid() {
+		vals := fun.Call([]reflect.Value{})
+		// has return and the first val is string
+		if len(vals) > 0 && vals[0].Kind() == reflect.String {
+			return vals[0].String()
+		}
+	}
+	return snakeString(reflect.Indirect(val).Type().Name())
+}
+
+// get table engine, myisam or innodb.
+func getTableEngine(val reflect.Value) string {
+	fun := val.MethodByName("TableEngine")
+	if fun.IsValid() {
+		vals := fun.Call([]reflect.Value{})
+		if len(vals) > 0 && vals[0].Kind() == reflect.String {
+			return vals[0].String()
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// get table index from method.
+func getTableIndex(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
+	fun := val.MethodByName("TableIndex")
+	if fun.IsValid() {
+		vals := fun.Call([]reflect.Value{})
+		if len(vals) > 0 && vals[0].CanInterface() {
+			if d, ok := vals[0].Interface().([][]string); ok {
+				return d
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// get table unique from method
+func getTableUnique(val reflect.Value) [][]string {
+	fun := val.MethodByName("TableUnique")
+	if fun.IsValid() {
+		vals := fun.Call([]reflect.Value{})
+		if len(vals) > 0 && vals[0].CanInterface() {
+			if d, ok := vals[0].Interface().([][]string); ok {
+				return d
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// get snaked column name
+func getColumnName(ft int, addrField reflect.Value, sf reflect.StructField, col string) string {
+	column := col
+	if col == "" {
+		column = nameStrategyMap[nameStrategy](sf.Name)
+	}
+	switch ft {
+	case RelForeignKey, RelOneToOne:
+		if len(col) == 0 {
+			column = column + "_id"
+		}
+	case RelManyToMany, RelReverseMany, RelReverseOne:
+		column = sf.Name
+	}
+	return column
+}
+
+// return field type as type constant from reflect.Value
+func getFieldType(val reflect.Value) (ft int, err error) {
+	switch val.Type() {
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(int8)):
+		ft = TypeBitField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(int16)):
+		ft = TypeSmallIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(int32)),
+		reflect.TypeOf(new(int)):
+		ft = TypeIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(int64)):
+		ft = TypeBigIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(uint8)):
+		ft = TypePositiveBitField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(uint16)):
+		ft = TypePositiveSmallIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(uint32)),
+		reflect.TypeOf(new(uint)):
+		ft = TypePositiveIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(uint64)):
+		ft = TypePositiveBigIntegerField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(float32)),
+		reflect.TypeOf(new(float64)):
+		ft = TypeFloatField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(bool)):
+		ft = TypeBooleanField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(string)):
+		ft = TypeVarCharField
+	case reflect.TypeOf(new(time.Time)):
+		ft = TypeDateTimeField
+	default:
+		elm := reflect.Indirect(val)
+		switch elm.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Int8:
+			ft = TypeBitField
+		case reflect.Int16:
+			ft = TypeSmallIntegerField
+		case reflect.Int32, reflect.Int:
+			ft = TypeIntegerField
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			ft = TypeBigIntegerField
+		case reflect.Uint8:
+			ft = TypePositiveBitField
+		case reflect.Uint16:
+			ft = TypePositiveSmallIntegerField
+		case reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint:
+			ft = TypePositiveIntegerField
+		case reflect.Uint64:
+			ft = TypePositiveBigIntegerField
+		case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+			ft = TypeFloatField
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			ft = TypeBooleanField
+		case reflect.String:
+			ft = TypeVarCharField
+		default:
+			if elm.Interface() == nil {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("%s is nil pointer, may be miss setting tag", val))
+			}
+			switch elm.Interface().(type) {
+			case sql.NullInt64:
+				ft = TypeBigIntegerField
+			case sql.NullFloat64:
+				ft = TypeFloatField
+			case sql.NullBool:
+				ft = TypeBooleanField
+			case sql.NullString:
+				ft = TypeVarCharField
+			case time.Time:
+				ft = TypeDateTimeField
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ft&IsFieldType == 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupport field type %s, may be miss setting tag", val)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// parse struct tag string
+func parseStructTag(data string) (attrs map[string]bool, tags map[string]string) {
+	attrs = make(map[string]bool)
+	tags = make(map[string]string)
+	for _, v := range strings.Split(data, defaultStructTagDelim) {
+		if v == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if t := strings.ToLower(v); supportTag[t] == 1 {
+			attrs[t] = true
+		} else if i := strings.Index(v, "("); i > 0 && strings.Index(v, ")") == len(v)-1 {
+			name := t[:i]
+			if supportTag[name] == 2 {
+				v = v[i+1 : len(v)-1]
+				tags[name] = v
+			}
+		} else {
+			DebugLog.Println("unsupport orm tag", v)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

pkg/orm/orm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// +build go1.8
+
+// Package orm provide ORM for MySQL/PostgreSQL/sqlite
+// Simple Usage
+//
+//	package main
+//
+//	import (
+//		"fmt"
+//		"github.com/astaxie/beego/orm"
+//		_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" // import your used driver
+//	)
+//
+//	// Model Struct
+//	type User struct {
+//		Id   int    `orm:"auto"`
+//		Name string `orm:"size(100)"`
+//	}
+//
+//	func init() {
+//		orm.RegisterDataBase("default", "mysql", "root:root@/my_db?charset=utf8", 30)
+//	}
+//
+//	func main() {
+//		o := orm.NewOrm()
+//		user := User{Name: "slene"}
+//		// insert
+//		id, err := o.Insert(&user)
+//		// update
+//		user.Name = "astaxie"
+//		num, err := o.Update(&user)
+//		// read one
+//		u := User{Id: user.Id}
+//		err = o.Read(&u)
+//		// delete
+//		num, err = o.Delete(&u)
+//	}
+//
+// more docs: http://beego.me/docs/mvc/model/overview.md
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// DebugQueries define the debug
+const (
+	DebugQueries = iota
+)
+
+// Define common vars
+var (
+	Debug            = false
+	DebugLog         = NewLog(os.Stdout)
+	DefaultRowsLimit = -1
+	DefaultRelsDepth = 2
+	DefaultTimeLoc   = time.Local
+	ErrTxHasBegan    = errors.New("<Ormer.Begin> transaction already begin")
+	ErrTxDone        = errors.New("<Ormer.Commit/Rollback> transaction not begin")
+	ErrMultiRows     = errors.New("<QuerySeter> return multi rows")
+	ErrNoRows        = errors.New("<QuerySeter> no row found")
+	ErrStmtClosed    = errors.New("<QuerySeter> stmt already closed")
+	ErrArgs          = errors.New("<Ormer> args error may be empty")
+	ErrNotImplement  = errors.New("have not implement")
+)
+
+// Params stores the Params
+type Params map[string]interface{}
+
+// ParamsList stores paramslist
+type ParamsList []interface{}
+
+type orm struct {
+	alias *alias
+	db    dbQuerier
+	isTx  bool
+}
+
+var _ Ormer = new(orm)
+
+// get model info and model reflect value
+func (o *orm) getMiInd(md interface{}, needPtr bool) (mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value) {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(md)
+	ind = reflect.Indirect(val)
+	typ := ind.Type()
+	if needPtr && val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> cannot use non-ptr model struct `%s`", getFullName(typ)))
+	}
+	name := getFullName(typ)
+	if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(name); ok {
+		return mi, ind
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> table: `%s` not found, make sure it was registered with `RegisterModel()`", name))
+}
+
+// get field info from model info by given field name
+func (o *orm) getFieldInfo(mi *modelInfo, name string) *fieldInfo {
+	fi, ok := mi.fields.GetByAny(name)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> cannot find field `%s` for model `%s`", name, mi.fullName))
+	}
+	return fi
+}
+
+// read data to model
+func (o *orm) Read(md interface{}, cols ...string) error {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	return o.alias.DbBaser.Read(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols, false)
+}
+
+// read data to model, like Read(), but use "SELECT FOR UPDATE" form
+func (o *orm) ReadForUpdate(md interface{}, cols ...string) error {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	return o.alias.DbBaser.Read(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols, true)
+}
+
+// Try to read a row from the database, or insert one if it doesn't exist
+func (o *orm) ReadOrCreate(md interface{}, col1 string, cols ...string) (bool, int64, error) {
+	cols = append([]string{col1}, cols...)
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	err := o.alias.DbBaser.Read(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols, false)
+	if err == ErrNoRows {
+		// Create
+		id, err := o.Insert(md)
+		return (err == nil), id, err
+	}
+
+	id, vid := int64(0), ind.FieldByIndex(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex)
+	if mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPositiveIntegerField > 0 {
+		id = int64(vid.Uint())
+	} else if mi.fields.pk.rel {
+		return o.ReadOrCreate(vid.Interface(), mi.fields.pk.relModelInfo.fields.pk.name)
+	} else {
+		id = vid.Int()
+	}
+
+	return false, id, err
+}
+
+// insert model data to database
+func (o *orm) Insert(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	id, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Insert(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ)
+	if err != nil {
+		return id, err
+	}
+
+	o.setPk(mi, ind, id)
+
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+// set auto pk field
+func (o *orm) setPk(mi *modelInfo, ind reflect.Value, id int64) {
+	if mi.fields.pk.auto {
+		if mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPositiveIntegerField > 0 {
+			ind.FieldByIndex(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetUint(uint64(id))
+		} else {
+			ind.FieldByIndex(mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetInt(id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// insert some models to database
+func (o *orm) InsertMulti(bulk int, mds interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	var cnt int64
+
+	sind := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(mds))
+
+	switch sind.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		if sind.Len() == 0 {
+			return cnt, ErrArgs
+		}
+	default:
+		return cnt, ErrArgs
+	}
+
+	if bulk <= 1 {
+		for i := 0; i < sind.Len(); i++ {
+			ind := reflect.Indirect(sind.Index(i))
+			mi, _ := o.getMiInd(ind.Interface(), false)
+			id, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Insert(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ)
+			if err != nil {
+				return cnt, err
+			}
+
+			o.setPk(mi, ind, id)
+
+			cnt++
+		}
+	} else {
+		mi, _ := o.getMiInd(sind.Index(0).Interface(), false)
+		return o.alias.DbBaser.InsertMulti(o.db, mi, sind, bulk, o.alias.TZ)
+	}
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+// InsertOrUpdate data to database
+func (o *orm) InsertOrUpdate(md interface{}, colConflitAndArgs ...string) (int64, error) {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	id, err := o.alias.DbBaser.InsertOrUpdate(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias, colConflitAndArgs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return id, err
+	}
+
+	o.setPk(mi, ind, id)
+
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+// update model to database.
+// cols set the columns those want to update.
+func (o *orm) Update(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	return o.alias.DbBaser.Update(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols)
+}
+
+// delete model in database
+// cols shows the delete conditions values read from. default is pk
+func (o *orm) Delete(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	num, err := o.alias.DbBaser.Delete(o.db, mi, ind, o.alias.TZ, cols)
+	if err != nil {
+		return num, err
+	}
+	if num > 0 {
+		o.setPk(mi, ind, 0)
+	}
+	return num, nil
+}
+
+// create a models to models queryer
+func (o *orm) QueryM2M(md interface{}, name string) QueryM2Mer {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	fi := o.getFieldInfo(mi, name)
+
+	switch {
+	case fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany:
+	case fi.fieldType == RelReverseMany && fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi.isThrough:
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer.QueryM2M> model `%s` . name `%s` is not a m2m field", fi.name, mi.fullName))
+	}
+
+	return newQueryM2M(md, o, mi, fi, ind)
+}
+
+// load related models to md model.
+// args are limit, offset int and order string.
+//
+// example:
+// 	orm.LoadRelated(post,"Tags")
+// 	for _,tag := range post.Tags{...}
+//
+// make sure the relation is defined in model struct tags.
+func (o *orm) LoadRelated(md interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	_, fi, ind, qseter := o.queryRelated(md, name)
+
+	qs := qseter.(*querySet)
+
+	var relDepth int
+	var limit, offset int64
+	var order string
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		switch i {
+		case 0:
+			if v, ok := arg.(bool); ok {
+				if v {
+					relDepth = DefaultRelsDepth
+				}
+			} else if v, ok := arg.(int); ok {
+				relDepth = v
+			}
+		case 1:
+			limit = ToInt64(arg)
+		case 2:
+			offset = ToInt64(arg)
+		case 3:
+			order, _ = arg.(string)
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey, RelReverseOne:
+		limit = 1
+		offset = 0
+	}
+
+	qs.limit = limit
+	qs.offset = offset
+	qs.relDepth = relDepth
+
+	if len(order) > 0 {
+		qs.orders = []string{order}
+	}
+
+	find := ind.FieldByIndex(fi.fieldIndex)
+
+	var nums int64
+	var err error
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey, RelReverseOne:
+		val := reflect.New(find.Type().Elem())
+		container := val.Interface()
+		err = qs.One(container)
+		if err == nil {
+			find.Set(val)
+			nums = 1
+		}
+	default:
+		nums, err = qs.All(find.Addr().Interface())
+	}
+
+	return nums, err
+}
+
+// return a QuerySeter for related models to md model.
+// it can do all, update, delete in QuerySeter.
+// example:
+// 	qs := orm.QueryRelated(post,"Tag")
+//  qs.All(&[]*Tag{})
+//
+func (o *orm) QueryRelated(md interface{}, name string) QuerySeter {
+	// is this api needed ?
+	_, _, _, qs := o.queryRelated(md, name)
+	return qs
+}
+
+// get QuerySeter for related models to md model
+func (o *orm) queryRelated(md interface{}, name string) (*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, reflect.Value, QuerySeter) {
+	mi, ind := o.getMiInd(md, true)
+	fi := o.getFieldInfo(mi, name)
+
+	_, _, exist := getExistPk(mi, ind)
+	if !exist {
+		panic(ErrMissPK)
+	}
+
+	var qs *querySet
+
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey, RelManyToMany:
+		if !fi.inModel {
+			break
+		}
+		qs = o.getRelQs(md, mi, fi)
+	case RelReverseOne, RelReverseMany:
+		if !fi.inModel {
+			break
+		}
+		qs = o.getReverseQs(md, mi, fi)
+	}
+
+	if qs == nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> name `%s` for model `%s` is not an available rel/reverse field", md, name))
+	}
+
+	return mi, fi, ind, qs
+}
+
+// get reverse relation QuerySeter
+func (o *orm) getReverseQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *querySet {
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case RelReverseOne, RelReverseMany:
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> name `%s` for model `%s` is not an available reverse field", fi.name, mi.fullName))
+	}
+
+	var q *querySet
+
+	if fi.fieldType == RelReverseMany && fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi.isThrough {
+		q = newQuerySet(o, fi.relModelInfo).(*querySet)
+		q.cond = NewCondition().And(fi.reverseFieldInfoM2M.column+ExprSep+fi.reverseFieldInfo.column, md)
+	} else {
+		q = newQuerySet(o, fi.reverseFieldInfo.mi).(*querySet)
+		q.cond = NewCondition().And(fi.reverseFieldInfo.column, md)
+	}
+
+	return q
+}
+
+// get relation QuerySeter
+func (o *orm) getRelQs(md interface{}, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo) *querySet {
+	switch fi.fieldType {
+	case RelOneToOne, RelForeignKey, RelManyToMany:
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer> name `%s` for model `%s` is not an available rel field", fi.name, mi.fullName))
+	}
+
+	q := newQuerySet(o, fi.relModelInfo).(*querySet)
+	q.cond = NewCondition()
+
+	if fi.fieldType == RelManyToMany {
+		q.cond = q.cond.And(fi.reverseFieldInfoM2M.column+ExprSep+fi.reverseFieldInfo.column, md)
+	} else {
+		q.cond = q.cond.And(fi.reverseFieldInfo.column, md)
+	}
+
+	return q
+}
+
+// return a QuerySeter for table operations.
+// table name can be string or struct.
+// e.g. QueryTable("user"), QueryTable(&user{}) or QueryTable((*User)(nil)),
+func (o *orm) QueryTable(ptrStructOrTableName interface{}) (qs QuerySeter) {
+	var name string
+	if table, ok := ptrStructOrTableName.(string); ok {
+		name = nameStrategyMap[defaultNameStrategy](table)
+		if mi, ok := modelCache.get(name); ok {
+			qs = newQuerySet(o, mi)
+		}
+	} else {
+		name = getFullName(indirectType(reflect.TypeOf(ptrStructOrTableName)))
+		if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(name); ok {
+			qs = newQuerySet(o, mi)
+		}
+	}
+	if qs == nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer.QueryTable> table name: `%s` not exists", name))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// switch to another registered database driver by given name.
+func (o *orm) Using(name string) error {
+	if o.isTx {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Ormer.Using> transaction has been start, cannot change db"))
+	}
+	if al, ok := dataBaseCache.get(name); ok {
+		o.alias = al
+		if Debug {
+			o.db = newDbQueryLog(al, al.DB)
+		} else {
+			o.db = al.DB
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("<Ormer.Using> unknown db alias name `%s`", name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// begin transaction
+func (o *orm) Begin() error {
+	return o.BeginTx(context.Background(), nil)
+}
+
+func (o *orm) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) error {
+	if o.isTx {
+		return ErrTxHasBegan
+	}
+	var tx *sql.Tx
+	tx, err := o.db.(txer).BeginTx(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	o.isTx = true
+	if Debug {
+		o.db.(*dbQueryLog).SetDB(tx)
+	} else {
+		o.db = tx
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// commit transaction
+func (o *orm) Commit() error {
+	if !o.isTx {
+		return ErrTxDone
+	}
+	err := o.db.(txEnder).Commit()
+	if err == nil {
+		o.isTx = false
+		o.Using(o.alias.Name)
+	} else if err == sql.ErrTxDone {
+		return ErrTxDone
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// rollback transaction
+func (o *orm) Rollback() error {
+	if !o.isTx {
+		return ErrTxDone
+	}
+	err := o.db.(txEnder).Rollback()
+	if err == nil {
+		o.isTx = false
+		o.Using(o.alias.Name)
+	} else if err == sql.ErrTxDone {
+		return ErrTxDone
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// return a raw query seter for raw sql string.
+func (o *orm) Raw(query string, args ...interface{}) RawSeter {
+	return newRawSet(o, query, args)
+}
+
+// return current using database Driver
+func (o *orm) Driver() Driver {
+	return driver(o.alias.Name)
+}
+
+// return sql.DBStats for current database
+func (o *orm) DBStats() *sql.DBStats {
+	if o.alias != nil && o.alias.DB != nil {
+		stats := o.alias.DB.DB.Stats()
+		return &stats
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewOrm create new orm
+func NewOrm() Ormer {
+	BootStrap() // execute only once
+
+	o := new(orm)
+	err := o.Using("default")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return o
+}
+
+// NewOrmWithDB create a new ormer object with specify *sql.DB for query
+func NewOrmWithDB(driverName, aliasName string, db *sql.DB) (Ormer, error) {
+	var al *alias
+
+	if dr, ok := drivers[driverName]; ok {
+		al = new(alias)
+		al.DbBaser = dbBasers[dr]
+		al.Driver = dr
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("driver name `%s` have not registered", driverName)
+	}
+
+	al.Name = aliasName
+	al.DriverName = driverName
+	al.DB = &DB{
+		RWMutex:        new(sync.RWMutex),
+		DB:             db,
+		stmtDecorators: newStmtDecoratorLruWithEvict(),
+	}
+
+	detectTZ(al)
+
+	o := new(orm)
+	o.alias = al
+
+	if Debug {
+		o.db = newDbQueryLog(o.alias, db)
+	} else {
+		o.db = db
+	}
+
+	return o, nil
+}

pkg/orm/orm_conds.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ExprSep define the expression separation
+const (
+	ExprSep = "__"
+)
+
+type condValue struct {
+	exprs  []string
+	args   []interface{}
+	cond   *Condition
+	isOr   bool
+	isNot  bool
+	isCond bool
+	isRaw  bool
+	sql    string
+}
+
+// Condition struct.
+// work for WHERE conditions.
+type Condition struct {
+	params []condValue
+}
+
+// NewCondition return new condition struct
+func NewCondition() *Condition {
+	c := &Condition{}
+	return c
+}
+
+// Raw add raw sql to condition
+func (c Condition) Raw(expr string, sql string) *Condition {
+	if len(sql) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.Raw> sql cannot empty"))
+	}
+	c.params = append(c.params, condValue{exprs: strings.Split(expr, ExprSep), sql: sql, isRaw: true})
+	return &c
+}
+
+// And add expression to condition
+func (c Condition) And(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
+	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.And> args cannot empty"))
+	}
+	c.params = append(c.params, condValue{exprs: strings.Split(expr, ExprSep), args: args})
+	return &c
+}
+
+// AndNot add NOT expression to condition
+func (c Condition) AndNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
+	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.AndNot> args cannot empty"))
+	}
+	c.params = append(c.params, condValue{exprs: strings.Split(expr, ExprSep), args: args, isNot: true})
+	return &c
+}
+
+// AndCond combine a condition to current condition
+func (c *Condition) AndCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
+	c = c.clone()
+	if c == cond {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.AndCond> cannot use self as sub cond"))
+	}
+	if cond != nil {
+		c.params = append(c.params, condValue{cond: cond, isCond: true})
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// AndNotCond combine a AND NOT condition to current condition
+func (c *Condition) AndNotCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
+	c = c.clone()
+	if c == cond {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.AndNotCond> cannot use self as sub cond"))
+	}
+
+	if cond != nil {
+		c.params = append(c.params, condValue{cond: cond, isCond: true, isNot: true})
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// Or add OR expression to condition
+func (c Condition) Or(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
+	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.Or> args cannot empty"))
+	}
+	c.params = append(c.params, condValue{exprs: strings.Split(expr, ExprSep), args: args, isOr: true})
+	return &c
+}
+
+// OrNot add OR NOT expression to condition
+func (c Condition) OrNot(expr string, args ...interface{}) *Condition {
+	if expr == "" || len(args) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.OrNot> args cannot empty"))
+	}
+	c.params = append(c.params, condValue{exprs: strings.Split(expr, ExprSep), args: args, isNot: true, isOr: true})
+	return &c
+}
+
+// OrCond combine a OR condition to current condition
+func (c *Condition) OrCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
+	c = c.clone()
+	if c == cond {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.OrCond> cannot use self as sub cond"))
+	}
+	if cond != nil {
+		c.params = append(c.params, condValue{cond: cond, isCond: true, isOr: true})
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// OrNotCond combine a OR NOT condition to current condition
+func (c *Condition) OrNotCond(cond *Condition) *Condition {
+	c = c.clone()
+	if c == cond {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Condition.OrNotCond> cannot use self as sub cond"))
+	}
+
+	if cond != nil {
+		c.params = append(c.params, condValue{cond: cond, isCond: true, isNot: true, isOr: true})
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// IsEmpty check the condition arguments are empty or not.
+func (c *Condition) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return len(c.params) == 0
+}
+
+// clone clone a condition
+func (c Condition) clone() *Condition {
+	return &c
+}

pkg/orm/orm_log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Log implement the log.Logger
+type Log struct {
+	*log.Logger
+}
+
+//costomer log func
+var LogFunc func(query map[string]interface{})
+
+// NewLog set io.Writer to create a Logger.
+func NewLog(out io.Writer) *Log {
+	d := new(Log)
+	d.Logger = log.New(out, "[ORM]", log.LstdFlags)
+	return d
+}
+
+func debugLogQueies(alias *alias, operaton, query string, t time.Time, err error, args ...interface{}) {
+	var logMap = make(map[string]interface{})
+	sub := time.Now().Sub(t) / 1e5
+	elsp := float64(int(sub)) / 10.0
+	logMap["cost_time"] = elsp
+	flag := "  OK"
+	if err != nil {
+		flag = "FAIL"
+	}
+	logMap["flag"] = flag
+	con := fmt.Sprintf(" -[Queries/%s] - [%s / %11s / %7.1fms] - [%s]", alias.Name, flag, operaton, elsp, query)
+	cons := make([]string, 0, len(args))
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		cons = append(cons, fmt.Sprintf("%v", arg))
+	}
+	if len(cons) > 0 {
+		con += fmt.Sprintf(" - `%s`", strings.Join(cons, "`, `"))
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		con += " - " + err.Error()
+	}
+	logMap["sql"] = fmt.Sprintf("%s-`%s`", query, strings.Join(cons, "`, `"))
+	if LogFunc != nil{
+		LogFunc(logMap)
+	}
+	DebugLog.Println(con)
+}
+
+// statement query logger struct.
+// if dev mode, use stmtQueryLog, or use stmtQuerier.
+type stmtQueryLog struct {
+	alias *alias
+	query string
+	stmt  stmtQuerier
+}
+
+var _ stmtQuerier = new(stmtQueryLog)
+
+func (d *stmtQueryLog) Close() error {
+	a := time.Now()
+	err := d.stmt.Close()
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "st.Close", d.query, a, err)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *stmtQueryLog) Exec(args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.stmt.Exec(args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "st.Exec", d.query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *stmtQueryLog) Query(args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.stmt.Query(args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "st.Query", d.query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *stmtQueryLog) QueryRow(args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res := d.stmt.QueryRow(args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "st.QueryRow", d.query, a, nil, args...)
+	return res
+}
+
+func newStmtQueryLog(alias *alias, stmt stmtQuerier, query string) stmtQuerier {
+	d := new(stmtQueryLog)
+	d.stmt = stmt
+	d.alias = alias
+	d.query = query
+	return d
+}
+
+// database query logger struct.
+// if dev mode, use dbQueryLog, or use dbQuerier.
+type dbQueryLog struct {
+	alias *alias
+	db    dbQuerier
+	tx    txer
+	txe   txEnder
+}
+
+var _ dbQuerier = new(dbQueryLog)
+var _ txer = new(dbQueryLog)
+var _ txEnder = new(dbQueryLog)
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	stmt, err := d.db.Prepare(query)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Prepare", query, a, err)
+	return stmt, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) PrepareContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	stmt, err := d.db.PrepareContext(ctx, query)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Prepare", query, a, err)
+	return stmt, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.db.Exec(query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Exec", query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.db.ExecContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Exec", query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.db.Query(query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Query", query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res, err := d.db.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Query", query, a, err, args...)
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res := d.db.QueryRow(query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.QueryRow", query, a, nil, args...)
+	return res
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
+	a := time.Now()
+	res := d.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.QueryRow", query, a, nil, args...)
+	return res
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Begin() (*sql.Tx, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	tx, err := d.db.(txer).Begin()
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.Begin", "START TRANSACTION", a, err)
+	return tx, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) (*sql.Tx, error) {
+	a := time.Now()
+	tx, err := d.db.(txer).BeginTx(ctx, opts)
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "db.BeginTx", "START TRANSACTION", a, err)
+	return tx, err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Commit() error {
+	a := time.Now()
+	err := d.db.(txEnder).Commit()
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "tx.Commit", "COMMIT", a, err)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) Rollback() error {
+	a := time.Now()
+	err := d.db.(txEnder).Rollback()
+	debugLogQueies(d.alias, "tx.Rollback", "ROLLBACK", a, err)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (d *dbQueryLog) SetDB(db dbQuerier) {
+	d.db = db
+}
+
+func newDbQueryLog(alias *alias, db dbQuerier) dbQuerier {
+	d := new(dbQueryLog)
+	d.alias = alias
+	d.db = db
+	return d
+}

pkg/orm/orm_object.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// an insert queryer struct
+type insertSet struct {
+	mi     *modelInfo
+	orm    *orm
+	stmt   stmtQuerier
+	closed bool
+}
+
+var _ Inserter = new(insertSet)
+
+// insert model ignore it's registered or not.
+func (o *insertSet) Insert(md interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	if o.closed {
+		return 0, ErrStmtClosed
+	}
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(md)
+	ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
+	typ := ind.Type()
+	name := getFullName(typ)
+	if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Inserter.Insert> cannot use non-ptr model struct `%s`", name))
+	}
+	if name != o.mi.fullName {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<Inserter.Insert> need model `%s` but found `%s`", o.mi.fullName, name))
+	}
+	id, err := o.orm.alias.DbBaser.InsertStmt(o.stmt, o.mi, ind, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+	if err != nil {
+		return id, err
+	}
+	if id > 0 {
+		if o.mi.fields.pk.auto {
+			if o.mi.fields.pk.fieldType&IsPositiveIntegerField > 0 {
+				ind.FieldByIndex(o.mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetUint(uint64(id))
+			} else {
+				ind.FieldByIndex(o.mi.fields.pk.fieldIndex).SetInt(id)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+// close insert queryer statement
+func (o *insertSet) Close() error {
+	if o.closed {
+		return ErrStmtClosed
+	}
+	o.closed = true
+	return o.stmt.Close()
+}
+
+// create new insert queryer.
+func newInsertSet(orm *orm, mi *modelInfo) (Inserter, error) {
+	bi := new(insertSet)
+	bi.orm = orm
+	bi.mi = mi
+	st, query, err := orm.alias.DbBaser.PrepareInsert(orm.db, mi)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if Debug {
+		bi.stmt = newStmtQueryLog(orm.alias, st, query)
+	} else {
+		bi.stmt = st
+	}
+	return bi, nil
+}

pkg/orm/orm_querym2m.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import "reflect"
+
+// model to model struct
+type queryM2M struct {
+	md  interface{}
+	mi  *modelInfo
+	fi  *fieldInfo
+	qs  *querySet
+	ind reflect.Value
+}
+
+// add models to origin models when creating queryM2M.
+// example:
+// 	m2m := orm.QueryM2M(post,"Tag")
+// 	m2m.Add(&Tag1{},&Tag2{})
+//  for _,tag := range post.Tags{}
+//
+// make sure the relation is defined in post model struct tag.
+func (o *queryM2M) Add(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	fi := o.fi
+	mi := fi.relThroughModelInfo
+	mfi := fi.reverseFieldInfo
+	rfi := fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo
+
+	orm := o.qs.orm
+	dbase := orm.alias.DbBaser
+
+	var models []interface{}
+	var otherValues []interface{}
+	var otherNames []string
+
+	for _, colname := range mi.fields.dbcols {
+		if colname != mfi.column && colname != rfi.column && colname != fi.mi.fields.pk.column &&
+			mi.fields.columns[colname] != mi.fields.pk {
+			otherNames = append(otherNames, colname)
+		}
+	}
+	for i, md := range mds {
+		if reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(md)).Kind() != reflect.Struct && i > 0 {
+			otherValues = append(otherValues, md)
+			mds = append(mds[:i], mds[i+1:]...)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, md := range mds {
+		val := reflect.ValueOf(md)
+		if val.Kind() == reflect.Slice || val.Kind() == reflect.Array {
+			for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
+				v := val.Index(i)
+				if v.CanInterface() {
+					models = append(models, v.Interface())
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			models = append(models, md)
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, v1, exist := getExistPk(o.mi, o.ind)
+	if !exist {
+		panic(ErrMissPK)
+	}
+
+	names := []string{mfi.column, rfi.column}
+
+	values := make([]interface{}, 0, len(models)*2)
+	for _, md := range models {
+
+		ind := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(md))
+		var v2 interface{}
+		if ind.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			v2 = ind.Interface()
+		} else {
+			_, v2, exist = getExistPk(fi.relModelInfo, ind)
+			if !exist {
+				panic(ErrMissPK)
+			}
+		}
+		values = append(values, v1, v2)
+
+	}
+	names = append(names, otherNames...)
+	values = append(values, otherValues...)
+	return dbase.InsertValue(orm.db, mi, true, names, values)
+}
+
+// remove models following the origin model relationship
+func (o *queryM2M) Remove(mds ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	fi := o.fi
+	qs := o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md)
+
+	return qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo.name+ExprSep+"in", mds).Delete()
+}
+
+// check model is existed in relationship of origin model
+func (o *queryM2M) Exist(md interface{}) bool {
+	fi := o.fi
+	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).
+		Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfoTwo.name, md).Exist()
+}
+
+// clean all models in related of origin model
+func (o *queryM2M) Clear() (int64, error) {
+	fi := o.fi
+	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).Delete()
+}
+
+// count all related models of origin model
+func (o *queryM2M) Count() (int64, error) {
+	fi := o.fi
+	return o.qs.Filter(fi.reverseFieldInfo.name, o.md).Count()
+}
+
+var _ QueryM2Mer = new(queryM2M)
+
+// create new M2M queryer.
+func newQueryM2M(md interface{}, o *orm, mi *modelInfo, fi *fieldInfo, ind reflect.Value) QueryM2Mer {
+	qm2m := new(queryM2M)
+	qm2m.md = md
+	qm2m.mi = mi
+	qm2m.fi = fi
+	qm2m.ind = ind
+	qm2m.qs = newQuerySet(o, fi.relThroughModelInfo).(*querySet)
+	return qm2m
+}

pkg/orm/orm_queryset.go

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+type colValue struct {
+	value int64
+	opt   operator
+}
+
+type operator int
+
+// define Col operations
+const (
+	ColAdd operator = iota
+	ColMinus
+	ColMultiply
+	ColExcept
+	ColBitAnd
+	ColBitRShift
+	ColBitLShift
+	ColBitXOR
+	ColBitOr
+)
+
+// ColValue do the field raw changes. e.g Nums = Nums + 10. usage:
+// 	Params{
+// 		"Nums": ColValue(Col_Add, 10),
+// 	}
+func ColValue(opt operator, value interface{}) interface{} {
+	switch opt {
+	case ColAdd, ColMinus, ColMultiply, ColExcept, ColBitAnd, ColBitRShift,
+		ColBitLShift, ColBitXOR, ColBitOr:
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("orm.ColValue wrong operator"))
+	}
+	v, err := StrTo(ToStr(value)).Int64()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("orm.ColValue doesn't support non string/numeric type, %s", err))
+	}
+	var val colValue
+	val.value = v
+	val.opt = opt
+	return val
+}
+
+// real query struct
+type querySet struct {
+	mi         *modelInfo
+	cond       *Condition
+	related    []string
+	relDepth   int
+	limit      int64
+	offset     int64
+	groups     []string
+	orders     []string
+	distinct   bool
+	forupdate  bool
+	orm        *orm
+	ctx        context.Context
+	forContext bool
+}
+
+var _ QuerySeter = new(querySet)
+
+// add condition expression to QuerySeter.
+func (o querySet) Filter(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
+	if o.cond == nil {
+		o.cond = NewCondition()
+	}
+	o.cond = o.cond.And(expr, args...)
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add raw sql to querySeter.
+func (o querySet) FilterRaw(expr string, sql string) QuerySeter {
+	if o.cond == nil {
+		o.cond = NewCondition()
+	}
+	o.cond = o.cond.Raw(expr, sql)
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add NOT condition to querySeter.
+func (o querySet) Exclude(expr string, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
+	if o.cond == nil {
+		o.cond = NewCondition()
+	}
+	o.cond = o.cond.AndNot(expr, args...)
+	return &o
+}
+
+// set offset number
+func (o *querySet) setOffset(num interface{}) {
+	o.offset = ToInt64(num)
+}
+
+// add LIMIT value.
+// args[0] means offset, e.g. LIMIT num,offset.
+func (o querySet) Limit(limit interface{}, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
+	o.limit = ToInt64(limit)
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		o.setOffset(args[0])
+	}
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add OFFSET value
+func (o querySet) Offset(offset interface{}) QuerySeter {
+	o.setOffset(offset)
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add GROUP expression
+func (o querySet) GroupBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter {
+	o.groups = exprs
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add ORDER expression.
+// "column" means ASC, "-column" means DESC.
+func (o querySet) OrderBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter {
+	o.orders = exprs
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add DISTINCT to SELECT
+func (o querySet) Distinct() QuerySeter {
+	o.distinct = true
+	return &o
+}
+
+// add FOR UPDATE to SELECT
+func (o querySet) ForUpdate() QuerySeter {
+	o.forupdate = true
+	return &o
+}
+
+// set relation model to query together.
+// it will query relation models and assign to parent model.
+func (o querySet) RelatedSel(params ...interface{}) QuerySeter {
+	if len(params) == 0 {
+		o.relDepth = DefaultRelsDepth
+	} else {
+		for _, p := range params {
+			switch val := p.(type) {
+			case string:
+				o.related = append(o.related, val)
+			case int:
+				o.relDepth = val
+			default:
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<QuerySeter.RelatedSel> wrong param kind: %v", val))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return &o
+}
+
+// set condition to QuerySeter.
+func (o querySet) SetCond(cond *Condition) QuerySeter {
+	o.cond = cond
+	return &o
+}
+
+// get condition from QuerySeter
+func (o querySet) GetCond() *Condition {
+	return o.cond
+}
+
+// return QuerySeter execution result number
+func (o *querySet) Count() (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.Count(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// check result empty or not after QuerySeter executed
+func (o *querySet) Exist() bool {
+	cnt, _ := o.orm.alias.DbBaser.Count(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+// execute update with parameters
+func (o *querySet) Update(values Params) (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.UpdateBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, values, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// execute delete
+func (o *querySet) Delete() (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.DeleteBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// return a insert queryer.
+// it can be used in times.
+// example:
+// 	i,err := sq.PrepareInsert()
+// 	i.Add(&user1{},&user2{})
+func (o *querySet) PrepareInsert() (Inserter, error) {
+	return newInsertSet(o.orm, o.mi)
+}
+
+// query all data and map to containers.
+// cols means the columns when querying.
+func (o *querySet) All(container interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, container, o.orm.alias.TZ, cols)
+}
+
+// query one row data and map to containers.
+// cols means the columns when querying.
+func (o *querySet) One(container interface{}, cols ...string) error {
+	o.limit = 1
+	num, err := o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadBatch(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, container, o.orm.alias.TZ, cols)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if num == 0 {
+		return ErrNoRows
+	}
+
+	if num > 1 {
+		return ErrMultiRows
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// query all data and map to []map[string]interface.
+// expres means condition expression.
+// it converts data to []map[column]value.
+func (o *querySet) Values(results *[]Params, exprs ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, exprs, results, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// query all data and map to [][]interface
+// it converts data to [][column_index]value
+func (o *querySet) ValuesList(results *[]ParamsList, exprs ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, exprs, results, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// query all data and map to []interface.
+// it's designed for one row record set, auto change to []value, not [][column]value.
+func (o *querySet) ValuesFlat(result *ParamsList, expr string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReadValues(o.orm.db, o, o.mi, o.cond, []string{expr}, result, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+}
+
+// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to map[string]interface{}{
+// 	"total": 100,
+// 	"found": 200,
+// }
+func (o *querySet) RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	panic(ErrNotImplement)
+}
+
+// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to struct {
+// 	Total int
+// 	Found int
+// }
+func (o *querySet) RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	panic(ErrNotImplement)
+}
+
+// set context to QuerySeter.
+func (o querySet) WithContext(ctx context.Context) QuerySeter {
+	o.ctx = ctx
+	o.forContext = true
+	return &o
+}
+
+// create new QuerySeter.
+func newQuerySet(orm *orm, mi *modelInfo) QuerySeter {
+	o := new(querySet)
+	o.mi = mi
+	o.orm = orm
+	return o
+}

pkg/orm/orm_raw.go

@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// raw sql string prepared statement
+type rawPrepare struct {
+	rs     *rawSet
+	stmt   stmtQuerier
+	closed bool
+}
+
+func (o *rawPrepare) Exec(args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+	if o.closed {
+		return nil, ErrStmtClosed
+	}
+	return o.stmt.Exec(args...)
+}
+
+func (o *rawPrepare) Close() error {
+	o.closed = true
+	return o.stmt.Close()
+}
+
+func newRawPreparer(rs *rawSet) (RawPreparer, error) {
+	o := new(rawPrepare)
+	o.rs = rs
+
+	query := rs.query
+	rs.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	st, err := rs.orm.db.Prepare(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if Debug {
+		o.stmt = newStmtQueryLog(rs.orm.alias, st, query)
+	} else {
+		o.stmt = st
+	}
+	return o, nil
+}
+
+// raw query seter
+type rawSet struct {
+	query string
+	args  []interface{}
+	orm   *orm
+}
+
+var _ RawSeter = new(rawSet)
+
+// set args for every query
+func (o rawSet) SetArgs(args ...interface{}) RawSeter {
+	o.args = args
+	return &o
+}
+
+// execute raw sql and return sql.Result
+func (o *rawSet) Exec() (sql.Result, error) {
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+	return o.orm.db.Exec(query, args...)
+}
+
+// set field value to row container
+func (o *rawSet) setFieldValue(ind reflect.Value, value interface{}) {
+	switch ind.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.SetBool(false)
+		} else if v, ok := value.(bool); ok {
+			ind.SetBool(v)
+		} else {
+			v, _ := StrTo(ToStr(value)).Bool()
+			ind.SetBool(v)
+		}
+
+	case reflect.String:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.SetString("")
+		} else {
+			ind.SetString(ToStr(value))
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.SetInt(0)
+		} else {
+			val := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+			switch val.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+				ind.SetInt(val.Int())
+			case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+				ind.SetInt(int64(val.Uint()))
+			default:
+				v, _ := StrTo(ToStr(value)).Int64()
+				ind.SetInt(v)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.SetUint(0)
+		} else {
+			val := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+			switch val.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+				ind.SetUint(uint64(val.Int()))
+			case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+				ind.SetUint(val.Uint())
+			default:
+				v, _ := StrTo(ToStr(value)).Uint64()
+				ind.SetUint(v)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Float64, reflect.Float32:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.SetFloat(0)
+		} else {
+			val := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+			switch val.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Float64:
+				ind.SetFloat(val.Float())
+			default:
+				v, _ := StrTo(ToStr(value)).Float64()
+				ind.SetFloat(v)
+			}
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.Set(reflect.Zero(ind.Type()))
+			return
+		}
+		switch ind.Interface().(type) {
+		case time.Time:
+			var str string
+			switch d := value.(type) {
+			case time.Time:
+				o.orm.alias.DbBaser.TimeFromDB(&d, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+				ind.Set(reflect.ValueOf(d))
+			case []byte:
+				str = string(d)
+			case string:
+				str = d
+			}
+			if str != "" {
+				if len(str) >= 19 {
+					str = str[:19]
+					t, err := time.ParseInLocation(formatDateTime, str, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+					if err == nil {
+						t = t.In(DefaultTimeLoc)
+						ind.Set(reflect.ValueOf(t))
+					}
+				} else if len(str) >= 10 {
+					str = str[:10]
+					t, err := time.ParseInLocation(formatDate, str, DefaultTimeLoc)
+					if err == nil {
+						ind.Set(reflect.ValueOf(t))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case sql.NullString, sql.NullInt64, sql.NullFloat64, sql.NullBool:
+			indi := reflect.New(ind.Type()).Interface()
+			sc, ok := indi.(sql.Scanner)
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			err := sc.Scan(value)
+			if err == nil {
+				ind.Set(reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(sc)))
+			}
+		}
+
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if value == nil {
+			ind.Set(reflect.Zero(ind.Type()))
+			break
+		}
+		ind.Set(reflect.New(ind.Type().Elem()))
+		o.setFieldValue(reflect.Indirect(ind), value)
+	}
+}
+
+// set field value in loop for slice container
+func (o *rawSet) loopSetRefs(refs []interface{}, sInds []reflect.Value, nIndsPtr *[]reflect.Value, eTyps []reflect.Type, init bool) {
+	nInds := *nIndsPtr
+
+	cur := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(sInds); i++ {
+		sInd := sInds[i]
+		eTyp := eTyps[i]
+
+		typ := eTyp
+		isPtr := false
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			isPtr = true
+			typ = typ.Elem()
+		}
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			isPtr = true
+			typ = typ.Elem()
+		}
+
+		var nInd reflect.Value
+		if init {
+			nInd = reflect.New(sInd.Type()).Elem()
+		} else {
+			nInd = nInds[i]
+		}
+
+		val := reflect.New(typ)
+		ind := val.Elem()
+
+		tpName := ind.Type().String()
+
+		if ind.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			if tpName == "time.Time" {
+				value := reflect.ValueOf(refs[cur]).Elem().Interface()
+				if isPtr && value == nil {
+					val = reflect.New(val.Type()).Elem()
+				} else {
+					o.setFieldValue(ind, value)
+				}
+				cur++
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			value := reflect.ValueOf(refs[cur]).Elem().Interface()
+			if isPtr && value == nil {
+				val = reflect.New(val.Type()).Elem()
+			} else {
+				o.setFieldValue(ind, value)
+			}
+			cur++
+		}
+
+		if nInd.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+			if isPtr {
+				nInd = reflect.Append(nInd, val)
+			} else {
+				nInd = reflect.Append(nInd, ind)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if isPtr {
+				nInd.Set(val)
+			} else {
+				nInd.Set(ind)
+			}
+		}
+
+		nInds[i] = nInd
+	}
+}
+
+// query data and map to container
+func (o *rawSet) QueryRow(containers ...interface{}) error {
+	var (
+		refs  = make([]interface{}, 0, len(containers))
+		sInds []reflect.Value
+		eTyps []reflect.Type
+		sMi   *modelInfo
+	)
+	structMode := false
+	for _, container := range containers {
+		val := reflect.ValueOf(container)
+		ind := reflect.Indirect(val)
+
+		if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> all args must be use ptr"))
+		}
+
+		etyp := ind.Type()
+		typ := etyp
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			typ = typ.Elem()
+		}
+
+		sInds = append(sInds, ind)
+		eTyps = append(eTyps, etyp)
+
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Struct && typ.String() != "time.Time" {
+			if len(containers) > 1 {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> now support one struct only. see #384"))
+			}
+
+			structMode = true
+			fn := getFullName(typ)
+			if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(fn); ok {
+				sMi = mi
+			}
+		} else {
+			var ref interface{}
+			refs = append(refs, &ref)
+		}
+	}
+
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+	rows, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+			return ErrNoRows
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	if rows.Next() {
+		if structMode {
+			columns, err := rows.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			columnsMp := make(map[string]interface{}, len(columns))
+
+			refs = make([]interface{}, 0, len(columns))
+			for _, col := range columns {
+				var ref interface{}
+				columnsMp[col] = &ref
+				refs = append(refs, &ref)
+			}
+
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			ind := sInds[0]
+
+			if ind.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				if ind.IsNil() || !ind.IsValid() {
+					ind.Set(reflect.New(eTyps[0].Elem()))
+				}
+				ind = ind.Elem()
+			}
+
+			if sMi != nil {
+				for _, col := range columns {
+					if fi := sMi.fields.GetByColumn(col); fi != nil {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(columnsMp[col]).Elem().Interface()
+						field := ind.FieldByIndex(fi.fieldIndex)
+						if fi.fieldType&IsRelField > 0 {
+							mf := reflect.New(fi.relModelInfo.addrField.Elem().Type())
+							field.Set(mf)
+							field = mf.Elem().FieldByIndex(fi.relModelInfo.fields.pk.fieldIndex)
+						}
+						o.setFieldValue(field, value)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				for i := 0; i < ind.NumField(); i++ {
+					f := ind.Field(i)
+					fe := ind.Type().Field(i)
+					_, tags := parseStructTag(fe.Tag.Get(defaultStructTagName))
+					var col string
+					if col = tags["column"]; col == "" {
+						col = nameStrategyMap[nameStrategy](fe.Name)
+					}
+					if v, ok := columnsMp[col]; ok {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem().Interface()
+						o.setFieldValue(f, value)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
+			o.loopSetRefs(refs, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, true)
+			for i, sInd := range sInds {
+				nInd := nInds[i]
+				sInd.Set(nInd)
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		return ErrNoRows
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// query data rows and map to container
+func (o *rawSet) QueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
+	var (
+		refs  = make([]interface{}, 0, len(containers))
+		sInds []reflect.Value
+		eTyps []reflect.Type
+		sMi   *modelInfo
+	)
+	structMode := false
+	for _, container := range containers {
+		val := reflect.ValueOf(container)
+		sInd := reflect.Indirect(val)
+		if val.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || sInd.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRows> all args must be use ptr slice"))
+		}
+
+		etyp := sInd.Type().Elem()
+		typ := etyp
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			typ = typ.Elem()
+		}
+
+		sInds = append(sInds, sInd)
+		eTyps = append(eTyps, etyp)
+
+		if typ.Kind() == reflect.Struct && typ.String() != "time.Time" {
+			if len(containers) > 1 {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter.QueryRow> now support one struct only. see #384"))
+			}
+
+			structMode = true
+			fn := getFullName(typ)
+			if mi, ok := modelCache.getByFullName(fn); ok {
+				sMi = mi
+			}
+		} else {
+			var ref interface{}
+			refs = append(refs, &ref)
+		}
+	}
+
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+	rows, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	var cnt int64
+	nInds := make([]reflect.Value, len(sInds))
+	sInd := sInds[0]
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+
+		if structMode {
+			columns, err := rows.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			columnsMp := make(map[string]interface{}, len(columns))
+
+			refs = make([]interface{}, 0, len(columns))
+			for _, col := range columns {
+				var ref interface{}
+				columnsMp[col] = &ref
+				refs = append(refs, &ref)
+			}
+
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			if cnt == 0 && !sInd.IsNil() {
+				sInd.Set(reflect.New(sInd.Type()).Elem())
+			}
+
+			var ind reflect.Value
+			if eTyps[0].Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = reflect.New(eTyps[0].Elem())
+			} else {
+				ind = reflect.New(eTyps[0])
+			}
+
+			if ind.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = ind.Elem()
+			}
+
+			if sMi != nil {
+				for _, col := range columns {
+					if fi := sMi.fields.GetByColumn(col); fi != nil {
+						value := reflect.ValueOf(columnsMp[col]).Elem().Interface()
+						field := ind.FieldByIndex(fi.fieldIndex)
+						if fi.fieldType&IsRelField > 0 {
+							mf := reflect.New(fi.relModelInfo.addrField.Elem().Type())
+							field.Set(mf)
+							field = mf.Elem().FieldByIndex(fi.relModelInfo.fields.pk.fieldIndex)
+						}
+						o.setFieldValue(field, value)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// define recursive function
+				var recursiveSetField func(rv reflect.Value)
+				recursiveSetField = func(rv reflect.Value) {
+					for i := 0; i < rv.NumField(); i++ {
+						f := rv.Field(i)
+						fe := rv.Type().Field(i)
+
+						// check if the field is a Struct
+						// recursive the Struct type
+						if fe.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+							recursiveSetField(f)
+						}
+
+						_, tags := parseStructTag(fe.Tag.Get(defaultStructTagName))
+						var col string
+						if col = tags["column"]; col == "" {
+							col = nameStrategyMap[nameStrategy](fe.Name)
+						}
+						if v, ok := columnsMp[col]; ok {
+							value := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem().Interface()
+							o.setFieldValue(f, value)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				// init call the recursive function
+				recursiveSetField(ind)
+			}
+
+			if eTyps[0].Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				ind = ind.Addr()
+			}
+
+			sInd = reflect.Append(sInd, ind)
+
+		} else {
+			if err := rows.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+
+			o.loopSetRefs(refs, sInds, &nInds, eTyps, cnt == 0)
+		}
+
+		cnt++
+	}
+
+	if cnt > 0 {
+
+		if structMode {
+			sInds[0].Set(sInd)
+		} else {
+			for i, sInd := range sInds {
+				nInd := nInds[i]
+				sInd.Set(nInd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+func (o *rawSet) readValues(container interface{}, needCols []string) (int64, error) {
+	var (
+		maps  []Params
+		lists []ParamsList
+		list  ParamsList
+	)
+
+	typ := 0
+	switch container.(type) {
+	case *[]Params:
+		typ = 1
+	case *[]ParamsList:
+		typ = 2
+	case *ParamsList:
+		typ = 3
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter> unsupport read values type `%T`", container))
+	}
+
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+
+	var rs *sql.Rows
+	rs, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	defer rs.Close()
+
+	var (
+		refs   []interface{}
+		cnt    int64
+		cols   []string
+		indexs []int
+	)
+
+	for rs.Next() {
+		if cnt == 0 {
+			columns, err := rs.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			if len(needCols) > 0 {
+				indexs = make([]int, 0, len(needCols))
+			} else {
+				indexs = make([]int, 0, len(columns))
+			}
+
+			cols = columns
+			refs = make([]interface{}, len(cols))
+			for i := range refs {
+				var ref sql.NullString
+				refs[i] = &ref
+
+				if len(needCols) > 0 {
+					for _, c := range needCols {
+						if c == cols[i] {
+							indexs = append(indexs, i)
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					indexs = append(indexs, i)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := rs.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		switch typ {
+		case 1:
+			params := make(Params, len(cols))
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
+				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
+				if value.Valid {
+					params[cols[i]] = value.String
+				} else {
+					params[cols[i]] = nil
+				}
+			}
+			maps = append(maps, params)
+		case 2:
+			params := make(ParamsList, 0, len(cols))
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
+				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
+				if value.Valid {
+					params = append(params, value.String)
+				} else {
+					params = append(params, nil)
+				}
+			}
+			lists = append(lists, params)
+		case 3:
+			for _, i := range indexs {
+				ref := refs[i]
+				value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(ref)).Interface().(sql.NullString)
+				if value.Valid {
+					list = append(list, value.String)
+				} else {
+					list = append(list, nil)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		cnt++
+	}
+
+	switch v := container.(type) {
+	case *[]Params:
+		*v = maps
+	case *[]ParamsList:
+		*v = lists
+	case *ParamsList:
+		*v = list
+	}
+
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+func (o *rawSet) queryRowsTo(container interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	var (
+		maps Params
+		ind  *reflect.Value
+	)
+
+	var typ int
+	switch container.(type) {
+	case *Params:
+		typ = 1
+	default:
+		typ = 2
+		vl := reflect.ValueOf(container)
+		id := reflect.Indirect(vl)
+		if vl.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || id.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter> RowsTo unsupport type `%T` need ptr struct", container))
+		}
+
+		ind = &id
+	}
+
+	query := o.query
+	o.orm.alias.DbBaser.ReplaceMarks(&query)
+
+	args := getFlatParams(nil, o.args, o.orm.alias.TZ)
+
+	rs, err := o.orm.db.Query(query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	defer rs.Close()
+
+	var (
+		refs []interface{}
+		cnt  int64
+		cols []string
+	)
+
+	var (
+		keyIndex   = -1
+		valueIndex = -1
+	)
+
+	for rs.Next() {
+		if cnt == 0 {
+			columns, err := rs.Columns()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			cols = columns
+			refs = make([]interface{}, len(cols))
+			for i := range refs {
+				if keyCol == cols[i] {
+					keyIndex = i
+				}
+				if typ == 1 || keyIndex == i {
+					var ref sql.NullString
+					refs[i] = &ref
+				} else {
+					var ref interface{}
+					refs[i] = &ref
+				}
+				if valueCol == cols[i] {
+					valueIndex = i
+				}
+			}
+			if keyIndex == -1 || valueIndex == -1 {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("<RawSeter> RowsTo unknown key, value column name `%s: %s`", keyCol, valueCol))
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := rs.Scan(refs...); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		if cnt == 0 {
+			switch typ {
+			case 1:
+				maps = make(Params)
+			}
+		}
+
+		key := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(refs[keyIndex])).Interface().(sql.NullString).String
+
+		switch typ {
+		case 1:
+			value := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(refs[valueIndex])).Interface().(sql.NullString)
+			if value.Valid {
+				maps[key] = value.String
+			} else {
+				maps[key] = nil
+			}
+
+		default:
+			if id := ind.FieldByName(camelString(key)); id.IsValid() {
+				o.setFieldValue(id, reflect.ValueOf(refs[valueIndex]).Elem().Interface())
+			}
+		}
+
+		cnt++
+	}
+
+	if typ == 1 {
+		v, _ := container.(*Params)
+		*v = maps
+	}
+
+	return cnt, nil
+}
+
+// query data to []map[string]interface
+func (o *rawSet) Values(container *[]Params, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
+}
+
+// query data to [][]interface
+func (o *rawSet) ValuesList(container *[]ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
+}
+
+// query data to []interface
+func (o *rawSet) ValuesFlat(container *ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.readValues(container, cols)
+}
+
+// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to map[string]interface{}{
+// 	"total": 100,
+// 	"found": 200,
+// }
+func (o *rawSet) RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.queryRowsTo(result, keyCol, valueCol)
+}
+
+// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+// table data
+// name  | value
+// total | 100
+// found | 200
+// to struct {
+// 	Total int
+// 	Found int
+// }
+func (o *rawSet) RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error) {
+	return o.queryRowsTo(ptrStruct, keyCol, valueCol)
+}
+
+// return prepared raw statement for used in times.
+func (o *rawSet) Prepare() (RawPreparer, error) {
+	return newRawPreparer(o)
+}
+
+func newRawSet(orm *orm, query string, args []interface{}) RawSeter {
+	o := new(rawSet)
+	o.query = query
+	o.args = args
+	o.orm = orm
+	return o
+}

pkg/orm/qb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import "errors"
+
+// QueryBuilder is the Query builder interface
+type QueryBuilder interface {
+	Select(fields ...string) QueryBuilder
+	ForUpdate() QueryBuilder
+	From(tables ...string) QueryBuilder
+	InnerJoin(table string) QueryBuilder
+	LeftJoin(table string) QueryBuilder
+	RightJoin(table string) QueryBuilder
+	On(cond string) QueryBuilder
+	Where(cond string) QueryBuilder
+	And(cond string) QueryBuilder
+	Or(cond string) QueryBuilder
+	In(vals ...string) QueryBuilder
+	OrderBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Asc() QueryBuilder
+	Desc() QueryBuilder
+	Limit(limit int) QueryBuilder
+	Offset(offset int) QueryBuilder
+	GroupBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Having(cond string) QueryBuilder
+	Update(tables ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Set(kv ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Delete(tables ...string) QueryBuilder
+	InsertInto(table string, fields ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Values(vals ...string) QueryBuilder
+	Subquery(sub string, alias string) string
+	String() string
+}
+
+// NewQueryBuilder return the QueryBuilder
+func NewQueryBuilder(driver string) (qb QueryBuilder, err error) {
+	if driver == "mysql" {
+		qb = new(MySQLQueryBuilder)
+	} else if driver == "tidb" {
+		qb = new(TiDBQueryBuilder)
+	} else if driver == "postgres" {
+		err = errors.New("postgres query builder is not supported yet")
+	} else if driver == "sqlite" {
+		err = errors.New("sqlite query builder is not supported yet")
+	} else {
+		err = errors.New("unknown driver for query builder")
+	}
+	return
+}

pkg/orm/qb_mysql.go

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// CommaSpace is the separation
+const CommaSpace = ", "
+
+// MySQLQueryBuilder is the SQL build
+type MySQLQueryBuilder struct {
+	Tokens []string
+}
+
+// Select will join the fields
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Select(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "SELECT", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// ForUpdate add the FOR UPDATE clause
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) ForUpdate() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "FOR UPDATE")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// From join the tables
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) From(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "FROM", strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// InnerJoin INNER JOIN the table
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) InnerJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "INNER JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// LeftJoin LEFT JOIN the table
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) LeftJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "LEFT JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// RightJoin RIGHT JOIN the table
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) RightJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "RIGHT JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// On join with on cond
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) On(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ON", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Where join the Where cond
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Where(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "WHERE", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// And join the and cond
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) And(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "AND", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Or join the or cond
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Or(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "OR", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// In join the IN (vals)
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) In(vals ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "IN", "(", strings.Join(vals, CommaSpace), ")")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// OrderBy join the Order by fields
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) OrderBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ORDER BY", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Asc join the asc
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Asc() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ASC")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Desc join the desc
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Desc() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "DESC")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Limit join the limit num
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Limit(limit int) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "LIMIT", strconv.Itoa(limit))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Offset join the offset num
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Offset(offset int) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "OFFSET", strconv.Itoa(offset))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// GroupBy join the Group by fields
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) GroupBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "GROUP BY", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Having join the Having cond
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Having(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "HAVING", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Update join the update table
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Update(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "UPDATE", strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Set join the set kv
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Set(kv ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "SET", strings.Join(kv, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Delete join the Delete tables
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Delete(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "DELETE")
+	if len(tables) != 0 {
+		qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	}
+	return qb
+}
+
+// InsertInto join the insert SQL
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) InsertInto(table string, fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "INSERT INTO", table)
+	if len(fields) != 0 {
+		fieldsStr := strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace)
+		qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "(", fieldsStr, ")")
+	}
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Values join the Values(vals)
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Values(vals ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	valsStr := strings.Join(vals, CommaSpace)
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "VALUES", "(", valsStr, ")")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Subquery join the sub as alias
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) Subquery(sub string, alias string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("(%s) AS %s", sub, alias)
+}
+
+// String join all Tokens
+func (qb *MySQLQueryBuilder) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(qb.Tokens, " ")
+}

pkg/orm/qb_tidb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Copyright 2015 TiDB Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// TiDBQueryBuilder is the SQL build
+type TiDBQueryBuilder struct {
+	Tokens []string
+}
+
+// Select will join the fields
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Select(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "SELECT", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// ForUpdate add the FOR UPDATE clause
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) ForUpdate() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "FOR UPDATE")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// From join the tables
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) From(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "FROM", strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// InnerJoin INNER JOIN the table
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) InnerJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "INNER JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// LeftJoin LEFT JOIN the table
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) LeftJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "LEFT JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// RightJoin RIGHT JOIN the table
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) RightJoin(table string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "RIGHT JOIN", table)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// On join with on cond
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) On(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ON", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Where join the Where cond
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Where(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "WHERE", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// And join the and cond
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) And(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "AND", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Or join the or cond
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Or(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "OR", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// In join the IN (vals)
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) In(vals ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "IN", "(", strings.Join(vals, CommaSpace), ")")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// OrderBy join the Order by fields
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) OrderBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ORDER BY", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Asc join the asc
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Asc() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "ASC")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Desc join the desc
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Desc() QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "DESC")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Limit join the limit num
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Limit(limit int) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "LIMIT", strconv.Itoa(limit))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Offset join the offset num
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Offset(offset int) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "OFFSET", strconv.Itoa(offset))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// GroupBy join the Group by fields
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) GroupBy(fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "GROUP BY", strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Having join the Having cond
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Having(cond string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "HAVING", cond)
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Update join the update table
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Update(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "UPDATE", strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Set join the set kv
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Set(kv ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "SET", strings.Join(kv, CommaSpace))
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Delete join the Delete tables
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Delete(tables ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "DELETE")
+	if len(tables) != 0 {
+		qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, strings.Join(tables, CommaSpace))
+	}
+	return qb
+}
+
+// InsertInto join the insert SQL
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) InsertInto(table string, fields ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "INSERT INTO", table)
+	if len(fields) != 0 {
+		fieldsStr := strings.Join(fields, CommaSpace)
+		qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "(", fieldsStr, ")")
+	}
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Values join the Values(vals)
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Values(vals ...string) QueryBuilder {
+	valsStr := strings.Join(vals, CommaSpace)
+	qb.Tokens = append(qb.Tokens, "VALUES", "(", valsStr, ")")
+	return qb
+}
+
+// Subquery join the sub as alias
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) Subquery(sub string, alias string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("(%s) AS %s", sub, alias)
+}
+
+// String join all Tokens
+func (qb *TiDBQueryBuilder) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(qb.Tokens, " ")
+}

pkg/orm/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Driver define database driver
+type Driver interface {
+	Name() string
+	Type() DriverType
+}
+
+// Fielder define field info
+type Fielder interface {
+	String() string
+	FieldType() int
+	SetRaw(interface{}) error
+	RawValue() interface{}
+}
+
+// Ormer define the orm interface
+type Ormer interface {
+	// read data to model
+	// for example:
+	//	this will find User by Id field
+	// 	u = &User{Id: user.Id}
+	// 	err = Ormer.Read(u)
+	//	this will find User by UserName field
+	// 	u = &User{UserName: "astaxie", Password: "pass"}
+	//	err = Ormer.Read(u, "UserName")
+	Read(md interface{}, cols ...string) error
+	// Like Read(), but with "FOR UPDATE" clause, useful in transaction.
+	// Some databases are not support this feature.
+	ReadForUpdate(md interface{}, cols ...string) error
+	// Try to read a row from the database, or insert one if it doesn't exist
+	ReadOrCreate(md interface{}, col1 string, cols ...string) (bool, int64, error)
+	// insert model data to database
+	// for example:
+	//  user := new(User)
+	//  id, err = Ormer.Insert(user)
+	//  user must be a pointer and Insert will set user's pk field
+	Insert(interface{}) (int64, error)
+	// mysql:InsertOrUpdate(model) or InsertOrUpdate(model,"colu=colu+value")
+	// if colu type is integer : can use(+-*/), string : convert(colu,"value")
+	// postgres: InsertOrUpdate(model,"conflictColumnName") or InsertOrUpdate(model,"conflictColumnName","colu=colu+value")
+	// if colu type is integer : can use(+-*/), string : colu || "value"
+	InsertOrUpdate(md interface{}, colConflitAndArgs ...string) (int64, error)
+	// insert some models to database
+	InsertMulti(bulk int, mds interface{}) (int64, error)
+	// update model to database.
+	// cols set the columns those want to update.
+	// find model by Id(pk) field and update columns specified by fields, if cols is null then update all columns
+	// for example:
+	// user := User{Id: 2}
+	//	user.Langs = append(user.Langs, "zh-CN", "en-US")
+	//	user.Extra.Name = "beego"
+	//	user.Extra.Data = "orm"
+	//	num, err = Ormer.Update(&user, "Langs", "Extra")
+	Update(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// delete model in database
+	Delete(md interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// load related models to md model.
+	// args are limit, offset int and order string.
+	//
+	// example:
+	// 	Ormer.LoadRelated(post,"Tags")
+	// 	for _,tag := range post.Tags{...}
+	//args[0] bool true useDefaultRelsDepth ; false  depth 0
+	//args[0] int  loadRelationDepth
+	//args[1] int limit default limit 1000
+	//args[2] int offset default offset 0
+	//args[3] string order  for example : "-Id"
+	// make sure the relation is defined in model struct tags.
+	LoadRelated(md interface{}, name string, args ...interface{}) (int64, error)
+	// create a models to models queryer
+	// for example:
+	// 	post := Post{Id: 4}
+	// 	m2m := Ormer.QueryM2M(&post, "Tags")
+	QueryM2M(md interface{}, name string) QueryM2Mer
+	// return a QuerySeter for table operations.
+	// table name can be string or struct.
+	// e.g. QueryTable("user"), QueryTable(&user{}) or QueryTable((*User)(nil)),
+	QueryTable(ptrStructOrTableName interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// switch to another registered database driver by given name.
+	Using(name string) error
+	// begin transaction
+	// for example:
+	// 	o := NewOrm()
+	// 	err := o.Begin()
+	// 	...
+	// 	err = o.Rollback()
+	Begin() error
+	// begin transaction with provided context and option
+	// the provided context is used until the transaction is committed or rolled back.
+	// if the context is canceled, the transaction will be rolled back.
+	// the provided TxOptions is optional and may be nil if defaults should be used.
+	// if a non-default isolation level is used that the driver doesn't support, an error will be returned.
+	// for example:
+	//  o := NewOrm()
+	// 	err := o.BeginTx(context.Background(), &sql.TxOptions{Isolation: sql.LevelRepeatableRead})
+	//  ...
+	//  err = o.Rollback()
+	BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) error
+	// commit transaction
+	Commit() error
+	// rollback transaction
+	Rollback() error
+	// return a raw query seter for raw sql string.
+	// for example:
+	//	 ormer.Raw("UPDATE `user` SET `user_name` = ? WHERE `user_name` = ?", "slene", "testing").Exec()
+	//	// update user testing's name to slene
+	Raw(query string, args ...interface{}) RawSeter
+	Driver() Driver
+	DBStats() *sql.DBStats
+}
+
+// Inserter insert prepared statement
+type Inserter interface {
+	Insert(interface{}) (int64, error)
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// QuerySeter query seter
+type QuerySeter interface {
+	// add condition expression to QuerySeter.
+	// for example:
+	//	filter by UserName == 'slene'
+	//	qs.Filter("UserName", "slene")
+	//	sql : left outer join profile on t0.id1==t1.id2 where t1.age == 28
+	//	Filter("profile__Age", 28)
+	// 	 // time compare
+	//	qs.Filter("created", time.Now())
+	Filter(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// add raw sql to querySeter.
+	// for example:
+	// qs.FilterRaw("user_id IN (SELECT id FROM profile WHERE age>=18)")
+	// //sql-> WHERE user_id IN (SELECT id FROM profile WHERE age>=18)
+	FilterRaw(string, string) QuerySeter
+	// add NOT condition to querySeter.
+	// have the same usage as Filter
+	Exclude(string, ...interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// set condition to QuerySeter.
+	// sql's where condition
+	//	cond := orm.NewCondition()
+	//	cond1 := cond.And("profile__isnull", false).AndNot("status__in", 1).Or("profile__age__gt", 2000)
+	//	//sql-> WHERE T0.`profile_id` IS NOT NULL AND NOT T0.`Status` IN (?) OR T1.`age` >  2000
+	//	num, err := qs.SetCond(cond1).Count()
+	SetCond(*Condition) QuerySeter
+	// get condition from QuerySeter.
+	// sql's where condition
+	//  cond := orm.NewCondition()
+	//  cond = cond.And("profile__isnull", false).AndNot("status__in", 1)
+	//  qs = qs.SetCond(cond)
+	//  cond = qs.GetCond()
+	//  cond := cond.Or("profile__age__gt", 2000)
+	//  //sql-> WHERE T0.`profile_id` IS NOT NULL AND NOT T0.`Status` IN (?) OR T1.`age` >  2000
+	//  num, err := qs.SetCond(cond).Count()
+	GetCond() *Condition
+	// add LIMIT value.
+	// args[0] means offset, e.g. LIMIT num,offset.
+	// if Limit <= 0 then Limit will be set to default limit ,eg 1000
+	// if QuerySeter doesn't call Limit, the sql's Limit will be set to default limit, eg 1000
+	//  for example:
+	//	qs.Limit(10, 2)
+	//	// sql-> limit 10 offset 2
+	Limit(limit interface{}, args ...interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// add OFFSET value
+	// same as Limit function's args[0]
+	Offset(offset interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// add GROUP BY expression
+	// for example:
+	//	qs.GroupBy("id")
+	GroupBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter
+	// add ORDER expression.
+	// "column" means ASC, "-column" means DESC.
+	// for example:
+	//	qs.OrderBy("-status")
+	OrderBy(exprs ...string) QuerySeter
+	// set relation model to query together.
+	// it will query relation models and assign to parent model.
+	// for example:
+	//	// will load all related fields use left join .
+	// 	qs.RelatedSel().One(&user)
+	//	// will  load related field only profile
+	//	qs.RelatedSel("profile").One(&user)
+	//	user.Profile.Age = 32
+	RelatedSel(params ...interface{}) QuerySeter
+	// Set Distinct
+	// for example:
+	//  o.QueryTable("policy").Filter("Groups__Group__Users__User", user).
+	//    Distinct().
+	//    All(&permissions)
+	Distinct() QuerySeter
+	// set FOR UPDATE to query.
+	// for example:
+	//  o.QueryTable("user").Filter("uid", uid).ForUpdate().All(&users)
+	ForUpdate() QuerySeter
+	// return QuerySeter execution result number
+	// for example:
+	//	num, err = qs.Filter("profile__age__gt", 28).Count()
+	Count() (int64, error)
+	// check result empty or not after QuerySeter executed
+	// the same as QuerySeter.Count > 0
+	Exist() bool
+	// execute update with parameters
+	// for example:
+	//	num, err = qs.Filter("user_name", "slene").Update(Params{
+	//		"Nums": ColValue(Col_Minus, 50),
+	//	}) // user slene's Nums will minus 50
+	//	num, err = qs.Filter("UserName", "slene").Update(Params{
+	//		"user_name": "slene2"
+	//	}) // user slene's  name will change to slene2
+	Update(values Params) (int64, error)
+	// delete from table
+	//for example:
+	//	num ,err = qs.Filter("user_name__in", "testing1", "testing2").Delete()
+	// 	//delete two user  who's name is testing1 or testing2
+	Delete() (int64, error)
+	// return a insert queryer.
+	// it can be used in times.
+	// example:
+	// 	i,err := sq.PrepareInsert()
+	// 	num, err = i.Insert(&user1) // user table will add one record user1 at once
+	//	num, err = i.Insert(&user2) // user table will add one record user2 at once
+	//	err = i.Close() //don't forget call Close
+	PrepareInsert() (Inserter, error)
+	// query all data and map to containers.
+	// cols means the columns when querying.
+	// for example:
+	//	var users []*User
+	//	qs.All(&users) // users[0],users[1],users[2] ...
+	All(container interface{}, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query one row data and map to containers.
+	// cols means the columns when querying.
+	// for example:
+	//	var user User
+	//	qs.One(&user) //user.UserName == "slene"
+	One(container interface{}, cols ...string) error
+	// query all data and map to []map[string]interface.
+	// expres means condition expression.
+	// it converts data to []map[column]value.
+	// for example:
+	//	var maps []Params
+	//	qs.Values(&maps) //maps[0]["UserName"]=="slene"
+	Values(results *[]Params, exprs ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query all data and map to [][]interface
+	// it converts data to [][column_index]value
+	// for example:
+	//	var list []ParamsList
+	//	qs.ValuesList(&list) // list[0][1] == "slene"
+	ValuesList(results *[]ParamsList, exprs ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query all data and map to []interface.
+	// it's designed for one column record set, auto change to []value, not [][column]value.
+	// for example:
+	//	var list ParamsList
+	//	qs.ValuesFlat(&list, "UserName") // list[0] == "slene"
+	ValuesFlat(result *ParamsList, expr string) (int64, error)
+	// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+	// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+	// table data
+	// name  | value
+	// total | 100
+	// found | 200
+	// to map[string]interface{}{
+	// 	"total": 100,
+	// 	"found": 200,
+	// }
+	RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)
+	// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+	// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+	// table data
+	// name  | value
+	// total | 100
+	// found | 200
+	// to struct {
+	// 	Total int
+	// 	Found int
+	// }
+	RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)
+}
+
+// QueryM2Mer model to model query struct
+// all operations are on the m2m table only, will not affect the origin model table
+type QueryM2Mer interface {
+	// add models to origin models when creating queryM2M.
+	// example:
+	// 	m2m := orm.QueryM2M(post,"Tag")
+	// 	m2m.Add(&Tag1{},&Tag2{})
+	//  	for _,tag := range post.Tags{}{ ... }
+	// param could also be any of the follow
+	// 	[]*Tag{{Id:3,Name: "TestTag1"}, {Id:4,Name: "TestTag2"}}
+	//	&Tag{Id:5,Name: "TestTag3"}
+	//	[]interface{}{&Tag{Id:6,Name: "TestTag4"}}
+	// insert one or more rows to m2m table
+	// make sure the relation is defined in post model struct tag.
+	Add(...interface{}) (int64, error)
+	// remove models following the origin model relationship
+	// only delete rows from m2m table
+	// for example:
+	//tag3 := &Tag{Id:5,Name: "TestTag3"}
+	//num, err = m2m.Remove(tag3)
+	Remove(...interface{}) (int64, error)
+	// check model is existed in relationship of origin model
+	Exist(interface{}) bool
+	// clean all models in related of origin model
+	Clear() (int64, error)
+	// count all related models of origin model
+	Count() (int64, error)
+}
+
+// RawPreparer raw query statement
+type RawPreparer interface {
+	Exec(...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// RawSeter raw query seter
+// create From Ormer.Raw
+// for example:
+//  sql := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %sid%s,%sname%s FROM %suser%s WHERE id = ?",Q,Q,Q,Q,Q,Q)
+//  rs := Ormer.Raw(sql, 1)
+type RawSeter interface {
+	//execute sql and get result
+	Exec() (sql.Result, error)
+	//query data and map to container
+	//for example:
+	//	var name string
+	//	var id int
+	//	rs.QueryRow(&id,&name) // id==2 name=="slene"
+	QueryRow(containers ...interface{}) error
+
+	// query data rows and map to container
+	//	var ids []int
+	//	var names []int
+	//	query = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT 'id','name' FROM %suser%s", Q, Q)
+	//	num, err = dORM.Raw(query).QueryRows(&ids,&names) // ids=>{1,2},names=>{"nobody","slene"}
+	QueryRows(containers ...interface{}) (int64, error)
+	SetArgs(...interface{}) RawSeter
+	// query data to []map[string]interface
+	// see QuerySeter's Values
+	Values(container *[]Params, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query data to [][]interface
+	// see QuerySeter's ValuesList
+	ValuesList(container *[]ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query data to []interface
+	// see QuerySeter's ValuesFlat
+	ValuesFlat(container *ParamsList, cols ...string) (int64, error)
+	// query all rows into map[string]interface with specify key and value column name.
+	// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+	// table data
+	// name  | value
+	// total | 100
+	// found | 200
+	// to map[string]interface{}{
+	// 	"total": 100,
+	// 	"found": 200,
+	// }
+	RowsToMap(result *Params, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)
+	// query all rows into struct with specify key and value column name.
+	// keyCol = "name", valueCol = "value"
+	// table data
+	// name  | value
+	// total | 100
+	// found | 200
+	// to struct {
+	// 	Total int
+	// 	Found int
+	// }
+	RowsToStruct(ptrStruct interface{}, keyCol, valueCol string) (int64, error)
+
+	// return prepared raw statement for used in times.
+	// for example:
+	// 	pre, err := dORM.Raw("INSERT INTO tag (name) VALUES (?)").Prepare()
+	// 	r, err := pre.Exec("name1") // INSERT INTO tag (name) VALUES (`name1`)
+	Prepare() (RawPreparer, error)
+}
+
+// stmtQuerier statement querier
+type stmtQuerier interface {
+	Close() error
+	Exec(args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	//ExecContext(ctx context.Context, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	Query(args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	//QueryContext(args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	QueryRow(args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+	//QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+}
+
+// db querier
+type dbQuerier interface {
+	Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
+	PrepareContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
+	Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+	QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+}
+
+// type DB interface {
+// 	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
+// 	Prepare(query string) (stmtQuerier, error)
+// 	Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+// 	Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+// 	QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+// }
+
+// transaction beginner
+type txer interface {
+	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
+	BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) (*sql.Tx, error)
+}
+
+// transaction ending
+type txEnder interface {
+	Commit() error
+	Rollback() error
+}
+
+// base database struct
+type dbBaser interface {
+	Read(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location, []string, bool) error
+	Insert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	InsertOrUpdate(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *alias, ...string) (int64, error)
+	InsertMulti(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, int, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	InsertValue(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, bool, []string, []interface{}) (int64, error)
+	InsertStmt(stmtQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	Update(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location, []string) (int64, error)
+	Delete(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, reflect.Value, *time.Location, []string) (int64, error)
+	ReadBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, *time.Location, []string) (int64, error)
+	SupportUpdateJoin() bool
+	UpdateBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, Params, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	DeleteBatch(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	Count(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	OperatorSQL(string) string
+	GenerateOperatorSQL(*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, string, []interface{}, *time.Location) (string, []interface{})
+	GenerateOperatorLeftCol(*fieldInfo, string, *string)
+	PrepareInsert(dbQuerier, *modelInfo) (stmtQuerier, string, error)
+	ReadValues(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, []string, interface{}, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	RowsTo(dbQuerier, *querySet, *modelInfo, *Condition, interface{}, string, string, *time.Location) (int64, error)
+	MaxLimit() uint64
+	TableQuote() string
+	ReplaceMarks(*string)
+	HasReturningID(*modelInfo, *string) bool
+	TimeFromDB(*time.Time, *time.Location)
+	TimeToDB(*time.Time, *time.Location)
+	DbTypes() map[string]string
+	GetTables(dbQuerier) (map[string]bool, error)
+	GetColumns(dbQuerier, string) (map[string][3]string, error)
+	ShowTablesQuery() string
+	ShowColumnsQuery(string) string
+	IndexExists(dbQuerier, string, string) bool
+	collectFieldValue(*modelInfo, *fieldInfo, reflect.Value, bool, *time.Location) (interface{}, error)
+	setval(dbQuerier, *modelInfo, []string) error
+}

pkg/orm/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type fn func(string) string
+
+var (
+	nameStrategyMap = map[string]fn{
+		defaultNameStrategy:      snakeString,
+		SnakeAcronymNameStrategy: snakeStringWithAcronym,
+	}
+	defaultNameStrategy      = "snakeString"
+	SnakeAcronymNameStrategy = "snakeStringWithAcronym"
+	nameStrategy             = defaultNameStrategy
+)
+
+// StrTo is the target string
+type StrTo string
+
+// Set string
+func (f *StrTo) Set(v string) {
+	if v != "" {
+		*f = StrTo(v)
+	} else {
+		f.Clear()
+	}
+}
+
+// Clear string
+func (f *StrTo) Clear() {
+	*f = StrTo(0x1E)
+}
+
+// Exist check string exist
+func (f StrTo) Exist() bool {
+	return string(f) != string(0x1E)
+}
+
+// Bool string to bool
+func (f StrTo) Bool() (bool, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseBool(f.String())
+}
+
+// Float32 string to float32
+func (f StrTo) Float32() (float32, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(f.String(), 32)
+	return float32(v), err
+}
+
+// Float64 string to float64
+func (f StrTo) Float64() (float64, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseFloat(f.String(), 64)
+}
+
+// Int string to int
+func (f StrTo) Int() (int, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 32)
+	return int(v), err
+}
+
+// Int8 string to int8
+func (f StrTo) Int8() (int8, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 8)
+	return int8(v), err
+}
+
+// Int16 string to int16
+func (f StrTo) Int16() (int16, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 16)
+	return int16(v), err
+}
+
+// Int32 string to int32
+func (f StrTo) Int32() (int32, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 32)
+	return int32(v), err
+}
+
+// Int64 string to int64
+func (f StrTo) Int64() (int64, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(f.String(), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		i := new(big.Int)
+		ni, ok := i.SetString(f.String(), 10) // octal
+		if !ok {
+			return v, err
+		}
+		return ni.Int64(), nil
+	}
+	return v, err
+}
+
+// Uint string to uint
+func (f StrTo) Uint() (uint, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 32)
+	return uint(v), err
+}
+
+// Uint8 string to uint8
+func (f StrTo) Uint8() (uint8, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 8)
+	return uint8(v), err
+}
+
+// Uint16 string to uint16
+func (f StrTo) Uint16() (uint16, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 16)
+	return uint16(v), err
+}
+
+// Uint32 string to uint32
+func (f StrTo) Uint32() (uint32, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 32)
+	return uint32(v), err
+}
+
+// Uint64 string to uint64
+func (f StrTo) Uint64() (uint64, error) {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseUint(f.String(), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		i := new(big.Int)
+		ni, ok := i.SetString(f.String(), 10)
+		if !ok {
+			return v, err
+		}
+		return ni.Uint64(), nil
+	}
+	return v, err
+}
+
+// String string to string
+func (f StrTo) String() string {
+	if f.Exist() {
+		return string(f)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ToStr interface to string
+func ToStr(value interface{}, args ...int) (s string) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		s = strconv.FormatBool(v)
+	case float32:
+		s = strconv.FormatFloat(float64(v), 'f', argInt(args).Get(0, -1), argInt(args).Get(1, 32))
+	case float64:
+		s = strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', argInt(args).Get(0, -1), argInt(args).Get(1, 64))
+	case int:
+		s = strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case int8:
+		s = strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case int16:
+		s = strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case int32:
+		s = strconv.FormatInt(int64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case int64:
+		s = strconv.FormatInt(v, argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case uint:
+		s = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case uint8:
+		s = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case uint16:
+		s = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case uint32:
+		s = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case uint64:
+		s = strconv.FormatUint(v, argInt(args).Get(0, 10))
+	case string:
+		s = v
+	case []byte:
+		s = string(v)
+	default:
+		s = fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// ToInt64 interface to int64
+func ToInt64(value interface{}) (d int64) {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+	switch value.(type) {
+	case int, int8, int16, int32, int64:
+		d = val.Int()
+	case uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64:
+		d = int64(val.Uint())
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("ToInt64 need numeric not `%T`", value))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func snakeStringWithAcronym(s string) string {
+	data := make([]byte, 0, len(s)*2)
+	num := len(s)
+	for i := 0; i < num; i++ {
+		d := s[i]
+		before := false
+		after := false
+		if i > 0 {
+			before = s[i-1] >= 'a' && s[i-1] <= 'z'
+		}
+		if i+1 < num {
+			after = s[i+1] >= 'a' && s[i+1] <= 'z'
+		}
+		if i > 0 && d >= 'A' && d <= 'Z' && (before || after) {
+			data = append(data, '_')
+		}
+		data = append(data, d)
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(string(data[:]))
+}
+
+// snake string, XxYy to xx_yy , XxYY to xx_y_y
+func snakeString(s string) string {
+	data := make([]byte, 0, len(s)*2)
+	j := false
+	num := len(s)
+	for i := 0; i < num; i++ {
+		d := s[i]
+		if i > 0 && d >= 'A' && d <= 'Z' && j {
+			data = append(data, '_')
+		}
+		if d != '_' {
+			j = true
+		}
+		data = append(data, d)
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(string(data[:]))
+}
+
+// SetNameStrategy set different name strategy
+func SetNameStrategy(s string) {
+	if SnakeAcronymNameStrategy != s {
+		nameStrategy = defaultNameStrategy
+	}
+	nameStrategy = s
+}
+
+// camel string, xx_yy to XxYy
+func camelString(s string) string {
+	data := make([]byte, 0, len(s))
+	flag, num := true, len(s)-1
+	for i := 0; i <= num; i++ {
+		d := s[i]
+		if d == '_' {
+			flag = true
+			continue
+		} else if flag {
+			if d >= 'a' && d <= 'z' {
+				d = d - 32
+			}
+			flag = false
+		}
+		data = append(data, d)
+	}
+	return string(data[:])
+}
+
+type argString []string
+
+// get string by index from string slice
+func (a argString) Get(i int, args ...string) (r string) {
+	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
+		r = a[i]
+	} else if len(args) > 0 {
+		r = args[0]
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type argInt []int
+
+// get int by index from int slice
+func (a argInt) Get(i int, args ...int) (r int) {
+	if i >= 0 && i < len(a) {
+		r = a[i]
+	}
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		r = args[0]
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// parse time to string with location
+func timeParse(dateString, format string) (time.Time, error) {
+	tp, err := time.ParseInLocation(format, dateString, DefaultTimeLoc)
+	return tp, err
+}
+
+// get pointer indirect type
+func indirectType(v reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		return indirectType(v.Elem())
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}

pkg/orm/utils_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2014 beego Author. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package orm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCamelString(t *testing.T) {
+	snake := []string{"pic_url", "hello_world_", "hello__World", "_HelLO_Word", "pic_url_1", "pic_url__1"}
+	camel := []string{"PicUrl", "HelloWorld", "HelloWorld", "HelLOWord", "PicUrl1", "PicUrl1"}
+
+	answer := make(map[string]string)
+	for i, v := range snake {
+		answer[v] = camel[i]
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range snake {
+		res := camelString(v)
+		if res != answer[v] {
+			t.Error("Unit Test Fail:", v, res, answer[v])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSnakeString(t *testing.T) {
+	camel := []string{"PicUrl", "HelloWorld", "HelloWorld", "HelLOWord", "PicUrl1", "XyXX"}
+	snake := []string{"pic_url", "hello_world", "hello_world", "hel_l_o_word", "pic_url1", "xy_x_x"}
+
+	answer := make(map[string]string)
+	for i, v := range camel {
+		answer[v] = snake[i]
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range camel {
+		res := snakeString(v)
+		if res != answer[v] {
+			t.Error("Unit Test Fail:", v, res, answer[v])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSnakeStringWithAcronym(t *testing.T) {
+	camel := []string{"ID", "PicURL", "HelloWorld", "HelloWorld", "HelLOWord", "PicUrl1", "XyXX"}
+	snake := []string{"id", "pic_url", "hello_world", "hello_world", "hel_lo_word", "pic_url1", "xy_xx"}
+
+	answer := make(map[string]string)
+	for i, v := range camel {
+		answer[v] = snake[i]
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range camel {
+		res := snakeStringWithAcronym(v)
+		if res != answer[v] {
+			t.Error("Unit Test Fail:", v, res, answer[v])
+		}
+	}
+}