mirror of
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979 lines
31 KiB
Markdown
979 lines
31 KiB
Markdown
# Quick start
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Hey, you say you've never heard about Beego and don't know how to use it? Don't worry, after you read this section, you will know a lot about Beego. Before you start reading, make sure you installed Beego in your computer, if not, check this tutorial: [Installation](Install.md)
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**Navigation**
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- [Hello world](#hello-world)
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- [New project](#new-project)
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- [Development mode](#development-mode)
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- [Router](#router)
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- [Static files](#static-files)
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- [Filter and middleware](#filter-and-middleware)
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- [Controller](#controller)
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- [Template](#-8)
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- [Handle request](#request)
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- [Redirect and error](#-15)
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- [Handle response](#response)
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- [Sessions](#sessions)
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- [Cache](#cache)
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- [Safe map](#map)
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- [Log](#-16)
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- [Configuration](#-17)
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- [Beego arguments](#-18)
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- [Integrated third-party applications](#-19)
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- [Deployment](#-20)
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## Hello world
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This is an example of "Hello world" in Beego:
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package main
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import (
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"github.com/astaxie/beego"
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)
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type MainController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *MainController) Get() {
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this.Ctx.WriteString("hello world")
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}
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func main() {
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beego.Router("/", &MainController{})
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beego.Run()
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}
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Save file as "hello.go", build and run it:
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$ go build main.go
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$ ./hello
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Open address [http://127.0.0.1:8080](http://127.0.0.1:8080) in your browser and you will see "hello world".
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What happened in behind above example?
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1. We import package `github.com/astaxie/beego`. As we know that Go initialize packages and runs init() function in every package(more detail [here](https://github.com/Unknwon/build-web-application-with-golang_EN/blob/master/eBook/02.3.md#main-function-and-init-function)), so Beego initializes the BeeApp application at this time.
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2. Define controller. We define a struct called `MainController` with a anonymous field `beego.Controller`, so the `MainController` has all methods that `beego.Controller` has.
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3. Define RESTful methods. Once we use anonymous combination, `MainController` has already had `Get`, `Post`, `Delete`, `Put` and other methods, these methods will be called when user sends corresponding request, like `Post` method for requests that are using POST method. Therefore, after we overloaded `Get` method in `MainController`, all GET requests will use `Get` method in `MainController` instead of in `beego.Controller`.
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4. Define main function. All applications in Go use main function as entry point as C does.
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5. Register routers, it tells Beego which controller is responsibility for specific requests. Here we register `/` for `MainController`, so all requests in `/` will be handed to `MainController`. Be aware that the first argument is the path and the second one is pointer of controller that you want to register.
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6. Run application in port 8080 as default, press `Ctrl+c` to exit.
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## New project
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Get into your $GOPATH, then use following command to setup Beego project:
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bee create hello
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It generates folders and files for your project, directory structure as follows:
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.
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├── conf
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│ └── app.conf
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├── controllers
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│ └── default.go
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├── main.go
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├── models
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├── static
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│ ├── css
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│ ├── img
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│ └── js
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└── views
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└── index.tpl
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## Development mode
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Beego uses development mode as default, you can use following code to change mode in your application:
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beego.RunMode = "pro"
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Or use configuration file in `conf/app.conf`, and input following content:
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runmode = pro
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No differences between two ways.
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In development mode, you have following effects:
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- If you don't have directory `views`, it prints following error prompt:
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2013/04/13 19:36:17 [W] [stat views: no such file or directory]
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- It doesn't cache template and reload every time.
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- If panic occurs in your server, it prints information like following screen shot:
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![](images/dev.png)
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## Router
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The main function of router is to connect request URL and handler. Beego wrapped `Controller`, so it connects request URL and `ControllerInterface`. The `ControllerInterface` has following methods:
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type ControllerInterface interface {
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Init(ct *Context, cn string)
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Prepare()
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Get()
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Post()
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Delete()
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Put()
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Head()
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Patch()
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Options()
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Finish()
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Render() error
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}
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`beego.Controller` implemented all of them, so you just use this struct as anonymous field in your controller struct. Of course you have to overload corresponding methods for more specific usages.
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Users can use following ways to register route rules:
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beego.Router("/", &controllers.MainController{})
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beego.Router("/admin", &admin.UserController{})
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beego.Router("/admin/index", &admin.ArticleController{})
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beego.Router("/admin/addpkg", &admin.AddController{})
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For more convenient configure route rules, Beego references the idea from sinatra, so it supports more kinds of route rules as follows:
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- beego.Router("/api/:id([0-9]+)", &controllers.RController{})
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Customized regular expression match // match /api/123 :id= 123
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- beego.Router("/news/:all", &controllers.RController{})
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Match rest of all // match /news/path/to/123.html :all= path/to/123.html
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- beego.Router("/user/:username([\w]+)", &controllers.RController{})
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Regular expression // match /user/astaxie :username = astaxie
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- beego.Router("/download/`*`.`*`", &controllers.RController{})
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Wildcard character // match /download/file/api.xml :path= file/api :ext=xml
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- beego.Router("/download/ceshi/`*`", &controllers.RController{})
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wildcard character match rest of all // match /download/ceshi/file/api.json :splat=file/api.json
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- beego.Router("/:id:int", &controllers.RController{})
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Match type int // match :id is int type, Beego uses regular expression ([0-9]+) automatically
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- beego.Router("/:hi:string", &controllers.RController{})
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Match type string // match :hi is string type, Beego uses regular expression ([\w]+) automatically
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##Static files
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Go provides `http.ServeFile` for static files, Beego wrapped this function and use following way to register static file folder:
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beego.SetStaticPath("/static","public")
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- The first argument is the path of your URL.
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- The second argument is the directory in your application path.
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Beego supports multiple static file directories as follows:
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beego.SetStaticPath("/images","images")
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beego.SetStaticPath("/css","css")
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beego.SetStaticPath("/js","js")
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After you setting static directory, when users visit `/images/login/login.png`,Beego accesses `images/login/login.png` in related to your application directory. One more example, if users visit `/static/img/logo.png`, Beego accesses file `public/img/logo.png`.
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##Filter and middleware
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Beego supports customized filter and middleware, such as security verification, force redirect, etc.
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Here is an example of verify user name of all requests, check if it's admin.
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var FilterUser = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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if r.URL.User == nil || r.URL.User.Username() != "admin" {
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http.Error(w, "", http.StatusUnauthorized)
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}
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}
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beego.Filter(FilterUser)
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You can also filter by arguments:
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beego.Router("/:id([0-9]+)", &admin.EditController{})
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beego.FilterParam("id", func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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dosomething()
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})
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Filter by prefix is also available:
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beego.FilterPrefixPath("/admin", func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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dosomething()
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})
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##Controller
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Use `beego.controller` as anonymous in your controller struct to implement the interface in Beego:
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type xxxController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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`beego.Controller` implemented`beego.ControllerInterface`, `beego.ControllerInterface` defined following methods:
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- Init(ct `*`Context, cn string)
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Initialize context, controller's name, template's name, and container of template arguments
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- Prepare()
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This is for expend usages, it executes before all the following methods. Users can overload this method for verification for example.
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- Get()
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This method executes when client sends request as GET method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of GET method.
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- Post()
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This method executes when client sends request as POST method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of POST method.
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- Delete()
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This method executes when client sends request as DELETE method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of DELETE method.
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- Put()
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This method executes when client sends request as PUT method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of PUT method.
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- Head()
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This method executes when client sends request as HEAD method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of HEAD method.
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- Patch()
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This method executes when client sends request as PATCH method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of PATCH method.
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- Options()
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This method executes when client sends request as OPTIONS method, 403 as default status code. Users overload this method for customized handle process of OPTIONS method.
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- Finish()
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This method executes after corresponding method finished, empty as default. User overload this method for more usages like close database, clean data, etc.
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- Render() error
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This method is for rendering template, it executes automatically when you set beego.AutoRender to true.
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Overload all methods for all customized logic processes, let's see an example:
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type AddController struct {
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beego.Controller
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}
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func (this *AddController) Prepare() {
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}
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func (this *AddController) Get() {
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this.Data["content"] ="value"
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this.Layout = "admin/layout.html"
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this.TplNames = "admin/add.tpl"
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}
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func (this *AddController) Post() {
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pkgname := this.GetString("pkgname")
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content := this.GetString("content")
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pk := models.GetCruPkg(pkgname)
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if pk.Id == 0 {
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var pp models.PkgEntity
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pp.Pid = 0
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pp.Pathname = pkgname
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pp.Intro = pkgname
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models.InsertPkg(pp)
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pk = models.GetCruPkg(pkgname)
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}
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var at models.Article
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at.Pkgid = pk.Id
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at.Content = content
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models.InsertArticle(at)
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this.Ctx.Redirect(302, "/admin/index")
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}
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## 模板处理
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### 模板目录
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beego中默认的模板目录是`views`,用户可以把你的模板文件放到该目录下,beego会自动在该目录下的所有模板文件进行解析并缓存,开发模式下会每次重新解析,不做缓存。当然用户可以通过如下的方式改变模板的目录:
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beego.ViewsPath = "/myviewpath"
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### 自动渲染
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beego中用户无需手动的调用渲染输出模板,beego会自动的在调用玩相应的method方法之后调用Render函数,当然如果你的应用是不需要模板输出的,那么你可以在配置文件或者在main.go中设置关闭自动渲染。
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配置文件配置如下:
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autorender = false
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main.go文件中设置如下:
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beego.AutoRender = false
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### 模板数据
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模板中的数据是通过在Controller中`this.Data`获取的,所以如果你想在模板中获取内容`{{.Content}}`,那么你需要在Controller中如下设置:
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this.Data["Context"] = "value"
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### 模板名称
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beego采用了Go语言内置的模板引擎,所有模板的语法和Go的一模一样,至于如何写模板文件,详细的请参考[模板教程](https://github.com/astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang/blob/master/ebook/07.4.md)。
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用户通过在Controller的对应方法中设置相应的模板名称,beego会自动的在viewpath目录下查询该文件并渲染,例如下面的设置,beego会在admin下面找add.tpl文件进行渲染:
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this.TplNames = "admin/add.tpl"
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我们看到上面的模板后缀名是tpl,beego默认情况下支持tpl和html后缀名的模板文件,如果你的后缀名不是这两种,请进行如下设置:
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beego.AddTemplateExt("你文件的后缀名")
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当你设置了自动渲染,然后在你的Controller中没有设置任何的TplNames,那么beego会自动设置你的模板文件如下:
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c.TplNames = c.ChildName + "/" + c.Ctx.Request.Method + "." + c.TplExt
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也就是你对应的Controller名字+请求方法名.模板后缀,也就是如果你的Controller名是`AddController`,请求方法是`POST`,默认的文件后缀是`tpl`,那么就会默认请求`/viewpath/AddController/POST.tpl`文件。
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### lauout设计
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beego支持layout设计,例如你在管理系统中,其实整个的管理界面是固定的,支会变化中间的部分,那么你可以通过如下的设置:
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this.Layout = "admin/layout.html"
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this.TplNames = "admin/add.tpl"
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在layout.html中你必须设置如下的变量:
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{{.LayoutContent}}
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beego就会首先解析TplNames指定的文件,获取内容赋值给LayoutContent,然后最后渲染layout.html文件。
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目前采用首先把目录下所有的文件进行缓存,所以用户还可以通过类似这样的方式实现layout:
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{{template "header.html"}}
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处理逻辑
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{{template "footer.html"}}
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### 模板函数
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beego支持用户定义模板函数,但是必须在`beego.Run()`调用之前,设置如下:
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func hello(in string)(out string){
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out = in + "world"
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return
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}
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beego.AddFuncMap("hi",hello)
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定义之后你就可以在模板中这样使用了:
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{{.Content | hi}}
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目前beego内置的模板函数有如下:
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* markdown
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实现了把markdown文本转化为html信息,使用方法{{markdown .Content}}
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* dateformat
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实现了时间的格式化,返回字符串,使用方法{{dateformat .Time "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"}}
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* date
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实现了类似PHP的date函数,可以很方便的根据字符串返回时间,使用方法{{date .T "Y-m-d H:i:s"}}
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* compare
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实现了比较两个对象的比较,如果相同返回true,否者false,使用方法{{compare .A .B}}
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* substr
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实现了字符串的截取,支持中文截取的完美截取,使用方法{{substr .Str 0 30}}
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* html2str
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实现了把html转化为字符串,剔除一些script、css之类的元素,返回纯文本信息,使用方法{{html2str .Htmlinfo}}
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* str2html
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实现了把相应的字符串当作HTML来输出,不转义,使用方法{{str2html .Strhtml}}
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* htmlquote
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实现了基本的html字符转义,使用方法{{htmlquote .quote}}
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* htmlunquote
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实现了基本的反转移字符,使用方法{{htmlunquote .unquote}}
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## request处理
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我们经常需要获取用户传递的数据,包括Get、POST等方式的请求,beego里面会自动解析这些数据,你可以通过如下方式获取数据
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- GetString(key string) string
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- GetInt(key string) (int64, error)
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- GetBool(key string) (bool, error)
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使用例子如下:
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func (this *MainController) Post() {
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jsoninfo := this.GetString("jsoninfo")
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if jsoninfo == "" {
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this.Ctx.WriteString("jsoninfo is empty")
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return
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}
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}
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如果你需要的数据可能是其他类型的,例如是int类型而不是int64,那么你需要这样处理:
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func (this *MainController) Post() {
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id := this.Input().Get("id")
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intid, err := strconv.Atoi(id)
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}
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更多其他的request的信息,用户可以通过`this.Ctx.Request`获取信息,关于该对象的属性和方法参考手册[Request](http://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#Request)
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### 文件上传
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在beego中你可以很容易的处理文件上传,就是别忘记在你的form表单中增加这个属性`enctype="multipart/form-data"`,否者你的浏览器不会传输你的上传文件。
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文件上传之后一般是放在系统的内存里面,如果文件的size大于设置的缓存内存大小,那么就放在临时文件中,默认的缓存内存是64M,你可以通过如下来调整这个缓存内存大小:
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beego.MaxMemory = 1<<22
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或者在配置文件中通过如下设置
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maxmemory = 1<<22
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beego提供了两个很方便的方法来处理文件上传:
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- GetFile(key string) (multipart.File, *multipart.FileHeader, error)
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该方法主要用于用户读取表单中的文件名`the_file`,然后返回相应的信息,用户根据这些变量来处理文件上传:过滤、保存文件等。
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- SaveToFile(fromfile, tofile string) error
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该方法是在GetFile的基础上实现了快速保存的功能
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保存的代码例子如下:
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func (this *MainController) Post() {
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this.SaveToFile("the_file","/var/www/uploads/uploaded_file.txt"")
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}
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### JSON和XML输出
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beego当初设计的时候就考虑了API功能的设计,而我们在设计API的时候经常是输出JSON或者XML数据,那么beego提供了这样的方式直接输出:
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JSON数据直接输出,设置`content-type`为`application/json`:
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func (this *AddController) Get() {
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mystruct := { ... }
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this.Data["json"] = &mystruct
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this.ServeJson()
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}
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XML数据直接输出,设置`content-type`为`application/xml`:
|
||
|
||
func (this *AddController) Get() {
|
||
mystruct := { ... }
|
||
this.Data["xml"]=&mystruct
|
||
this.ServeXml()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
## 跳转和错误
|
||
我们在做Web开发的时候,经常会遇到页面调整和错误处理,beego这这方面也进行了考虑,通过`Redirect`方法来进行跳转:
|
||
|
||
func (this *AddController) Get() {
|
||
this.Redirect("/", 302)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@todo 错误处理还需要后期改进
|
||
|
||
## response处理
|
||
response可能会有集中情况:
|
||
|
||
1. 模板输出
|
||
|
||
模板输出上面模板介绍里面已经介绍,beego会在执行完相应的Controller里面的对应的Method之后输出到模板。
|
||
|
||
2. 跳转
|
||
|
||
上一节介绍的跳转就是我们经常用到的页面之间的跳转
|
||
|
||
3. 字符串输出
|
||
|
||
有些时候我们只是想输出相应的一个字符串,那么我们可以通过如下的代码实现
|
||
|
||
this.Ctx.WriteString("ok")
|
||
|
||
## Sessions
|
||
beego内置了session模块,目前session模块支持的后端引擎包括memory、file、mysql、redis四中,用户也可以根据相应的interface实现自己的引擎。
|
||
|
||
beego中使用session相当方便,只要在main入口函数中设置如下:
|
||
|
||
beego.SessionOn = true
|
||
|
||
或者通过配置文件配置如下:
|
||
|
||
sessionon = true
|
||
|
||
通过这种方式就可以开启session,如何使用session,请看下面的例子:
|
||
|
||
func (this *MainController) Get() {
|
||
v := this.GetSession("asta")
|
||
if v == nil {
|
||
this.SetSession("asta", int(1))
|
||
this.Data["num"] = 0
|
||
} else {
|
||
this.SetSession("asta", v.(int)+1)
|
||
this.Data["num"] = v.(int)
|
||
}
|
||
this.TplNames = "index.tpl"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
上面的例子中我们知道session有几个方便的方法:
|
||
|
||
- SetSession(name string, value interface{})
|
||
- GetSession(name string) interface{}
|
||
- DelSession(name string)
|
||
|
||
session操作主要有设置session、获取session、删除session
|
||
|
||
当然你要可以通过下面的方式自己控制相应的逻辑这些逻辑:
|
||
|
||
sess:=this.StartSession()
|
||
defer sess.SessionRelease()
|
||
|
||
sess对象具有如下方法:
|
||
|
||
* sess.Set()
|
||
* sess.Get()
|
||
* sess.Delete()
|
||
* sess.SessionID()
|
||
|
||
但是我还是建议大家采用SetSession、GetSession、DelSession三个方法来操作,避免自己在操作的过程中资源没释放的问题。
|
||
|
||
关于Session模块使用中的一些参数设置:
|
||
|
||
- SessionOn
|
||
|
||
设置是否开启Session,默认是false,配置文件对应的参数名:sessionon
|
||
|
||
- SessionProvider
|
||
|
||
设置Session的引擎,默认是memory,目前支持还有file、mysql、redis等,配置文件对应的参数名:sessionprovider
|
||
|
||
- SessionName
|
||
|
||
设置cookies的名字,Session默认是保存在用户的浏览器cookies里面的,默认名是beegosessionID,配置文件对应的参数名是:sessionname
|
||
|
||
- SessionGCMaxLifetime
|
||
|
||
设置Session过期的时间,默认值是3600秒,配置文件对应的参数:sessiongcmaxlifetime
|
||
|
||
- SessionSavePath
|
||
|
||
设置对应file、mysql、redis引擎的保存路径或者链接地址,默认值是空,配置文件对应的参数:sessionsavepath
|
||
|
||
|
||
当SessionProvider为file时,SessionSavePath是只保存文件的目录,如下所示:
|
||
|
||
beego.SessionProvider = "file"
|
||
beego.SessionSavePath = "./tmp"
|
||
|
||
当SessionProvider为mysql时,SessionSavePath是链接地址,采用[go-sql-driver](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql),如下所示:
|
||
|
||
beego.SessionProvider = "mysql"
|
||
beego.SessionSavePath = "username:password@protocol(address)/dbname?param=value"
|
||
|
||
当SessionProvider为redis时,SessionSavePath是redis的链接地址,采用了[redigo](https://github.com/garyburd/redigo),如下所示:
|
||
|
||
beego.SessionProvider = "redis"
|
||
beego.SessionSavePath = "127.0.0.1:6379"
|
||
|
||
## Cache设置
|
||
beego内置了一个cache模块,实现了类似memcache的功能,缓存数据在内存中,主要的使用方法如下:
|
||
|
||
var (
|
||
urllist *beego.BeeCache
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func init() {
|
||
urllist = beego.NewBeeCache()
|
||
urllist.Every = 0 //不过期
|
||
urllist.Start()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func (this *ShortController) Post() {
|
||
var result ShortResult
|
||
longurl := this.Input().Get("longurl")
|
||
beego.Info(longurl)
|
||
result.UrlLong = longurl
|
||
urlmd5 := models.GetMD5(longurl)
|
||
beego.Info(urlmd5)
|
||
if urllist.IsExist(urlmd5) {
|
||
result.UrlShort = urllist.Get(urlmd5).(string)
|
||
} else {
|
||
result.UrlShort = models.Generate()
|
||
err := urllist.Put(urlmd5, result.UrlShort, 0)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
beego.Info(err)
|
||
}
|
||
err = urllist.Put(result.UrlShort, longurl, 0)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
beego.Info(err)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this.Data["json"] = result
|
||
this.ServeJson()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
上面这个例子演示了如何使用beego的Cache模块,主要是通过`beego.NewBeeCache`初始化一个对象,然后设置过期时间,开启过期检测,在业务逻辑中就可以通过如下的接口进行增删改的操作:
|
||
|
||
- Get(name string) interface{}
|
||
- Put(name string, value interface{}, expired int) error
|
||
- Delete(name string) (ok bool, err error)
|
||
- IsExist(name string) bool
|
||
|
||
## 安全的Map
|
||
我们知道在Go语言里面map是非线程安全的,详细的[atomic_maps](http://golang.org/doc/faq#atomic_maps)。但是我们在平常的业务中经常需要用到线程安全的map,特别是在goroutine的情况下,所以beego内置了一个简单的线程安全的map:
|
||
|
||
bm := NewBeeMap()
|
||
if !bm.Set("astaxie", 1) {
|
||
t.Error("set Error")
|
||
}
|
||
if !bm.Check("astaxie") {
|
||
t.Error("check err")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if v := bm.Get("astaxie"); v.(int) != 1 {
|
||
t.Error("get err")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
bm.Delete("astaxie")
|
||
if bm.Check("astaxie") {
|
||
t.Error("delete err")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
上面演示了如何使用线程安全的Map,主要的接口有:
|
||
|
||
- Get(k interface{}) interface{}
|
||
- Set(k interface{}, v interface{}) bool
|
||
- Check(k interface{}) bool
|
||
- Delete(k interface{})
|
||
|
||
## 日志处理
|
||
beego默认有一个初始化的BeeLogger对象输出内容到stdout中,你可以通过如下的方式设置自己的输出:
|
||
|
||
beego.SetLogger(*log.Logger)
|
||
|
||
只要你的输出符合`*log.Logger`就可以,例如输出到文件:
|
||
|
||
fd,err := os.OpenFile("/var/log/beeapp/beeapp.log", os.O_RDWR|os.O_APPEND, 0644)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
beego.Critical("openfile beeapp.log:", err)
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
lg := log.New(fd, "", log.Ldate|log.Ltime)
|
||
beego.SetLogger(lg)
|
||
### 不同级别的log日志函数
|
||
|
||
* Trace(v ...interface{})
|
||
* Debug(v ...interface{})
|
||
* Info(v ...interface{})
|
||
* Warn(v ...interface{})
|
||
* Error(v ...interface{})
|
||
* Critical(v ...interface{})
|
||
|
||
你可以通过下面的方式设置不同的日志分级:
|
||
|
||
beego.SetLevel(beego.LevelError)
|
||
|
||
当你代码中有很多日志输出之后,如果想上线,但是你不想输出Trace、Debug、Info等信息,那么你可以设置如下:
|
||
|
||
beego.SetLevel(beego.LevelWarning)
|
||
|
||
这样的话就不会输出小于这个level的日志,日志的排序如下:
|
||
|
||
LevelTrace、LevelDebug、LevelInfo、LevelWarning、 LevelError、LevelCritical
|
||
|
||
用户可以根据不同的级别输出不同的错误信息,如下例子所示:
|
||
|
||
### Examples of log messages
|
||
- Trace
|
||
|
||
* "Entered parse function validation block"
|
||
* "Validation: entered second 'if'"
|
||
* "Dictionary 'Dict' is empty. Using default value"
|
||
- Debug
|
||
|
||
* "Web page requested: http://somesite.com Params='...'"
|
||
* "Response generated. Response size: 10000. Sending."
|
||
* "New file received. Type:PNG Size:20000"
|
||
- Info
|
||
* "Web server restarted"
|
||
* "Hourly statistics: Requested pages: 12345 Errors: 123 ..."
|
||
* "Service paused. Waiting for 'resume' call"
|
||
- Warn
|
||
* "Cache corrupted for file='test.file'. Reading from back-end"
|
||
* "Database 192.168.0.7/DB not responding. Using backup 192.168.0.8/DB"
|
||
* "No response from statistics server. Statistics not sent"
|
||
- Error
|
||
* "Internal error. Cannot process request #12345 Error:...."
|
||
* "Cannot perform login: credentials DB not responding"
|
||
- Critical
|
||
* "Critical panic received: .... Shutting down"
|
||
* "Fatal error: ... App is shutting down to prevent data corruption or loss"
|
||
|
||
### Example
|
||
|
||
func internalCalculationFunc(x, y int) (result int, err error) {
|
||
beego.Debug("calculating z. x:",x," y:",y)
|
||
z := y
|
||
switch {
|
||
case x == 3 :
|
||
beego.Trace("x == 3")
|
||
panic("Failure.")
|
||
case y == 1 :
|
||
beego.Trace("y == 1")
|
||
return 0, errors.New("Error!")
|
||
case y == 2 :
|
||
beego.Trace("y == 2")
|
||
z = x
|
||
default :
|
||
beego.Trace("default")
|
||
z += x
|
||
}
|
||
retVal := z-3
|
||
beego.Debug("Returning ", retVal)
|
||
|
||
return retVal, nil
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func processInput(input inputData) {
|
||
defer func() {
|
||
if r := recover(); r != nil {
|
||
beego.Error("Unexpected error occurred: ", r)
|
||
outputs <- outputData{result : 0, error : true}
|
||
}
|
||
}()
|
||
beego.Info("Received input signal. x:",input.x," y:", input.y)
|
||
|
||
res, err := internalCalculationFunc(input.x, input.y)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
beego.Warn("Error in calculation:", err.Error())
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
beego.Info("Returning result: ",res," error: ",err)
|
||
outputs <- outputData{result : res, error : err != nil}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
inputs = make(chan inputData)
|
||
outputs = make(chan outputData)
|
||
criticalChan = make(chan int)
|
||
beego.Info("App started.")
|
||
|
||
go consumeResults(outputs)
|
||
beego.Info("Started receiving results.")
|
||
|
||
go generateInputs(inputs)
|
||
beego.Info("Started sending signals.")
|
||
|
||
for {
|
||
select {
|
||
case input := <- inputs:
|
||
processInput(input)
|
||
case <- criticalChan:
|
||
beego.Critical("Caught value from criticalChan: Go shut down.")
|
||
panic("Shut down due to critical fault.")
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
## 配置管理
|
||
beego支持解析ini文件, beego默认会解析当前应用下的`conf/app.conf`文件
|
||
|
||
通过这个文件你可以初始化很多beego的默认参数
|
||
|
||
appname = beepkg
|
||
httpaddr = "127.0.0.1"
|
||
httpport = 9090
|
||
runmode ="dev"
|
||
autorender = false
|
||
autorecover = false
|
||
viewspath = "myview"
|
||
|
||
上面这些参数会替换beego默认的一些参数。
|
||
|
||
你可以在配置文件中配置应用需要用的一些配置信息,例如下面所示的数据库信息:
|
||
|
||
mysqluser = "root"
|
||
mysqlpass = "rootpass"
|
||
mysqlurls = "127.0.0.1"
|
||
mysqldb = "beego"
|
||
|
||
那么你就可以通过如下的方式获取设置的配置信息:
|
||
|
||
beego.AppConfig.String("mysqluser")
|
||
beego.AppConfig.String("mysqlpass")
|
||
beego.AppConfig.String("mysqlurls")
|
||
beego.AppConfig.String("mysqldb")
|
||
|
||
AppConfig支持如下方法
|
||
|
||
- Bool(key string) (bool, error)
|
||
- Int(key string) (int, error)
|
||
- Int64(key string) (int64, error)
|
||
- Float(key string) (float64, error)
|
||
- String(key string) string
|
||
|
||
## 系统默认参数
|
||
beego中带有很多可配置的参数,我们来一一认识一下它们,这样有利于我们在接下来的beego开发中可以充分的发挥他们的作用:
|
||
|
||
* BeeApp
|
||
|
||
beego默认启动的一个应用器入口,在应用import beego的时候,在init中已经初始化的。
|
||
|
||
* AppConfig
|
||
|
||
beego的配置文件解析之后的对象,也是在init的时候初始化的,里面保存有解析`conf/app.conf`下面所有的参数数据
|
||
|
||
* HttpAddr
|
||
|
||
应用监听地址,默认为空,监听所有的网卡IP
|
||
|
||
* HttpPort
|
||
|
||
应用监听端口,默认为8080
|
||
|
||
* AppName
|
||
|
||
应用名称,默认是beego
|
||
|
||
* RunMode
|
||
|
||
应用的模式,默认是dev,为开发模式,在开发模式下出错会提示友好的出错页面,如前面错误描述中所述。
|
||
|
||
* AutoRender
|
||
|
||
是否模板自动渲染,默认值为true,对于API类型的应用,应用需要把该选项设置为false,不需要渲染模板。
|
||
|
||
* RecoverPanic
|
||
|
||
是否异常恢复,默认值为true,即当应用出现异常的情况,通过recover恢复回来,而不会导致应用异常退出。
|
||
|
||
* PprofOn
|
||
|
||
是否启用pprof,默认是false,当开启之后,用户可以通过如下地址查看相应的goroutine执行情况
|
||
|
||
/debug/pprof
|
||
/debug/pprof/cmdline
|
||
/debug/pprof/profile
|
||
/debug/pprof/symbol
|
||
关于pprof的信息,请参考官方的描述[pprof](http://golang.org/pkg/net/http/pprof/)
|
||
|
||
* ViewsPath
|
||
|
||
模板路径,默认值是views
|
||
|
||
* SessionOn
|
||
|
||
session是否开启,默认是false
|
||
|
||
* SessionProvider
|
||
|
||
session的引擎,默认是memory
|
||
|
||
* SessionName
|
||
|
||
存在客户端的cookie名称,默认值是beegosessionID
|
||
|
||
* SessionGCMaxLifetime
|
||
|
||
session过期时间,默认值是3600秒
|
||
|
||
* SessionSavePath
|
||
|
||
session保存路径,默认是空
|
||
|
||
* UseFcgi
|
||
|
||
是否启用fastcgi,默认是false
|
||
|
||
* MaxMemory
|
||
|
||
文件上传默认内存缓存大小,默认值是`1 << 26`(64M)
|
||
|
||
## 第三方应用集成
|
||
beego支持第三方应用的集成,用户可以自定义`http.Handler`,用户可以通过如下方式进行注册路由:
|
||
|
||
beego.RouterHandler("/chat/:info(.*)", sockjshandler)
|
||
|
||
sockjshandler实现了接口`http.Handler`。
|
||
|
||
目前在beego的example中有支持sockjs的chat例子,示例代码如下:
|
||
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"fmt"
|
||
"github.com/astaxie/beego"
|
||
"github.com/fzzy/sockjs-go/sockjs"
|
||
"strings"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
var users *sockjs.SessionPool = sockjs.NewSessionPool()
|
||
|
||
func chatHandler(s sockjs.Session) {
|
||
users.Add(s)
|
||
defer users.Remove(s)
|
||
|
||
for {
|
||
m := s.Receive()
|
||
if m == nil {
|
||
break
|
||
}
|
||
fullAddr := s.Info().RemoteAddr
|
||
addr := fullAddr[:strings.LastIndex(fullAddr, ":")]
|
||
m = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", addr, m))
|
||
users.Broadcast(m)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type MainController struct {
|
||
beego.Controller
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func (m *MainController) Get() {
|
||
m.TplNames = "index.html"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
conf := sockjs.NewConfig()
|
||
sockjshandler := sockjs.NewHandler("/chat", chatHandler, conf)
|
||
beego.Router("/", &MainController{})
|
||
beego.RouterHandler("/chat/:info(.*)", sockjshandler)
|
||
beego.Run()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
通过上面的代码很简单的实现了一个多人的聊天室。上面这个只是一个sockjs的例子,我想通过大家自定义`http.Handler`,可以有很多种方式来进行扩展beego应用。
|
||
|
||
## 部署编译应用
|
||
Go语言的应用最后编译之后是一个二进制文件,你只需要copy这个应用到服务器上,运行起来就行。beego由于带有几个静态文件、配置文件、模板文件三个目录,所以用户部署的时候需要同时copy这三个目录到相应的部署应用之下,下面以我实际的应用部署为例:
|
||
|
||
$ mkdir /opt/app/beepkg
|
||
$ cp beepkg /opt/app/beepkg
|
||
$ cp -fr views /opt/app/beepkg
|
||
$ cp -fr static /opt/app/beepkg
|
||
$ cp -fr conf /opt/app/beepkg
|
||
|
||
这样在`/opt/app/beepkg`目录下面就会显示如下的目录结构:
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
├── conf
|
||
│ ├── app.conf
|
||
├── static
|
||
│ ├── css
|
||
│ ├── img
|
||
│ └── js
|
||
└── views
|
||
└── index.tpl
|
||
├── beepkg
|
||
|
||
这样我们就已经把我们需要的应用搬到服务器了,那么接下来就可以开始部署了,我现在服务器端用两种方式来run,
|
||
|
||
- Supervisord
|
||
|
||
安装和配置见[Supervisord](Supervisord.md)
|
||
|
||
- nohup方式
|
||
|
||
nohup ./beepkg &
|
||
|
||
个人比较推荐第一种方式,可以很好的管理起来应用
|
||
|
||
- [Introduction](README.md)
|
||
- [Step by step](Tutorial.md) |